基于全球价值链的我国加工贸易转型升级研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 12:53

本文选题：全球价值链　切入点：加工贸易　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化的深入发展,产品分工形式呈现国际分布化、工序离散化、协作一体化的特点,价值链的不同环节在全球范围内重新分工布局,形成了全球价值链。改革开放以来,我国顺应价值链全球布局的大趋势,发挥劳动力成本优势,采取加工贸易政策,承接了世界生产和制造中心向中国的转移,取得了跨越式的发展,为国民经济发展做出了重要贡献。但后金融危机时代,欧美等发达国家经济复苏缓慢,外需不断萎缩,国内要素成本不断提升,产业和订单向外转移加快,我国加工贸易发展面临极大挑战。与此同时,欧美等国家重新认识到制造业的重要性,美国提出“先进制造业伙伴计划”、德国启动“工业4.0”,我国也启动了《中国制造2025》的战略。转型升级成为我国加工贸易的必然选择,基于全球价值链的我国加工贸易转型升级是理论界亟需研究的问题。运用国际分工理论和价值链理论现有研究成果,将我国加工贸易转型升级纳入全球价值链转型升级的系统中,以全球价值链转型升级、产业转型升级、人力资本、技术创新等理论为基础,在发现我国加工贸易贫困化增长,全球价值链经济租微笑曲线沉降的基础上,提出我国加工贸易转型升级的目标是获得卓越经济租,其过程始于提高与全球价值链领导厂商、上游供应厂商知识共享能力,将人力成本、产业配套能力、研发投入、政策体系作为影响加工贸易装升级的关键要素,将它们置于同一系统中,并演绎出作用框架,研究其作用的机制、路径。将国际上贫困化评价标准引入我国加工贸易指数评价中,采用帕氏指数对加工贸易进出口价格指数进行计算,并引入垂直分工度对贸易条件指数进行修正,探索我国加工贸易条件呈现恶化趋势的结构性原因。在此基础上通过国际市场对我国出口产品的需求价格弹性、出口商品在全球市场份额、加工贸易对国民经济增长的贡献度等,实证我国加工贸易表现出的“贫困化”增长趋势。对加工贸易转型升级机制进行研究,提出全球价值链厂商之间的知识转移成为转型升级的内在作用机制,劳动力要素机制、产业配套环境要素机制、政策环境要素机制为转型升级的外在作用机制,并在机制研究的基础上研究我国加工贸易转型升级的路径。运用问卷调查法、访谈法对实证数进行收集和分析以及假设验证,并经过对所选取的样本进行描述性统计分析,最后运用PLS路径模型方法进行路径模型的运算,得到各项要素对加工贸易转型升级影响的路径系数,探索它们影响的内在机理。通过实证研究可以看出,我国加工贸易的转型升级过于依赖政策,不符合全球价值链系统转型升级内生力量的增长规律。劳动力要素对转型升级的影响微弱未通过验证,是非决定性的要素。目前我国的劳动力素质现状是虽然学历有所提高,但硬性的学历无法反映真实的劳动力素质,制约转型升级的更多是劳动力的技术。产业配套能力、技术创新平台对我国加工贸易转型升级的影响越居劳动力之前,一方面说明我国加工贸易产业配套能力有明显的提高;另一方面加工贸易企业及其主管部门应该转变观念,改变配套能力置后于劳动力要素的传统理念。最后,劳动力要素、技术创新平台水平、产业配套水平都对知识共享有明显直接影响,而对获得经济租的影响不直接,因此证明我国加工贸易要想获得卓越经济租应该从提高企业参与全球价值链的知识共享能力入手。
[Abstract]:With the development of economic globalization, the international division of labor form product distribution process, discrete characteristics of cooperative integration, different value chain re division of the layout in the global scope, formed the global value chain. Since the reform and opening up, the trend of China conform to the value chain of the global layout, give full play to the advantages of labor costs, take the processing trade policy, to undertake the transfer of world production and manufacturing center to Chinese, has achieved leapfrog development, has made an important contribution to the development of the national economy. But after the financial crisis, Europe and other developed countries the slow economic recovery, shrinking external demand, domestic factor costs rising, industry and accelerate the development of the outward transfer order. China's processing trade is facing great challenges. At the same time, Europe and other countries to recognize the importance of the manufacturing industry, the United States put forward the "advanced manufacturing Partnership Program "Germany launched the industrial 4, China has also launched a" China 2025> manufacturing strategy. Transformation and upgrading has become the inevitable choice of China's processing trade, China's processing trade transformation and upgrading based on global value chain theory is the urgent problem. The use of the international division of labor theory and value chain theory of existing research results. The upgrading of processing trade in China into the system of global value chain upgrading in the global value chain upgrade, industrial restructuring and upgrading, human capital, technology innovation theory, found in China's processing trade immiserizing growth, the global value chain of economic rent based on the settlement of the smile curve, made in China the transformation and upgrading of processing trade of the goal is to obtain excellent economic rent, the process begins with improving and leading manufacturers of global value chain, upstream suppliers knowledge sharing capability, human cost, industrial matching ability. Send input, key elements of policy system as the impact of processing trade with the upgrade, they will be placed in the same system, and deduce the function framework, path mechanism, study its role. Put the international poverty evaluation standards into evaluation index of China's processing trade, using Passche on processing trade import and export price index are calculated, and the introduction of vertical specialization degree on the terms of trade index is modified, explore the structural causes of China's processing trade conditions are worsening. On the basis of the international market on the demand price elasticity of China's export products, export commodities in the global market share of processing trade on the economic growth contribution, empirical China's processing trade show the immiserizing growth trend. The mechanism of transformation and upgrading of processing trade, the global value chain of knowledge transfer has become the manufacturers The inherent mechanism of transformation and upgrading, labor mechanism, industry environmental factors mechanism, policy mechanism for the external environment factors the mechanism of transformation and upgrading, and the basic path in the mechanism study on upgrading of processing trade in China. By using the method of questionnaire investigation, interview collection and analysis and hypothesis verification on the empirical number. And through the descriptive statistical analysis of the sample, the path model using PLS path model algorithm, get the path coefficient of each factor effect on the upgrading of processing trade transformation, the internal mechanism to explore their effects. Through empirical research we can see that the transformation and upgrading of processing trade in China is too dependent on the policy, does not meet the transformation the growth law of endogenous power system upgrading in global value chain. The labor factor influence on the transformation and upgrading of the weak is not verified, is not The decisive factors. The present situation of labor quality in our country is although degree increased, but the hard degree can not reflect the real quality of the workforce, restricting the transformation and upgrading of the labor force is more technical. The industrial supporting capacity, before the impact of technological innovation platform of China's processing trade transformation and upgrading is the highest in the labor force, one hand that industry China's processing trade supporting ability is obviously improved; on the other hand, processing trade enterprises and departments should change their ideas, change the traditional concept of labor in supporting capacity set. Finally, labor force factor, innovation platform level technology, industry level has obvious direct effect on knowledge sharing, and the impact on the economy rent not directly, so that China's processing trade to obtain excellent economic rent should improve the enterprises to participate in the global value chain of knowledge sharing ability Start with.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F752.68

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