低碳导向的矿—农—城复合区土地利用优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 05:22

本文关键词：低碳导向的矿—农—城复合区土地利用优化研究　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土地利用变化是全球气候变化和碳循环的重要影响因素,从土地利用角度探索低碳减排途径成为当前研究热点之一。本研究以矿-农-城复合区为研究对象,以1986-2015年间的6期遥感影像和社会经济统计数据为基础,采用遥感影像解译、统计分析、及数学模型等技术手段,开展资源型地区低碳土地利用研究,旨在为类似区域的低碳与可持续发展提供借鉴。主要研究结果如下:(1)系统探究了矿-农-城复合区碳循环过程与机理。矿区、农区、城区的碳循环过程均包括自然碳过程和人为碳过程。在碳循环核算方面,1986-2015年间研究区总碳储量下降1.10%;土壤碳储量比重始终在93%以上;自然碳储量共减少12万t,人为碳储量则增加约7万t;耕地和林地面积减少是总体碳储量下降的根本原因。各年份的垂直碳输入总量中以林地碳吸收比重最大;垂直碳输出总量显著增加,主要由人为活动加剧导致,人为碳排放量约增加6倍,其中又以生产碳排放增加为主。(2)详细分析了矿-农-城复合区土地利用的碳流通特征。土地利用垂直碳输入途径主要有植物光合作用和水域碳吸收,总量保持在每年12~15万t;土地利用垂直碳输出途径分为自然途径和人为途径,1986-2015年总量增加约2.2倍,主要受采矿活动的直接影响。结构变化上,1986-2015年各地类垂直碳输入总量增加了约0.24万t,垂直碳输出总量增加22.44万t;类型转换上,碳流通总量为-17.74万t;林地转入是唯一的碳固定途径,采矿用地转入是碳损失的最主要原因。研究区土地利用碳排放的影响因素主要有人口增长、经济发展和采矿活动。(3)提出了适合矿-农-城复合区特点的低碳土地利用模式。采用多目标线性规划模型,以土地利用类型为决策变量,以土地利用碳排放量最小化、碳蓄积量最大化、及经济效益最大化为目标函数,以低碳排放型、高碳蓄积型、高经济效益型为模拟情景,进行土地利用结构优化。对3种土地利用情景的碳排放量、碳蓄积量和经济产出情况分别进行对比分析,认为高碳蓄积型土地利用模式可兼顾低碳土地利用和经济发展需求,是较为合适的优化方案。(4)构建了矿-农-城复合区低碳土地利用管理体系。研究区土地利用矛盾集中在城镇扩张、矿产资源开发与农用地保护的矛盾,及矿产资源开发与村庄搬迁之间的矛盾等;矛盾主体主要有地方政府、煤矿企业和城乡居民。土地利用矛盾造成的碳排放来源于“碳源型”地类增加,及土地管理方式转换。低碳土地利用管理体系包括宏观和微观管理目标,地方政府、煤矿企业和城乡居民均是参与主体,管理措施主要有制度保障、部门协作、科技支撑和公众参与等。
[Abstract]:Land use change is a factor of global climate change and carbon cycle of the important influence, from the view of land use on carbon emission reduction pathway has become a hot research topic. In this study, ore - agricultural - City Composite area as the research object, using 1986-2015 between 6 remote sensing images and social economic statistical data as the foundation, analyzed by interpretation the remote sensing image, statistics, and mathematical model of technical means, to carry out research on land use low carbon resource type area, in order to provide reference for low-carbon and sustainable development in similar areas. The main results are as follows: (1) to explore the ore - Agricultural - City Composite area carbon cycle process and mechanism. Mining area, agricultural area, carbon cycle city including natural processes and anthropogenic carbon carbon carbon cycle process. In accounting, 1986-2015 years of total carbon reserves fell by 1.10%; the proportion of soil carbon storage was always above 93%; natural reserves total carbon By 120 thousand T, anthropogenic carbon reserves increased by about 70 thousand T; cultivated land and woodland reduce is the root cause of overall carbon storage decreased. The total vertical carbon input each year in the forest carbon absorption proportion; vertical carbon output increased significantly, mainly caused by human activities, man-made carbon emissions increased by about 6 times among them, in the production of carbon emissions increase. (2) a detailed analysis of the carbon circulation characteristic of land use complex area in the city of mine - agricultural land use. The vertical carbon input mainly through photosynthesis and carbon water plants, the total annual 12~ maintained at 150 thousand T; land use vertical carbon export way divided and man-made way the natural way, the annual amount of 1986-2015 increased by about 2.2 times, directly mainly affected by mining activities. Structural changes, 1986-2015 around the vertical carbon input amount increased by about 2 thousand and 400 t, vertical carbon output increase 22.44 000 t; type conversion, the total carbon circulation of -17.74 million T; woodland is the only way to carbon fixation, mining land transfer is the main reason for the loss of carbon. The carbon impact of land use in the study area are the main factors of population growth, economic development and mining activities. (3) a low carbon land use pattern for ore - agricultural - City Composite zone characteristics. Using multi-objective linear programming model, based on land use types as decision variables, land use, carbon emissions minimization, carbon storage and maximum economic benefit maximization as the objective function, with low carbon emissions, high carbon, high the economic benefits for the simulation scenarios for the optimization of land use structure. 3 kinds of land use scenarios of carbon emissions, carbon storage and economic output were analyzed, that high carbon accumulation type land use model can take into account the low-carbon land use and Economic development needs, is the optimization scheme is more appropriate. (4) the construction of mine - agricultural - city low carbon composite zone land use management system. Urban expansion concentrated in the contradiction of land use in the study area, the contradiction of mineral resources exploitation and protection of farmland, contradiction and exploitation of mineral resources and village relocation between contradictions; the main body of the local government, coal mining enterprises and urban and rural residents. The land use contradiction caused by carbon emissions from the "carbon source" to increase conversion and land management. Low carbon land use management system including the macro and micro management objectives, local government, coal mining enterprises and urban and rural residents are involved in the subject, management the main measures of system security, department cooperation, scientific and technological support and public participation.

【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2

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