当代中国农村扶贫开发战略研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 13:34

本文选题：中国共产党 + 扶贫开发战略　；参考：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：消除贫困,自古就是人类梦寐以求的理想,是各国人民追求幸福生活的基本权利。新中国成立以来,中国共产党及中国政府不断创新体制、强化手段、完善政策,以国家经济发展水平和农村贫困特征的变化趋势分阶段提出了农村扶贫开发的奋斗目标和主要任务,建立了消除农村贫困的制度框架。特别是改革开放以来,中国将农村扶贫开发纳入国家整体发展规划,随着经济、社会的发展不断推进扶贫开发的理论创新、政策创新和制度创新,随着扶贫进程的演进和实践经验的总结不断完善国家扶贫战略和政策体系,成功走出了一条以经济发展为推动力量、以增强贫困人口自我发展能力为主要途径,坚持政府主导与社会参与相结合、扶贫开发与区域发展相结合、普惠性“三农”政策与特惠性扶贫政策相配套、扶贫开发与社会保障制度相衔接的中国特色农村扶贫开发道路。在国民经济持续较快增长以及一系列公平发展政策与国家专项扶贫开发计划的共同作用下,实现了6亿多农村人口摆脱贫困,使我国成为了全球最早实现联合国千年发展目标中减贫目标的发展中国家,为世界减贫事业作出了重大贡献。中国的农村扶贫开发受到了国内外学者和国际组织的高度关注,并取得了许多具有现实意义的理论成果。这些成果主要集中在经济学、社会学,或者更为细致的集中在分配问题、人力资本问题等具体领域,然而专注于战略的高度研究中国农村扶贫开发仍然是理论界的欠缺。本文采用历史与逻辑的统一、文献综述、系统分析和跨学科研究的方法,从马克思主义中国化理论视角,以战略性高度系统化地梳理、概括及总结中国农村扶贫开发政策及其实践经验,并以制约发展的突出问题为出发点对扶贫开发战略的进一步完善提出了具有实践导向的政策建议,以期为中国农村扶贫开发做出贡献。论文包括如下八个部分:第一章,绪论。共分四个部分:论文的选题依据和研究意义、研究现状和发展趋势、研究思路和研究方法以及创新之处和不足之处。第二章,当代中国农村扶贫开发战略的形成与发展。本章从三个角度分析和梳理了支撑战略体系的理论基础。分别是马克思恩格斯的贫困理论;毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛和习近平等中国共产党领导人的贫困理论;国际社会及国际组织的反贫困理论。以国家扶贫政策为依据,以纲要性扶贫文件为蓝本,将扶贫开发战略从形成、发展和完善三个阶段进行了分析,并将此作为战略的实践基础。第三章,当代中国农村扶贫开发战略的指导思想。本章从坚持精准扶贫方略、注重转变经济发展方式、注重增强扶贫对象自我发展能力、注重基本公共服务均等化四个方面阐述了当代中国农村扶贫开发战略的指导思想。第四章,当代中国农村扶贫开发战略的指导方针。本章着重分析了中国从改革开放以来一直坚持的开发式专项扶贫方针,并从制度动因和制度进展的角度分析了农村最低生活保障制度这一“兜底性”制度安排。第五章,当代中国农村扶贫开发战略目标和战略重点。本章以纲领性文件为依据,将当代农村扶贫开发战略分成五个阶段,并以阶段为节点分别分析了这几个阶段提出的解决基本温饱问题、扩大温饱成果、全面解决温饱问题、巩固温饱并改善条件、稳定生存并保障发展的战略目标。将贫困革命老区、少数民族贫困地区作为战略的重点区域,分别从区域贫困的现状和扶贫开发工作的进展等几个方面进行了分析。第六章,当代中国农村扶贫开发战略措施。本章对扶贫战略的经验进行总结,从中凝练出四点支撑战略发展的重要措施,即坚持开发式扶贫与社会保障相结合、坚持政府主导与社会扶贫相结合、坚持扶贫开发与区域发展相结合、坚持扶贫开发与普惠性农村政策相结合。第七章,当代中国农村扶贫开发战略保证。本章从适时调整扶贫开发瞄准机制、改革财政扶贫资金使用机制、完善扶贫开发统计与监测体系三个方面分析了促使战略形成、发展以及取得卓越成果的重要保证。第八章,当代中国农村扶贫开发战略的实践导向。本章认为,扶贫开发战略的政策逻辑导向一直是将绝对贫困作为扶贫的标准,并且将此标准置于了贫困人口的“全面”脱贫的根本目标之中。以此为理念的政策导向成功的指导了中国扶贫,并且为世界减贫事业做出了突出的贡献。然而,从农村返贫率的不断升高以及贫富差距不断拉大的现实来看,单纯追求绝对贫困人口的全面脱贫的扶贫理念并未实现脱贫效果的持续性以及发展的均衡性。因此,本章提出要以发展和相对的角度重新审视贫困,并将注重贫困脆弱性、注重相对贫困、注重绿色减贫、注重教育公平四个方面视为实现减贫效果的稳定性、发展的共享性、贫困地区发展的可持续性和公平的发展机会的逻辑起点,并希望将这些本应得到重视的减贫理念转化成扶贫政策和措施,融入到扶贫开发的战略之中。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of new China, the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government have been innovating the system, strengthening means and improving policies, and put forward the rural poverty alleviation and development in stages, in stages of the national economic development level and the changing trend of rural poverty characteristics. In particular, since the reform and opening up, China has brought the rural poverty alleviation and development into the overall national development plan. With the economic and social development, China has continuously promoted the theoretical innovation, policy innovation and institutional innovation with the development of economy and society, with the evolution and practical experience of the process of poverty alleviation. The summary continuously perfected the national poverty alleviation strategy and policy system, successfully walked out of a main way to promote the economic development as a driving force, to enhance the self-development ability of the poor population, to adhere to the combination of government leading and social participation, the combination of poverty alleviation and regional development, and the universal policy of "three rural" and the preferential poverty alleviation policy. Under the joint role of the sustained and rapid growth of the national economy and a series of fair development policies and the national special aid for poverty development plan, more than 600 million rural population has been lifted out of poverty, which has made China the earliest to realize the Millennium Development of the United Nations in the world. Developing countries to reduce the goal of poverty alleviation have made great contributions to the cause of poverty reduction in the world. China's rural poverty alleviation and development has been highly concerned by domestic and international scholars and international organizations, and has achieved many practical theoretical results. These achievements are mainly focused on economic, sociological, or more meticulous concentration. The problem of distribution, human capital and other specific fields, however, it is still a lack of theoretical circles to focus on the strategic height of China's rural poverty alleviation and development. This article uses the unification of history and logic, literature review, systematic analysis and interdisciplinary research methods, from the perspective of Marx's Theory of sinicization and combed strategically and highly systematically. To summarize and summarize the policies and practical experiences of the rural poverty alleviation and development in China, and to put forward the practical guiding policy suggestions on the further improvement of the poverty alleviation and development strategy, in order to make contributions to the poverty alleviation and development in China's rural areas. The thesis includes the following eight parts: Chapter 1, introduction. A total of four Part: the basis and significance of the thesis, research status and development trend, research ideas and research methods as well as innovation and shortcomings. The second chapter, the formation and development of the strategy of rural poverty alleviation and development in contemporary China. This chapter analyzes and combs the theoretical basis of the supporting strategic system from three angles. It is Marx Engel. The poverty theory of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao and the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the anti poverty theory of the international society and the international organizations, based on the national policy of poverty alleviation, based on the outline of the poverty alleviation documents, analyzed the three stages of the strategy of poverty alleviation and development from the formation, development and perfection. The third chapter is the guiding ideology of the strategy of rural poverty alleviation and development in contemporary China. This chapter expounds the strategy of poverty alleviation and development in the rural areas of contemporary China from four aspects: adhering to the strategy of precision poverty alleviation, focusing on changing the mode of economic development, strengthening the self-development ability of the object of poverty alleviation, and paying attention to the equalization of basic public service. The fourth chapter, the guiding principle of the current China rural poverty alleviation and development strategy. This chapter focuses on the analysis of the special poverty alleviation policy that China has persisted in since the reform and opening up, and analyzes the "subsistence" system arrangement of the rural minimum living security system from the perspective of institutional motivation and system progress. The fifth chapter, This chapter, based on the programmatic documents, divides the current rural poverty alleviation and development strategy into five stages, and analyzes the basic problems of basic food and clothing in these stages, enlarging the results of food and clothing, solving the problem of food and clothing, consolidating food and clothing and improving conditions, In the sixth chapter, the strategic measures of poverty alleviation and development in the rural areas of China are carried out in this chapter. The experience of this chapter on poverty alleviation strategy is carried out in this chapter. To sum up, the important measures to support the development of the strategy are four points, that is, to adhere to the combination of development type poverty alleviation and social security, to adhere to the combination of government leading and social poverty alleviation, to adhere to the combination of the poverty alleviation and regional development, and to adhere to the poverty alleviation and the inclusive rural policy. The seventh chapter is the strategy of the rural poverty alleviation and development in the contemporary China. This chapter, from three aspects: adjusting the aim mechanism of poverty alleviation and developing, reforming the use mechanism of financial poverty alleviation funds, perfecting the statistics and monitoring system of poverty alleviation and development, analyses the important guarantee for the formation of the strategy, the development and the achievement of outstanding achievements. The eighth chapter, the practical guidance of the strategy of poverty alleviation and development in the rural areas of contemporary China. The policy logic orientation of the strategy has always been the standard of reducing poverty as a standard for poverty alleviation, and placing this standard in the fundamental goal of "overall" poverty eradication of the poor. As a result of the increasing gap and the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the concept of poverty alleviation for the total poverty alleviation of the absolute poverty population does not realize the sustainability of the poverty reduction effect and the balance of development. Therefore, this chapter proposes to reexamine poverty in the development and relative angles, and pay attention to the vulnerability of poverty, to pay attention to relative poverty and to pay attention to the poverty. The four aspects of green poverty reduction and educational equity are regarded as the logical starting point of achieving the stability of poverty reduction, the sharing of the development, the sustainability and the fair development opportunities for the development of the poor areas, and hoping to convert the ideas that should be paid attention to into the policies and measures of poverty alleviation and integrate into the strategy of poverty alleviation and development.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.8

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