盐城海岸带土地利用及其生态安全评价与优化研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 10:53

本文选题：土地利用时空变化 + 土地生态安全　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以盐城海岸带及各县市为研究对象,以1984年、1990年、1996年、2002年、2009年和2014年六期不同时相的遥感数据为主要的研究数据源,结合统计资料、实测数据、地形图等辅助资料,运用RS和GIS空间分析技术,全面研究了该区域在过去30年中的土地覆被(LUCC)的时空特征和生态功能的变化,运用CCA分析方法定量研究了盐城海岸带LUCC的驱动力和驱动机制。利用灾变理论与PSR模型相结合的方法,对盐城海岸带近十几年的土地利用生态安全状况进行了研究,利用Mann-Kendall’s检验方法研究盐城海岸带土地生态安全的变化趋势。基于GIS空间分析通过网格数据在更小空间尺度上探讨了土地生态安全的时空演变趋势,利用In VEST模型下的Biodiversity模块对盐城海岸带的生态环境质量进行综合评价,最后用约束条件和各种目标函数构建多目标线性规划模型,以经济效益、生态效益和综合效益为目标导向方案,对盐城海岸带及各县市的土地利用结构进行了数量优化,进行空间优化,最后提出该区域土地可持续利用的建议。通过以上的研究,本文得到如下主要结论:(1)研究表明盐城海岸带及各县市的LUCC的时空特征在过去30年间发生了较大的变化:以盐蒿、芦苇等为主的自然地物的比例不断下降,而以居民工矿用地和农田为主体的人工地物的比例持续上升,到了2014年人工地物占比高达79%,反映了人类活动对盐城海岸带土地利用的数量和结构的影响。(2)土地利用动态度方面,居民工矿用地是变化最剧烈的用地类型,其动态度高达29.59%/a,养殖池、农田与林地的土地利用动态度变化也较大,分别是13.25%/a、11.37%/a和8.70%/a,进一步反映了研究时段人类活动对本区域的影响,在各县市区尺度上,盐城海岸带南部的东台、大丰人工地物的土地利用动态度较大,而北部的响水、滨海和射阳自然地物的土地利用动态度较大;研究区域内各县市的土地利用程度综合指数也表现出同样的增长趋势;盐城海岸带及各县市的土地垦殖指数、土地利用开发指数和土地利用率在各研究时段均表现为不同程度的上升趋势。2014年土地垦殖指数按照从大到小排序为大丰东台滨海响水射阳,2014年土地利用开发指数按照从大到小排序为东台滨海大丰射阳响水,2014年土地利用率指数按照从大到小排序为响水滨海射阳大丰东台。(3)通过洛伦兹曲线图分析得出响水的土地利用集中程度在研究时段内都是最高的,滨海和东台的土地利用集中度也高于平均水平,大丰和射阳的土地利用集中度比平均水平要低。盐城海岸带围垦土地时空分析中,盐城海岸带在1984至2014年间共圈围土地61540ha,其中1996年至2002年围垦土地数量最多,为15940ha,数量最小的是在1984-1990年,仅为9330ha。从各县市看,大丰是研究区域内围垦比例最大的县市,占比为30.92%,共圈围土地19030ha,大丰在不同研究区间围垦土地的数量又有明显区别,射阳是盐城海岸带围垦比例第二大的县市,占比为30.52%,共圈围土地18780ha,其中1996年至2002年围垦土地数量最大,为5390ha,东台市2009年至2014年围垦土地数量最多,为6860ha;盐城海岸带围垦用地的主要流向是光滩为主的未利用地,养殖池、林地和农田占比例也比较大。(4)在土地利用生态安全评价方面,该研究区域各县市的土地生态安全压力-状态-响应及综合要素在研究时段内存在一定差异。其中研究起始年份2002年的压力-状态-响应及综合生态安全数值较小。在各要素中,极安全等级在研究时段内占比重较小,主要以中等安全和不安全等级为主,且随着时间的推移,安全等级有下降的趋势。在利用Mann-Kendall’s检验方法研究盐城海岸带土地生态安全的变化趋势和突变现象中发现,各海岸带的压力要素、响应值、状态值和土地生态安全综合值的发展趋势和出现突变点的时间都存在较大差异。利用网格分析,在研究时段内盐城海岸带的生态承载力指数有所增加,平均稳定指数由0.575增加至0.872,各网格的生态系统稳定度指数和平均生物多样性指数分别由0.8813、0.8180下降至0.5531、0.5832。1984年至2014年盐城海岸带区域各网格土地生态系统安全指数的平均值由0.6248下降至0.5671,高值集聚区主要分布在南部,低值集聚区主要分布在北部,表现出明显的空间差异性与集聚性。利用In VEST模型下的Biodiversity模块对盐城海岸带的生态环境质量进行综合评价,结果表明在研究时段内,整体生境质量取值从0.69降至0.43,生境质量下降,多样性变低。随着沿海开发战略的推进,生境质量等级高的滩涂大面积被围垦成养殖农田、人工表面等低等级用地类型,生境质量严重退化,生物多样性服务功能变差。同样,由于城镇化的扩张、围海港口建设、围海造田的力度加大,生境质量退化显著,沿海滩涂部分岸段的生境质量退化迅速。(5)在盐城海岸带的土地利用优化方案中,无论是经济导向还是生态效益导向,都只是注重了土地利用的经济发展或生态环境保护,不利于土地的科学利用,在综合效益下的土地优化方案是同时兼顾经济效益与生态效益的土地利用模式,在此模式下,盐城海岸带及各县市的社会经济得到较好的发展,研究区域的沿海湿地生态系统服务功能价值也可以得到很大的提高,海岸带的人口数量和空间分布也比较合理,沿海城镇、产业与港口联动的综合效益比较高,本文认为该方案可以作为盐城海岸带土地利用数量与结构优化方案。基于先前研究的土地生态安全评价结果进行土地利用空间优化,最后提出了盐城海岸带土地利用实现科学发展的措施。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the Yancheng coastal zone and the counties and cities as the research object, taking the remote sensing data of the six phases of 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, 2009 and 2014 as the main data sources, combined with the auxiliary data of statistics, measured data and topographic maps, and studied the area in the past 30 years by using RS and GIS spatial analysis techniques. The spatial and temporal characteristics of land cover (LUCC) and the change of ecological function are used to study the driving force and driving mechanism of the LUCC in Yancheng coastal zone by CCA analysis method. Using the method of combining the catastrophic theory with the PSR model, the ecological security of the land use in the coastal zone of Yancheng has been studied in the last decade, and the Mann-Kendall 's test is used. Methods to study the change trend of land ecological security in Yancheng coastal zone. Based on GIS spatial analysis, the spatio-temporal evolution trend of land ecological security was discussed at smaller spatial scale, and the ecological environmental quality of Yancheng coastal zone was evaluated comprehensively by Biodiversity module under the model of In VEST, and the constraints were finally used. The multi-objective linear programming model is constructed by various target functions, with economic benefit, ecological benefit and comprehensive benefit as the target oriented scheme, the land use structure of Yancheng coastal zone and each county and city is optimized, space optimization is carried out. Finally, the suggestions for the sustainable utilization of the land in this region are put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the study shows that the spatial and temporal characteristics of the LUCC in the Yancheng coastal zone and the counties and cities have changed greatly over the past 30 years. The proportion of natural objects, such as Artemisia annua and reed, has declined continuously, while the proportion of artificial ground objects, which are mainly based on industrial and mining land and farmland, has continued to rise, and the proportion of man-made objects in 2014 is higher. Up to 79%, reflecting the impact of human activities on the amount and structure of land use in Yancheng coastal zone. (2) in terms of land use dynamics, residents' industrial and mining land is the most drastic land use type, its dynamic attitude is up to 29.59%/a, and the change of land use dynamic attitude of aquaculture pool and farmland and woodland is also great, which are 13.25%/a, 11.37%/a and 8.70%/a, respectively. It further reflects the influence of human activities on the region in the study period. In the urban and urban areas of each county, the land use dynamics of Dafeng artificial ground in Dongtai, south of Yancheng coastal zone, and the land use dynamics of the northern Xiangshui, coastal and Sheyang natural objects in the north are larger, and the land use degree of the counties and cities in the region is comprehensive. The index also showed the same growth trend; the land reclamation index of Yancheng coastal zone and the counties and cities, the land use development index and the land use rate showed the rising trend of different degrees in each period of study. The land reclamation index of the land reclamation index of the.2014 year was in accordance with the large to small order of the Dafeng Dongtai coastal Xiangshui Sheyang, the land use development in 2014. The index of the index is in Dongtai Binhai Dafeng Sheyang Xiangshui from large to small. In 2014, the land use index was ranked from large to small to Xiangshui littoral Sheyang Dafeng Dongtai. (3) through the analysis of Lorenz curve map, the degree of land use concentration in Xiangshui was the highest in the study period, and the land use concentration of coastal and Dongtai was also the same. Higher than average, the land use concentration of Dafeng and Sheyang is lower than that of the average. In the spatial and temporal analysis of reclamation land in Yancheng coastal zone, the Yancheng coastal zone was surrounded by 61540ha in the period of 1984 to 2014, among which the number of land reclamation from 1996 to 2002 was the most, the minimum number was in 1984-1990 years, only 9330ha. from the counties and cities. Dafeng is the largest reclaimed county and city in the study area, with a total ratio of 30.92%, and a total of 19030ha. Dafeng has a distinct difference in the number of reclaimed land in different research areas. Sheyang is the second largest reclamation in Yancheng coastal zone, with a total ratio of 30.52%, and a total of land 18780ha, from 1996 to 2002, reclaimed land quantity. The largest, 5390ha, Dongtai city from 2009 to 2014, the largest amount of land reclamation land, 6860ha, the main flow of reclamation land in Yancheng coastal zone is the light beach mainly unused land, culture pool, woodland and farmland proportion is relatively large. (4) in the ecological safety assessment of land use, the regional land ecological security pressure state of the counties and cities of the region There are some differences in the response and the comprehensive factors in the study period. In the starting year, the pressure state response and the comprehensive ecological safety value are smaller in the beginning of the year 2002. In the study of the change trend and mutation of the ecological safety of Yancheng coastal zone by using Mann-Kendall 's test, it is found that there are great differences between the pressure factors, the response values, the state values and the trend of the comprehensive value of the ecological safety of the land and the time of the occurrence of the catastrophe point. In the period of the study, the ecological carrying capacity index of Yancheng coastal zone increased, the average stability index increased from 0.575 to 0.872. The ecosystem stability index and the average biodiversity index of each grid decreased from 0.8813,0.8180 to the grid land ecosystem safety index of Yancheng coastal zone from 0.5531,0.5832.1984 to 2014. The average value decreased from 0.6248 to 0.5671, the high concentration area was mainly distributed in the south, and the low concentration area was mainly distributed in the north, showing obvious spatial difference and agglomeration. The ecological environment quality of Yancheng coastal zone was evaluated comprehensively by the Biodiversity module under the model of In VEST. The results showed that the overall habitat was within the period of study. The quality is reduced from 0.69 to 0.43, the quality of habitat is declining, and the diversity becomes lower. With the development of coastal development strategy, the large area of the high grade beach is reclaimed into cultivated land, and the low grade land types such as artificial surface are seriously degraded and the function of biodiversity is worse. The construction of port construction, the strength of reclamation in the surrounding sea, the degradation of habitat quality is remarkable, and the quality of the habitats of some coastal sections of coastal beach is degraded rapidly. (5) in the optimization scheme of land use in Yancheng coastal zone, the economic development or ecological environment protection of land use is only paid attention to, and the land use is not conducive to land. In this model, the social and economic development of Yancheng coastal zone and various counties and cities has been well developed, and the value of service energy of coastal wetland ecosystem services can also be greatly improved. The population and spatial distribution are relatively reasonable. The comprehensive benefits of coastal cities and towns and the linkage of industry and port are relatively high. This paper considers that the scheme can be used as an optimization scheme for the land use quantity and structure of Yancheng coastal zone. Based on the results of land ecological security evaluation previously studied, the land use space is optimized. Finally, the Yancheng coast is put forward. Measures to carry out scientific development with land use.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F301.2

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