《黄帝内经》的同构思维

发布时间：2018-07-10 12:30

本文选题：同构思维 + 三才　；参考：《北京中医药大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】："同构式"思维是中国传统哲学的重要思维方式,在以《黄帝内经》为代表的中医学理论中亦有广泛体现。该思维所支撑的抽象理论,阐释范畴间近似性而非确切性的关联,侧重描述一种结构上的相似逻辑。同构思维是广义象思维的一种模型化,是其有哲学提升意义的一处体现,然而又不能简单地用象思维来替代。其秉承象思维相对于概念思维的比喻式特征,可用于应对异质性的局限。而在整体性、抽象性及分类意义等方面,又对典型的象思维有所超越。首先在中医学的人体构造学说中,这种思维体现为一种自相同构式的认知,人体的脏与腑,五脏与形体、经脉、五官等范畴存在逻辑相似。这种关联以五行的抽象理论为基础进行分类,每一要素可根据自己所在类别的典型特质进行探究,进而发掘人体各部分之间相互影响的规律,在诊断治疗上发挥意义。其次,人受生于天地环境,在构造和运动方式上与天、地有一致特征。人体如一个微缩的宇宙,同构于整体模型,既能以人为象认知环境,也可以天为象理解自身。在这个框架下,古人提出"天人合一"的健康理念和哲学精神,倡导以天地的运动方式为范例,去实践从背离走向正常状态的回归。又如,社会关系乃至整个人文体系的建立,也有与人体同构的逻辑。而这背后,仍是人与天地一致性的整体框架。"心"兼指思维活动,与君主在地位和责任角度有相似联系,以此为中心,职能部门分别设立。这为现世政治模式提供了合理性的参照依据。再者,外部环境与人的体内环境是交互影响的,这种关系有同构对应的模式。环境对人的影响体现在时间周期和地理方位层面,具有必要的医学参考价值。而人对环境的同构式影响,古人从"同气相求"的原理进行理解,称之为"天人感应",这给社会的管理者提出了 "正心修身"的严肃要求。范畴之间的同构对应方式不止一种,并不能视为相互矛盾。具体对象有其复杂因素,是多重性质的复合体。两范畴之间,允许存在一种以上的同构方式,以不同面向来认知要素的序位,这即形成多维度的特点,可以并行参考。另外,各范畴的实际近似程度高低不一,所以并不存在全然的对应。框架大体相合以外的不整齐或不清晰部分,即产生逻辑上位于边缘的要素。这些非典型要素也需要独立分析和修正,才能保障这种思维不至狭隘。本文结合《内经》理论体系,以中医学和中国传统哲学思想中人体构造、"三才"模型、社会关系的构建、人与环境的相互影响等方面为例,解读同构思维的特征及应用意义。
[Abstract]:The thinking of "isomorphism" is an important mode of thinking in Chinese traditional philosophy, which is widely reflected in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine represented by Huangdi's Classic of Internal Medicine. The abstract theory supported by this thinking interprets the relation of approximation rather than certainty between categories and focuses on the description of a structural similarity logic. Isomorphic thinking is a kind of modelization of generalized image thinking and a reflection of its significance of philosophical promotion. However, it cannot be simply replaced by image thinking. The metaphorical characteristics of image thinking relative to conceptual thinking can be used to deal with the limitations of heterogeneity. In the aspects of integrity, abstractness and taxonomic significance, it transcends typical image thinking. Firstly, in the theory of human body construction in traditional Chinese medicine, this kind of thinking is embodied as a kind of self-isomorphic cognition, in which the viscera and the internal organs of the human body, the five viscera and the body, the meridian and the five senses are logically similar. The relationship is classified on the basis of the abstract theory of the five elements. Each element can be explored according to the typical characteristics of its own category, and then explore the law of the interaction between different parts of the human body, and play a significant role in diagnosis and treatment. Secondly, man is born in heaven and earth, and has the same characteristics in structure and movement. The human body, like a microcosm, is isomorphic to the global model, and can understand itself in both artificial and celestial images. In this framework, the ancients put forward the health concept and philosophical spirit of "the unity of nature and man", and advocated the return of practice from deviation to normal state by taking the movement of heaven and earth as an example. For example, the establishment of social relations and even the whole human system has the logic of isomorphism with the human body. And behind this, still is the whole frame that person and heaven consistency. Mind "also refers to thinking activities, similar to the monarch in terms of status and responsibility." This provides a reasonable reference for the political model of the world. Moreover, the external environment and human's internal environment are interactive, and the relationship has a corresponding pattern. The influence of environment on human is reflected in time cycle and geographical orientation, which has the necessary medical reference value. The influence of human on the environment isomorphism, which the ancients understood from the principle of "seeking for each other with the same Qi", and called it "the feeling of Heaven and Man", which put forward the serious requirement of "positive mind and self-cultivation" to the managers of society. There is more than one isomorphic correspondence between categories, which can not be regarded as contradictory. The concrete object has its complex factor and is a complex of multiple properties. Between the two categories, more than one isomorphism mode is allowed to recognize the order of elements in different directions, which forms a multi-dimensional feature and can be referred to in parallel. In addition, the actual degree of approximation varies from category to category, so there is no complete correspondence. An irregular or unclear part of the frame that is, the element that is logically at the edge of the frame. These atypical elements also need independent analysis and revision to ensure that this thinking is not narrow. Based on the theoretical system of the Internal Classic, this paper takes the human body construction, the "three talents" model, the social relationship construction and the interaction between human and environment as examples to interpret the characteristics and application significance of isomorphic thinking in Chinese traditional philosophy.
【学位授予单位】：北京中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R221

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