护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼疾患现状与防护“知—信—行”的关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 03:32

本文选题：职业性肌肉骨骼疾患　切入点：护理人员　出处：《新疆医科大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:1.了解护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(OMD)的现状。2.分析护理人员OMD的防护“知-信-行”现状。3.探讨护理人员OMD防护“知-信-行”的影响因素。4.探讨护理人员OMD防护相关知识、防护态度和防护行为的相关性以及OMD与OMD防护“知-信-行”的关系。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2016年5月1日至8月31日从新疆乌鲁木齐市三级甲等医院中随机抽取2家综合医院和2家专科医院,应用护理人员OMD症状自评量表调查护理人员OMD发生率,应用自行设计的护理人员OMD防护相关知识、态度、行为和组织支持调查表进行护理人员OMD防护状况调查,并探讨其影响因素。结果:1.本研究共调查1342名护理人员,其OMD曾发生率、年发生率和周发生率分别为:87.93%、79.06%和66.09%。其中,OMD的好发部位主要是腰部、颈部、肩部和背部,其年发生率分别为65.35%、62.67%、54.84%和43.52%。护理人员一个部位、两个部位、三个及以上部位的年发生率分别为11.49%、15.55%和72.95%。自参加护理工作至今、近一年和近一周三个时间层面因OMD缺勤的护理人员分别为10.13%、7.89%和3.43%,其中,因腰部缺勤人数最多,缺勤率分别为6.63%、5.37%和2.16%。2.护理人员OMD防护问卷的各维度及总问卷的Cronbach’sα系数在0.833~0.977之间,折半信度在0.751~0.975之间,重测信度在0.725~0.954之间,防护相关知识、防护态度、防护行为及组织支持维度的内容效度分别为0.940、0.963、0.919和0.852,经探索性因素分析提取8个公因子,累计贡献率达73.715%。3.护理人员OMD防护相关知识总分为(38.41±13.33)分,防护态度总分为(31.84±6.27)分,防护行为总分为(43.45±9.68)分。90.24%的医院或科室无OMD防护体检制度,仅11.69%有协助病人搬运或移动的机械装置,15.35%的医院或科室组织过OMD防护技能的岗前或在岗培训。4.护理人员OMD防护“知-信-行”的影响因素分析结果:(1)单因素分析:性别、年龄、工龄、民族、文化程度、技术职称、科室、婚姻状况、生育状况、培训状况和医院性质11个因素为OMD防护“知-信-行”的影响因素。(2)logistic回归分析:文化程度、ICU、手术室、生育状况、医院性质、是否曾参加培训为OMD防护“知-信-行”的主要影响因素。5.护理人员OMD防护相关知识和防护态度、防护行为呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.178和0.312(均P0.01),防护态度和防护行为呈正相关(r=0.237,P0.01)。OMD组的护理人员防护相关知识、防护行为和防护总分均低于非OMD组的护理人员(P0.05),防护态度得分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:护理人员OMD发生率高,主要以腰部、颈部、肩部和背部损伤为主,但护理人员缺乏OMD防护相关知识,防护行为不足,且医院及科室支持不足,建议医院相关部门及护理管理者给予足够的人员配备及设备支持,并加强对护理人员OMD防护相关知识和技能的培训,引导护理人员形成正确的防护行为,促进其职业健康。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. To understand the current situation of nurses with occupational musculoskeletal diseases. 2. To analyze the current situation of OMD protection of nurses. 3. To explore the influencing factors of OMD protection for nurses. Knowledge of OMD protection, The correlation between protective attitude and protective behavior and the relationship between OMD and OMD protection. Methods: stratified cluster sampling was used. From May 1 to August 31, 2016, 2 general hospitals and 2 specialized hospitals were randomly selected from Grade 3A Hospital in Urumqi, Xinjiang. The incidence of OMD among nurses was investigated by OMD symptom Checklist (SCL-90). A self-designed questionnaire on the knowledge, attitude, behavior and organizational support of OMD protection was used to investigate the protective status of OMD among nurses and its influencing factors. Results: 1. A total of 1342 nurses were investigated in this study. The annual incidence of OMD was 79.06% and 66.09%, respectively. The most common sites of OMD were waist, neck, shoulder and back. The annual incidence rates were 65.35%, 62.67% and 43.52%, respectively. The annual incidences of the three and more parts were 11.495.55% and 72.955.The number of nurses who were absent from work for nearly one year and one week due to OMD were 10.137.89% and 3.43% respectively, among which, the number of absentees from the waist was the most. The absenteeism rates were 6.63% and 2.16%, respectively. The Cronbach's 伪 coefficient of the OMD protection questionnaire and the total questionnaire were 0.8330.97, 0.7510.95, 0.725 and 0.954, respectively. The content validity of the dimension of protective behavior and organizational support were 0.940 / 0.963N 0.919 and 0.852respectively. Eight common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 73.715.3.The total score of OMD protection related knowledge of nurses was 38.41 卤13.33, and the total score of protective attitude was 31.84 卤6.27. The total score of protective behavior was 43.45 卤9.68). 90.24% of the hospitals or departments had no OMD physical examination system. Only 11.69% (15.35%) of hospitals or departments have organized pre-service or in-service training on OMD protection skills. 4. Analysis of the influencing factors of OMD protection for nursing staff: sex, age, age, sex, age, age, sex, age, and age. Years of service, nationality, education level, technical title, department, marital status, fertility status, training status and hospital nature were the influencing factors of OMD protection. Fertility status, nature of hospital, whether have participated in training as the main influencing factors of "knowledge, faith and behavior" of OMD protection. 5. Knowledge and attitude of OMD protection of nursing staff, and protective behavior are positively correlated. The correlation coefficients were 0.178 and 0.312 (all P 0.01). There was a positive correlation between protective attitude and protective behavior. The protective behavior and the total score of protection were lower than those of the non-#en0# group, and there was no significant difference in the scores of protective attitude. Conclusion: the incidence of OMD in nursing staff is high, mainly in waist, neck, shoulder and back. However, the nurses lack the knowledge of OMD protection, the protective behavior is insufficient, and the hospital and department support is insufficient. It is suggested that the hospital relevant departments and nursing managers should provide adequate staffing and equipment support. We should strengthen the training of nurses' OMD protection knowledge and skills, guide nurses to form correct protective behavior and promote their occupational health.
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R473

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