佩兰药材产地加工与饮片炮制生产一体化工艺研究

发布时间：2019-06-20 11:15

【摘要】：中药饮片是中医临床用药的基本形式之一,中药饮片质量的优劣直接影响着中医临床疗效的发挥。目前,中药产地加工与炮制生产相互脱节已严重影响中药饮片的生产效率及其产品质量。开展中药饮片产地加工与炮制生产一体化关键技术规范研究将为提高饮片生产效率,保证中药饮片质量提供技术支撑。佩兰为菊科植物佩兰Eupatorium fortunei Turez.的干燥地上部分。其应用历史悠久,具有芳香化湿,醒脾开胃,发表解暑等功效。佩兰药材的生产工艺为:"夏秋二季,分两次采收佩兰,除去杂质,干燥,即为佩兰药材。"佩兰饮片加工的方式为:"除去杂质,洗净,稍润,切段,干燥。"本课题针对佩兰药材和饮片加工过程中工艺重复、加工操作不规范、有效成分流失、人力物力消耗等问题,基于国家中医药行业科研专项:30种中药饮片产地加工与炮制生产一体化关键技术规范研究(201507002),开展了佩兰饮片产地加工与炮制生产一体化工艺的研究,本文的研究内容有:1.文献研究本部分对佩兰的本草考证、现代研究和文献记载的炮制工艺进行了系统的整理归纳。同时对中药材产地加工与中药炮制一体化发展历史和实施进行了概述。2.佩兰的产地调研本部分系统研究了佩兰传统和现代的主产地,分析了产地环境及气候条件,并进行了实地的调查、走访和样品采集。总结了四川、江苏、安徽、河南四个主产区的种植面积、栽培方式、采收时间、产地加工及贮藏方式。3.佩兰一体化加工生产小试本部分先选取了麝香草酚、β-石竹烯、氧化石竹烯、1-甲基-3-甲氧基-4-异丙基苯及α-石竹烯这5种挥发性成份作为测定指标,利用GC-MS法同时测定这5种挥发性指标成分,考察了晒干、阴干、微波干燥、热风烘干及红外干燥等干燥方式,以及40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃等温度对指标性成分的影响。通过TOPSIS法优选了 40℃热风烘干为最佳的干燥方式。4.佩兰一体化加工生产中试及质量评价选取同一批新鲜佩兰至上海德华饮片厂进行中试,比较了传统方式与优化条件后的差异,并考察了切段前干燥时间及切段长度对一体化饮片生产的影响。性状评价:从茎、叶、气味、饮片完整程度等方面对中试生产的一体化饮片、传统饮片和传统药材进行性状评价。挥发油含量评价:参照中国药典规定的挥发油提取法,提取并比较了一体化饮片、传统饮片和传统药材的挥发油含量。总黄酮含量评价:采用BBD响应面法结合PB实验,确定了佩兰黄酮的最佳提取方式,并利用紫外分光光度计对一体化饮片、传统饮片和传统药材的总黄酮含量进行了测定和比较。HPLC指纹图谱相似度评价:用HPLC-UV法建立了以香豆素为参照峰,建立佩兰药材化学特征的指纹图谱,为佩兰药材一体化加工提供科学依据。并对不同加工工艺的一体化饮片进行HPLC指纹图谱研究。综合评价:综合考虑饮片性状、总挥发油含量、总黄酮含量以及指纹图谱相似度,使用TOPSIS法最终确定了最佳的一体化加工工艺:综合考虑总挥发油和总黄酮含量,选用"除去杂质,适当干燥160min,切1.5cm段,干燥"的工艺。若仅考虑挥发油含量,则选用"除去杂质,适当干燥90min,切1.5cm段,干燥"的工艺。5.市售药材和饮片与一体化加工饮片质量比较研究无机元素及有害元素的含量比较研究:选用电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)测定21个产地及商品规格佩兰中13种无机元素砷(As)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、镓(Ga)、钡(Ba)、镉(Cd)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、锑(Sb)、锡(Sn)、锶(Sr)、铊(T1)的含量,并用SPSS软件对无机元素含量数据进行主成分分析及相关性研究。各样品除铅含量均未超标外,其余4种有害元素均有少量超标。不同佩兰样品中各无机元素含量差异较明显,但元素分布规律相似。HPLC指纹图谱研究:对市售药材及饮片,以及中试生产的一体化饮片进行指纹图谱相似度研究,一体化饮片和对照药材相似度为0.950,品质具有一致性。并对样品共有峰相对峰面积进行聚类分析,不同产地的佩兰不能聚成一类。这可能是由于佩兰药材品质受产地环境影响不大,为佩兰道地性不明显提供了佐证。同时提示佩兰药材的品质的形成可能与采收时间、加工方式更为密切。创新点:1.本文通过挥发油和总黄酮含量的比较,确定了半年生佩兰品质优于一年生佩兰。2.本文结合传统的外观性状、挥发油含量、总黄酮含量指标,得出佩兰一体化加工工艺为:50℃热风干燥160min后,切1.5cm的段,再50℃烘干至含水量低于10%时打包保存。若仅考虑挥发油含量,则为50℃热风干燥90min后,切1.5cm的段,再50℃干燥至含水量低于10%时打包保存。
[Abstract]:The traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces are one of the basic forms of the traditional Chinese medicine, and the quality of the Chinese medicinal decoction pieces directly influences the clinical curative effect of the traditional Chinese medicine. At present, the production efficiency and product quality of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces have been seriously affected by the disjunction between the processing of the traditional Chinese medicine and the processing and production. In order to improve the production efficiency of the decoction pieces and to provide the technical support for the quality of the Chinese medicinal decoction pieces. Peylon is the plant of the family of the family of the family of the family of the family of the family of the family of the family of paris. And a dry ground part. The application of the invention has a long history, and has the effects of being aromatic, wet, invigorating spleen, stimulating appetite, and relieving summer heat. The production process of the Peylon medicinal material is as follows: in summer and autumn, Peylon is collected twice, and impurities are removed and dried to obtain the Peylon medicinal material. The method for processing the Peylon decoction pieces comprises the following steps of: removing impurities, cleaning, slightly moistening, cutting and drying. Based on the research of the key technical specifications for processing and processing production of 30 kinds of Chinese medicinal decoction pieces (20150002), the research on the process of processing and processing the processing and processing of the Peyan decoction pieces is carried out. The research contents of this paper are as follows:1. In this part, this part of this part summarizes the research, modern research and the processing technology of Peylon's herbal research, modern research and literature. At the same time, the history and implementation of the integrated development of the processing of Chinese medicinal materials and the processing of traditional Chinese medicine are summarized. Peyan's place of origin research this part of the system studies the traditional and modern origin of the Peyan, analyzes the origin environment and the climate condition, and carries on the field investigation, visit and sample collection. The planting area, cultivation method, time of harvesting, processing and storage of the four main production areas in Sichuan, Jiangsu, Anhui and Henan are summarized. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly, selecting the five volatile components of thymol,1-caryophyllene, oxycaryophyllene,1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropyl benzene and 1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropyl benzene and 1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropyl benzene and 1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropyl benzene and 1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropyl benzene and 1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropyl benzene The effects of the temperature of 40 鈩，

本文编号：2503176