哈尔滨市道里区老年人就医行为及影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-03-07 15:09

本文选题：老年人　切入点：就医行为　出处：《黑龙江中医药大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人口老龄化的加剧,老龄人口对医疗服务的需求也日益增加。老年人的健康与疾病状况直接影响到中国的经济和社会可持续发展。就医行为和医疗保障与老年人的生活息息相关,已经成为整个社会必须重视的问题。就医行为是医疗服务需求和医疗服务供给研究的重要组成部分,其重点是研究需求方的就医取向和方式问题。本研究通过问卷调查和访谈的方法,着重研究老年人的个人因素、心理因素、社会因素以及医疗机构因素对老年人就医行为产生的不同影响。分析老年人在不同个人因素和社会因素的影响下,对医疗机构和就医方式的差异性选择。通过调研数据分析老年人因不同的保险类型、学历、收入等而做出的不同的医疗机构、就诊方式的选择。分析医生和医院提供的服务对老年人就医体验的影响。探究老年人医疗卫生服务的需求与利用情况。找出影响老年人就医行为的主要因素,对于就医行为中存在的问题进行讨论,为老年人的医疗和就医行为提供方便。方法与对象:以哈尔滨市道里区60岁及以上老年人为研究对象,采用随机发放问卷的方式在哈尔滨市道里区穆斯林小区、迎宾小区、新城花园小区等8个小区发放问卷500份,剔除无效问卷后使用统计软件SPSS 20进行数据录入与分析。影响因素分析运用Pearson卡方检验和相关系数分析的方法,通过卡方值和相关系数值来分析哈尔滨市道里区老年人就医行为的影响因素。结果:1、哈尔滨市道里区老年人的婚姻状况、学历、收入状况及医保类型等因素影响其对就诊方式、就医地点的选择。2、哈尔滨市道里区老年人的婚姻状况、学历、收入状况及医保类型等因素在"自感病重"时对就诊方式的选择均具有差异性。不同文化程度和不同收入状况的老年人在"自感病轻"和"自感病重"时对就诊方式选择的都具有显著差异。性别与老年人"自感病轻"和"自感病重"时对就诊方式的选择无显著性差异。3、哈尔滨市道里区老年人的婚姻状况、学历、收入及医保类型等个人因素与其选择的就医地点存在相关性,其相关性因素由强到弱依次是婚姻状况、收入、医保类型和学历。而老年人的性别与就医地点的选择并无明显的相关性。结论:老年人的就医及时性和合理性存在问题,就医体验不够理想;疾病预防意识较为薄弱;对于保健品的作用存在一定的理解误区;个人医疗费用支出较高。此外,三级医院的医疗卫生资源配置明显不足,医疗机构的服务质量和服务水平也有待提高。建议应引导老年人及时、合理就医并降低老年人个人医疗费用;改善和优化医药保健品的市场环境,提高医疗机构的服务质量;合理配置医疗卫生资源。
[Abstract]:As the population ages, The health and disease status of the elderly has a direct impact on the sustainable economic and social development of China. The behavior of seeking medical care and medical security are closely related to the lives of the elderly. The behavior of seeking medical care is an important part of the research on the demand for medical services and the supply of medical services. The focus of this study is to study the orientation and methods of seeking medical treatment on the demand side. By means of questionnaires and interviews, this study focuses on the individual and psychological factors of the elderly. Social factors and medical institution factors have different effects on the elderly's medical behavior. The analysis of the elderly under the influence of different personal factors and social factors, The different choice of medical institutions and ways of visiting medical care. Through the research data, we analyze the different medical institutions made by the elderly because of different types of insurance, educational background, income, etc., To analyze the influence of the service provided by doctors and hospitals on the medical experience of the elderly, to explore the demand and utilization of medical and health services for the elderly, and to find out the main factors that affect the behavior of the elderly in seeking medical treatment. The problems existing in the behavior of seeking medical treatment are discussed in order to provide convenience for the medical treatment and medical behavior of the elderly. Methods and objects: taking the elderly aged 60 and above in Daoli District of Harbin City as the research object, Using random questionnaires, 500 questionnaires were distributed in 8 districts, such as the Muslim District, the Yingbin District, the New City Garden District, etc., in Daoli District, Harbin City. After eliminating the invalid questionnaire, the data input and analysis were carried out with the statistical software SPSS 20. The influencing factors were analyzed by Pearson chi-square test and correlation coefficient analysis. Through chi-square value and correlation coefficient value, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the elderly's medical behavior in Daoli District, Harbin City. Results the marriage status, educational background, income status and the type of medical insurance of the elderly in Daoli District, Harbin City, affect the way of visiting a doctor, such as marriage status, educational background, income status and the type of medical insurance, and so on. The choice of the place of medical treatment. 2. The marital status and educational background of the elderly in Daoli District, Harbin City. The factors such as income status and medical insurance type have differences in the choice of the way of seeing a doctor when the patients are "seriously ill". The elderly with different education and different income status visit the patients when they are "mild" and "seriously ill". There was no significant difference between gender and the elderly when they were "self-infected" or "seriously ill". There was no significant difference between them. 3. The marriage status of the elderly in Daoli District, Harbin City, was not significantly different. Personal factors, such as education, income and type of medical insurance, were correlated with the places they chose to seek medical treatment, and the related factors were marital status and income in the order of strong to weak. There is no obvious correlation between the sex of the elderly and the choice of the place of medical treatment. Conclusion: there are some problems in the timeliness and rationality of the medical visit, the experience is not good enough, the consciousness of disease prevention is relatively weak. There are some misunderstandings about the role of health care products; personal medical expenses are relatively high; in addition, the allocation of medical and health resources in tertiary hospitals is obviously inadequate. The service quality and service level of medical institutions should also be improved. It is suggested that the elderly should be guided to seek medical treatment in a timely manner and the personal medical expenses should be reduced, the market environment of medical and health products should be improved and optimized, and the service quality of medical institutions should be improved. Reasonable allocation of medical and health resources.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R195

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