莲藕采收加工过程下脚料的资源化利用研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 18:33

本文关键词：莲藕采收加工过程下脚料的资源化利用研究　出处：《南京中医药大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文共分为四章内容。第一章第一节概述了莲藕药用本草考证,概述古代本草书籍记载关于莲藕用药记录,发现莲藕以整个和藕节药用居多,并且多为鲜用,藕节亦有晒干后研磨成粉再用。莲藕有解热、生津止渴等功效,藕节多用于治疗咳血、呕血、吐血及便血等,此外鲜藕捣汁用于解蟹毒;第二节概述了莲属植物化学成分研究进展以及药理活性研究进展,莲富含生物碱、黄酮、萜类、糖类、蛋白质、无机元素等化学成分,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎、抗衰老、抗艾滋病毒、保肝等药理活性。第三节对莲藕采收过程中废弃物的资源利用研究的思路和方法进行了概述,重点概述了响应面曲线法和微生物转化在废弃物资源化利用过程中的应用。本章为莲藕生产与加工过程废弃物的资源化利用提供理论参考。第二章围绕莲藕资源性成分研究展开。对不同产地、不同品种莲藕以及莲藕不同部位的资源性成分进行了分析评价,包括白桦脂酸、多糖、寡糖、单糖、蛋白质、核苷氨基酸以及无机元素等。结果表明不同的莲藕样品资源性成分存在差异,主要表现为白桦脂酸以藕节部位最高,达到0.757 ±0.034%,脆质藕比粉质藕含量高;莲藕多糖含量在5.110%～10.347%;寡糖及单糖包括:果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、棉子糖、水苏糖,分析结果表明,蔗糖含量最高,达到16.223%,果糖0.777%～2.985%、葡糖糖0.589%～2.912%、棉子糖0.360%～1.700%、水苏糖0.355%～2.432%;氨基酸类成分含量较高的有:γ-氨基丁酸、L-丙氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-谷氨酸、天冬酰胺;莲藕各样品蛋白含量在1.012%～4.921%;莲藕各样品中的元素P、Na、K、Zn、Mg、Ca、Na、A1含量较高,元素总量又以藕皮中含量较高。不同干燥方法对资源性成分含量也有影响,冻干法可以较好的保存资源性成分。本章通过对莲藕资源性成分分析评价,为莲藕采收加工过程中的废弃资源综合开发利用提供参考。第三章以藕节为例,利用响应面曲线法优化莲藕中白桦脂酸和多糖的提取工艺。醇提白桦脂酸,在单因素实验的基础上,选择醇浓度、提取时间、料液比三个显著因素,设计成三因素三水平进行响应面曲线优化实验;水提多糖,在单因素实验的基础上,选择提取温度、提取时间、料液比三个显著因素,设计成三因素三水平进行响应面曲线优化实验。优化得到最佳工艺参数为:白桦脂酸采用超声提取法,乙醇浓度为无水乙醇,料液比1:50,提取时间100 min,提取1次;多糖采用水热回流提取法,提取温度95℃,料液比1:50,每次提取125 min,提取2次。本文所建立的响应面曲线模型显著(P0.05),可用于藕节中白桦脂酸和多糖提取的优化,结果准确可靠,为莲藕中资源性化成成分开发利用提供一定的数据基础。第四章对莲藕中白桦脂酸进行微生物转化,并对转化产物分离纯化、鉴定,评价转化产物的体外抗肿瘤活性,旨在探究莲藕下脚料的生物利用途径。采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS的方法对微生物转化进行分析,筛选具有转化作用的菌种;采用硅胶柱层析法分离转化产物,通过NMR和MS法解析转化产物结构特征;利用细胞分子生物学技术测定衍生物体外抗肿瘤活性。结果筛选得到一株具有转化作用的菌种,鉴定为解淀粉酶芽孢杆菌(Bacialus amyloliquefaciensFJ18),获得2个白桦脂酸的衍生产物,分别为白桦脂酸28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)和白桦脂酸28-0-[6-0-(4-基-4-氧代丁酸)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]酯(3),其中化合物3为新的衍生化合物。体外细胞毒性实验表明衍生化合物2和化合物3对A375、Hela、U251、SH-SY5Y及MCF-7体外抗肿瘤细胞的活性均有显著提高,其中化合物2的活性强于化合物3的活性。通过微生物转化的方法,从莲藕下脚料中获取附加值较高的衍生物,为莲藕下脚料开发利用提供了新的途径。通过对莲藕及下脚料中资源性化学物质进行分析研究,为明确利用莲藕下脚料资源提供数据支撑,采用响应面曲线法优化提取资源性化学成分,提高利用效率。将莲藕下脚料部位作为微生物转化的底物,开辟莲藕下脚料资源化利用的新途径,有利于推动莲藕产业的绿色发展,产生一定的社会、经济、生态效益。
[Abstract]:This paper is divided into four chapters. The first section of the first chapter of the lotus root medicinal herbal textual research, overview of ancient herbal books records about medical records found in lotus root, lotus root and the medicinal and is mostly irregular, fresh, dried, ground into also lotus root powder. Then the lotus has antipyretic, thirst and other effects. The joints for treatment of hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematemesis and melena, fresh lotus root juice in addition to solve the crab poison; section second outlines progress in research on chemical constituents and pharmacological research progress of plant lotus, lotus is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrate, protein, chemical composition of inorganic elements, anti-tumor, antioxidant. Anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti HIV, liver and other pharmacological activities. The third section of the lotus root harvest process waste resource utilization of the ideas and methods of research are summarized, mainly about the response surface curve method and. The transformation in resource utilization of waste materials in the application process. This chapter is the production and processing of lotus root resource waste and provide a theoretical reference. The second chapter focuses on the research of resource composition. Lotus root in different areas, resource components in different varieties of lotus and lotus root in different parts were analyzed, including betulinic acid. Polysaccharide, monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, protein, amino acid and nucleotide inorganic elements. The results show that the samples of different components of lotus root resource differences, mainly for betulinic acid to the highest position reached 0.757 joints, + 0.034%, crisp lotus lotus root than silty content; lotus root polysaccharide content in 5.110% ~ 10.347%; including monosaccharides and oligosaccharides: fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, analysis results showed that the sucrose content was the highest, reaching 16.223%, fructose 0.777% ~ 2.985%, 0.589% ~ 2.912% glucose and raffinose 0.36 0% ~ 1.700%, 0.355% ~ 2.432% stachyose; amino acids are: high content of gamma aminobutyric acid, L- alanine, threonine L-, L- glutamate, asparagine; lotus each sample protein content is 1.012% ~ 4.921%; lotus root element P, the samples of Na, K, Zn, Mg, Ca, Na, the higher A1 content, the total element with high content of lotus root bark. Different drying methods have effects on the content of resource components, save resource components of lyophilization can better. This chapter through the analysis and evaluation of the lotus root resource composition, to provide a reference for the lotus in the process of harvesting and processing of waste comprehensive utilization of resources. In the third chapter Oujie as an example, the extraction process of lotus root in betulinic acid and polysaccharide was optimized by response surface curve. Alcohol white betulinic acid, on the basis of single factor experiments, selection of alcohol concentration, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio of three significant factors, designed three factors and three levels Optimized surface response curve; water soluble polysaccharide, on the basis of single factor experiment, the extraction temperature, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio of three significant factors, designed three factors and three levels response surface curve. Optimize the experimental optimum parameters for the ultrasonic extraction process of betulinic acid, ethanol concentration ethanol, solid-liquid ratio 1:50, extraction time 100 min, 1 times of extraction; polysaccharide extraction by hydrothermal, extraction temperature 95, solid-liquid ratio 1:50, extraction time of 125 min, 2 times of extraction. The response surface curve model proposed in this paper significantly (P0.05), can be used for betulinic acid and the extraction of polysaccharide in the optimization results are accurate and reliable, lotus, lotus root in the development and utilization of resources of chemical components provide some basic data. The fourth chapter microbial conversion of betulinic acid in lotus root, and purified, the transformed product identification, evaluation of transformation products The antitumor activity in vitro, bio utilization aims to explore the lotus scraps. Using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS method to analyze microbial transformation, screening has transformation strains isolated by silica gel column chromatography; transformation products, transformation products structure by NMR and MS analytical method; antitumor activity determination of derivatives using cellular and molecular biology techniques. The screened strain has a transformation strain, identified as Bacillus amylase (Bacialus amyloliquefaciensFJ18), obtained 2 betulinic acid derivatives, respectively betulinic acid 28-O- beta -D- glucopyranoside (2) and betulinic acid 28-0-[6-0- (4- based -4- oxo butyric acid) - beta -D- pyran glucosyl ester] (3), compound 3 is a new compound derived. In vitro cytotoxicity experiment showed that A375 derived compounds, 2 compounds and 3 of Hela, U251, SH-SY5Y and MCF-7 All the activity of anti tumor cells in vitro significantly increased the activity of compound 2 is stronger than the activity of compound 3. By microbial transformation, to obtain high value-added derivatives from the roots of waste, and provides a new way for the development and utilization of waste of resources. Through the lotus lotus root and waste chemical analysis provide data support for the explicit use of lotus root residue resources, using the method of optimization of extracting resources of chemical constituents of response surface curve, improve the utilization efficiency of waste. The lotus root part as biotransformation substrate, open up new ways of lotus waste resource utilization, is conducive to promoting the development of green lotus industry, have a certain social, economic and ecological benefits.

【学位授予单位】：南京中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS254.9;R282.71

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