正常重力环境下人体下肢力学特性研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 14:15

本文关键词： 失重防护日常活动关节受力 Opensim 日负荷刺激量　出处：《太原理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：载人航天技术代表着一个国家科技发展水平,如何保障航天员长期在轨健康是其中一项关键技术。在微重力条件下,航天员以每月1%至2%的速度丢失骨质,特别是在下肢如股骨近端,且伴随着肌肉萎缩等严重影响。其主要原因是在微重力环境下,人体骨肌系统所承受重力负荷刺激和肌肉的牵拉刺激大大降低。尽管国际上采用了体育锻炼等多种措施进行防护对抗,但至今还无法完全防护这种效应。除技术手段的原因外,另一个重要原因在于人们对于维持肌肉和骨骼功能究竟需要什么样负荷刺激的基本问题不清楚。人类是在地球重力环境下进化的,人体骨骼的结构和功能已经完全适应地球重力环境。如果对骨骼每日所受力负荷刺激量以及维持骨骼功能所需的最低刺激量等问题还不清楚,也就无法在太空准确对抗骨丢失的发生。因此,明确日常生活中人体主要承重关节受力情况,阐明人体骨骼结构功能维持所需的刺激量,对于现有防护措施的改进和发展新型失重防护措施,提高骨丢失防护效果有着重要意义。本研究围绕正常重力环境下健康人体的髋、膝、踝关节在日常活动中受力情况进行研究,以期为微重力环境中对抗措施的研制提供一定参考。本文研究可分为两大部分:(1)通过ActivPAL3CVT设备对正常重力环境下30名从事研究工作的健康志愿者的日常活动进行为期一周的监测,监测结果表明:可将日常活动大致分为:坐与躺、站立,低强度慢走、中等强度快走、高强度跑步、坐立转换等动作;从日常活动行为习惯的角度分析,科研工作者坐与躺等静态动作占据工作日整天的70%,站立状态占据21%,相应的走路和跑步等动作仅占据9%,而且在休息日中站立与走路等动态动作占据时间都有所降低;从日常活动水平来看,无论是工作日还是休息日,均以低强度运动为主,而高等强度水平的运动最少;(2)基于Opensim人体建模技术建立10名志愿者的特定人体模型,另通过VICON光学运动采集系统捕捉分类后所定义动作的模拟数据,在Opensim中完成10名志愿者的髋、膝、踝关节受力分析,从而可以计算得到在人体在站立状态下髋、膝、踝关节平均受力为3.13 N/Kg,3.99 N/Kg,4.47 N/Kg;在一个步态周期内,低强度下走路时髋、膝、踝关节平均受力分别为4.61 N/Kg,4.47 N/Kg,4.90N/Kg;中等强度下快走时髋、膝、踝关节平均受力分别为4.75 N/Kg,4.93N/Kg,5.00 N/Kg;高强度下跑步时髋、膝、踝关节平均受力分别为5.22 N/Kg,5.38 N/Kg,5.43 N/Kg;由坐到站立的动作周期内髋、膝、踝关节平均受力为2.50 N/Kg,2.81 N/Kg,3.81 N/Kg。在求解到各类运动动作下人体髋、膝、踝关节受力情况后,进一步结合增强日负荷刺激理论进行计算,求得髋、膝、踝关节的日负荷刺激量大约为13.48 N/Kg,14.10 N/Kg,14.06 N/Kg。最终,可根据计算所得髋、膝、踝关节的日负荷刺激量来制定在微重力环境下相应的对抗锻炼措施,并可以将日负荷刺激量进行推广应用,如关于可穿戴式低负荷加载外骨骼的设计,用来增强失重防护的有效性。
[Abstract]:Manned space technology is one of the national science and technology development level, how to protect the health of astronauts in orbit long is one of the key technologies. In microgravity, the astronauts in a month from 1% to 2% of the rate of bone loss, especially in the lower extremities such as the proximal femur, and accompanied by muscle atrophy seriously affected. The main reason is the the microgravity environment, the human musculoskeletal system under gravity load stimulation and muscle stretch stimulation decreased greatly. Although the international use of physical exercise and other measures for protection against, but still can not completely prevent such effect. Because of the technical means, another important reason is that people in maintaining muscle and bone the function of exactly what kind of load stimulation basic problems unclear. Human evolution in earth gravity environment, the structure and function of human bone has been fully adapted to The ball gravity environment. If the skeletal daily stress loading amount of stimulation and the lowest stimulation required to maintain skeletal function of such problems is not clear, is not accurate in space against bone loss occurs. Therefore, clear the human daily life main bearing joint force, to stimulate the human skeleton function to maintain the amount of the existing protective measures for the improvement and development of new protective measures to improve weight loss, plays an important role in bone loss of protective effect. This study focused on the hip, the health of the human body under normal gravity environment of knee, ankle joint of stress in their daily activities, in order to provide some reference for the research in microgravity confrontation methods. This study can be divided into two parts: (1) through the daily activities of ActivPAL3CVT equipment in normal gravity environment of 30 healthy volunteers engaged in research work in time A week of monitoring, the monitoring results show that the daily activities can be roughly divided into: sitting and lying, standing, walking and low intensity, moderate intensity walking, high-intensity running, sitting conversion action; from the analysis of daily activities behavior perspective, researchers sitting and lying static action occupy 70% day work stand, occupy 21%, the corresponding movements such as walking and running accounted for only 9%, but in the rest of the day in standing and walking and other dynamic action occupy the time is reduced; from the daily activity level, whether it is day or day, all with low intensity exercise, and higher level of intensity of exercise at least (; 2) specific human model 10 volunteers Opensim human body modeling technology based on simulation data defined by the other action VICON optical motion capture acquisition system after classification, completed 10 volunteers in the Opensim of the hip, knee, ankle By force analysis and in the body section, in a standing state of hip, knee ankle joint is calculated, the average stress is 3.13 N/Kg, 3.99 N/Kg, 4.47 N/Kg; in a gait cycle, low intensity when walking, hip, knee, ankle joint average stress were 4.61 N/Kg, 4.47 N/Kg, 4.90N/Kg go; moderate strength of hip, knee, ankle joint average stress were 4.75 N/Kg, 5 4.93N/Kg, N/Kg; high intensity running hip, knee, ankle joint average stress were 5.22 N/Kg, 5.38 N/Kg, 5.43 N/Kg; from sitting to standing in the operation cycle of hip, knee, ankle joint the average stress is 2.50 N/Kg, 2.81 N/Kg, 3.81 N/Kg. in the solution to the hip, all kinds of movement under the knee, ankle joint force, to further enhance the binding of daily load stimulation theory calculation, obtained the hip, knee, ankle joint load stimulation amount is about 13.48 N/Kg, 14.10 N/Kg, 14.06 N/Kg. according to the plan. The daily load stimulation of hip, knee and ankle joints is calculated to formulate corresponding exercise measures in microgravity environment, and daily load stimulation can be applied, for example, the design of wearable low load loading exoskeleton is used to enhance the effectiveness of weightlessness protection.

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R852

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