用于教育的有条件现金转移支付在巴基斯坦的社会经济效应—来自信德省的经验证据

发布时间：2018-06-05 04:43

  本文选题：用于 + 教育　； 参考：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：为了激励社会的薄弱环节并进行人力资本投资,有条件的现金转移(CCT)执行的程序已经不仅在它们所在的国家实施,也在国际政策制定者和学术界被关注到的。因此,对于影响的评价已经取得了很大的努力。通过使资金流动的条件,家庭将送它们的孩子上学,将解决这个问题,因为它会提供更好的机会,在教育和未来的更高的收入之间有很强的相关性。因此,有条件的现金转移计划是有效的工具,以减少短期贫困和长期的人力资本改善。信德省政府(GoS)优先化教育部门并在2005-06发起信德省教育改革方案(SERP)为了履行全球承诺和实现千年发展目标(MDGs),该计划将增加学校的参与、减少性别差距和农村-城市的差距、提高教育效果、增加保留、完成和提高质量。现金津贴是提供以解决性别差距和城乡差距问题。本研究试图采用倾向评分匹配(PSM)和巴基斯坦社会生活的标准测量最近的浪潮(PSLM)在评估现金转移对信德省中等水平的学生人数的影响。结果表明,现金津贴对中等水平的学生人数显著的正向影响。通过性别差距和城乡差距的评估,发现在农村和城市地区受教育的人口一个明显的程度的差距,在信德的选区也存在同样的情况。利用基尼教育指数,我们估计教育程度的不平等。虽然,2004-05和2010-11之间不平等下降,但是程度仍然很高(百分之58以上在2010-11年)。农村地区比城市地区的基尼系数高,表明城乡教育程度的差距。男性和女性受教育程度的不平等现象表明,在女性尤其是农村妇女的教育程度的不平等较高。此外,还观察到现金转移对早期儿童婚姻和童工的影响。这一发现表明,现金津贴减少信德省童工,但是无显示参与女孩结婚年龄的延迟。津贴通常包括在方案,使服务更适用于资源贫乏的家庭。贫穷和缺乏对女童和青年妇女可行的创收选择是造成儿童高结婚率的重要因素。越来越多的项目开始解决这个经济动机家庭在幼年结婚的女儿。虽然有条件现金转移的影响,文学是巨大的,但有一些侧重于现金转移计划的早期童婚和童工的影响很少。这项研究还审查了关于早婚和童工的有条件的现金转移的影响。现金转移的影响,女童就读于中等或中学,在早婚和童工。对于早期童婚的调查结果显示,早婚2006财年增加-07和FY 2012-13而对于2008年度-09这表明对早婚显著的负面影响。这并不意味着,现金津贴是在创建初期童婚影响不力表明现金津贴减少早婚和信德省童工。这需要时间带来的变化的行为。现金津贴的有关童工使用倾向得分匹配的影响,研究结果强调了有现金津贴对童工显著的负面影响。由此可以得出结论,现金津贴计划是有效地提高入学率中等和中等水平,并减少在信德省童工。
[Abstract]:In order to stimulate weak links in society and invest in human capital, conditional cash transfer (CCT) procedures have been implemented not only in their countries, but also in international policy makers and academia. Therefore, great efforts have been made to evaluate the impact. By making the flow of money conditional, families will send their children to school, which will solve the problem because it will provide better opportunities and have a strong correlation between education and future higher incomes. Therefore, conditional cash transfer programs are effective tools to reduce short-term poverty and improve long-term human capital. The Government of Sindh prioritizes the education sector and launched the Sindh Education Reform Programme in June 2005. In order to fulfil global commitments and achieve the Millennium Development goals (MDGs), the plan will increase the participation of schools and reduce the gender and rural-urban disparities, Improve educational effect, increase retention, complete and improve quality. Cash allowances are provided to address the gender gap and the urban-rural gap. This study attempts to assess the impact of cash transfers on the average number of students in Sindh province using the tendency score matching PSM) and the recent wave of PSLM measurements of social life in Pakistan. The results show that the cash allowance has a significant positive effect on the number of middle-level students. An assessment of the gender gap and the urban-rural gap reveals a significant disparity between the educated population in rural and urban areas, as well as in the Sindh constituency. Using the Gini Education Index, we estimate inequality in education. Although inequality fell between May 2004 and November 2010, the level is still high (more than 58% in 2010-11. The Gini coefficient in rural areas is higher than that in urban areas, indicating the gap between urban and rural education levels. The inequality of education between men and women shows that women, especially rural women, have higher levels of education. The effects of cash transfers on early childhood marriage and child labour were also observed. The findings suggest that cash benefits reduce child labour in Sindh province, but do not indicate a delay in the age of marriage for girls. Allowances are usually included in programmes to make services more suitable for resource-poor families. Poverty and the lack of viable income-generating options for girls and young women are important factors contributing to high rates of marriage among children. A growing number of projects are beginning to address this economically motivated family's daughter married at an early age. While the impact of conditional cash transfers is enormous, there are some that focus on cash transfer schemes for early child marriage and child labour with little impact. The study also examined the impact of conditional cash transfers on early marriage and child labour. The impact of cash transfers is that girls attend secondary or secondary schools, in early marriage and child labour. A survey of early child marriages showed an increase of -07 and FY 2012-13 for early marriage in fiscal year 2006 and a significant negative impact on early marriage for the year 2008. This does not mean that cash benefits are insufficient in the early days of child marriage to show that cash benefits reduce early marriage and child labour in Sindh province. This takes time to bring about the behavior of change. The effects of cash allowances on the matching of child labor use tendency scores, and the results of the study highlighted the significant negative effects of cash allowances on child labour. It can thus be concluded that the cash benefit scheme is effective in increasing enrolment rates at both the medium and medium levels and reducing child labour in Sindh province.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F135.3
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本文编号：1980578