新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 04:32

本文关键词：新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用研究　出处：《新疆农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：节水是新疆水利建设的永恒主题,大力推广农业高效节水灌溉技术及提高农业高效节水灌溉系统的有效利用率是加快推进新疆水利现代化进程的必然选择。随着经济社会发展,新疆水资源开发与利用已达极限,水危机已成为制约新疆可持续发展的首要问题。农业高效节水发展事关新疆经济社会可持续发展的命脉,而农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用又是新疆农业高效节水发展的关键。近年来,虽然新疆农业高效节水建设成效显著,但农业节灌技术运行管理模式不够完善、管护资金不足,农业节水服务体系不健全,农业节水补偿激励机制未建立,农业生产经营方式需转变等问题日益突出,造成农业高效节水灌溉技术利用效益和效率不高。因此,研究新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用问题,不仅在理论上有意义,而且在实践上可以为促进新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术利用长效机制形成、推进水利现代化进程和加快新疆“新丝路”经济带核心区建设提供借鉴。目前前人对农业节水技术推广问题进行了大量研究,并取得了一定成果。但从研究侧重来看,主要体现在重微观农户角度轻宏观系统角度、重农业高效节水灌溉技术推广建设轻农业节水灌溉系统管理,尤其是对农业高效节水灌溉系统管理与长效利用的系统研究尚不多见。鉴于此,本文应用农户行为理论和制度变迁理论,结合已有国内外研究成果,首先,分析了新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术利用状况;其次,运用二元Logistic回归模型选取影响新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用的重要因素,并通过实地调研分析了不同区域影响因素的差异性,找出关键共性问题;再次,借鉴国外和新疆的成功经验,归纳总结出农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用的边界条件;最后,初步建立新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用机制。基于以上研究,提出了新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用的若干对策建议。全文研究内容主要分以下六大部分:第一部分是文章研究框架与综述部分,包括第1、2章内容。主要从农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用概念界定、5大部分研究内容设计等方面搭建以新疆农业高效节水灌溉系统长效利用为目标的研究框架。研究综述除在相关理论综述的基础上,还涉及了国内外农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用的实践内容。从已有文献研究视角上,国内外学者关于农户节水行为影响因素的研究以静态截面数据分析为主,多年跟踪动态研究较少,尚未形成系统化研究;研究内容上,国内外学者侧重农户节水行为影响因素较多,对农业高效节水灌溉技术运行管理方面的内容研究较少;研究方法上,主要侧重农户节水行为影响因素方面的模型研究,存在一定的局限性。第二部分是新疆农业高效节水建设与利用现状分析,包括第3章内容。从初步探索、快速发展和升级转型三阶段介绍新疆农业高效节水发展历程。从农业高效节水灌溉技术类型、推广面积与地域分布、推广模式、建设投资等方面分析新疆农业高效节水建设现状。通过典型县市实地调查分析新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术利用状况。第三部分是新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用影响因素分析,包括第4章内容。通过建立农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用因素集合,分析影响因素与农户节水行为关系,在此基础上,运用二元Logistic回归模型选取影响新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用的重要因素。通过北疆、东疆和南疆分区实地调研,从农户特征、要素禀赋、应用管理和政策制度四方面分析了不同区域影响因素的差异性,找出制约新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用的关键共性问题。第四部分是新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用条件分析,包括第5章内容。从推广主体多元化、推广体制一体化、推广队伍专业化、推广资金多样化、经营主体组织化、推广结构合理化和推广信息便利化七个方面阐述国外发达国家典型模式具体做法。从组织架构、职责人工和管理方式等方面阐述新疆农民合作社、农业节水服务公司、物业化管理和农民用水者协会四种成功模式的运行机制。通过国外发达国家和新疆典型模式比较与成功范例启示,归纳总结出新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用的可行条件:良好的扩散环境、完善的管理模式和积极的政策制度。第五部分是新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用机制构建,包括第6章内容。根据界定的可行条件,初步提出了新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用机制的理论框架。从模式内涵、运作机制、服务供给体系、推行激励体系、推行保障体系、绩效管理体系六大方面详细阐述了农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用机制的具体内容。第六部分是研究结论与对策建议,包括第7、8章内容。根据研究结果,从农业高效节水管理体制、生产经营方式、财政扶持政策、运行管护模式试点建设以及运行管理绩效奖惩制度五方面提出了推动新疆农业高效节水灌溉技术长效利用的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Water saving is the eternal theme of water conservancy construction in Xinjiang. Vigorously promoting the efficient agricultural water-saving irrigation technology and improving the effective utilization rate of agricultural efficient water-saving irrigation system is an inevitable choice to accelerate the modernization process of Xinjiang's water conservancy. With the development of the economy and society, the development and utilization of water resources in Xinjiang has reached its limit, and the water crisis has become the primary problem that restricts the sustainable development of Xinjiang. The development of high efficient and water-saving agriculture is closely related to the lifeblood of Xinjiang's economic and social sustainable development. And the long-term utilization of agricultural efficient and water-saving irrigation technology is the key to the development of high efficient and water-saving agriculture in Xinjiang. In recent years, although the construction of efficient water-saving agriculture in Xinjiang has achieved remarkable results, but the mode of operation and management of agricultural water-saving irrigation technology is not perfect, and lack of funds, water-saving agricultural service system is not perfect, not the establishment of agricultural water-saving compensation incentive mechanism, need to change the way of agricultural production and operation problems have become increasingly prominent, resulting in efficiency and the utilization efficiency of agricultural water saving irrigation technology is not high. Therefore, the study of Xinjiang agricultural efficient water-saving irrigation technology of long-term utilization, not only has the significance in theory, but also for the long-term mechanism to promote Xinjiang agricultural water saving irrigation technology, promote the formation of the process of water conservancy modernization and accelerate Xinjiang "Silk Road Economic Zone core area construction can provide reference in practice. At present, a lot of research has been carried out on the popularization of agricultural water-saving technology, and some achievements have been made. But from the research focus, mainly reflected light macro system in heavy micro angle, the agricultural water saving irrigation technology to promote the construction of light agricultural water-saving irrigation system management, especially the systematic research on water-saving irrigation system management and sustainable utilization is still rare. In view of this, the application of farmer behavior theory and institutional change theory, combined with the research results at home and abroad, firstly, analysis of Xinjiang agricultural water saving irrigation technology utilization; secondly, the use of two important factors Logistic regression model selection influence long-term utilization of Xinjiang agricultural water-saving irrigation techniques, and the differences of the factors affecting different regions through the analysis of investigation, find out the key problems; again, foreign and Xinjiang's successful experience, summed up the sustainable utilization of agricultural water saving irrigation technology in the boundary conditions; finally, the initial establishment of Xinjiang agricultural water-saving irrigation techniques using long-acting mechanism. Based on the above research, some countermeasures and suggestions for the long-term utilization of agricultural efficient and water-saving irrigation technology in Xinjiang are put forward. The main content of the full text is divided into six parts: the first part is the research framework and the summary of the article, including first, second chapters. Mainly from the definition of agricultural efficient water-saving irrigation technology and the 5 parts of the research content design, we set up a research framework aiming at the long-term utilization of Xinjiang's efficient water-saving irrigation system. In addition to the summary of relevant theories, the research review also involves the practical content of the long-term utilization of agricultural efficient and water-saving irrigation technology at home and abroad. From the perspective of the existing literature on the domestic and foreign scholars on Farmers' water-saving behavior research on the influencing factors of static cross-sectional data analysis, dynamic tracking research for many years, has not yet formed a systematic study; the research content, scholars focus more on impact factors of farmers' water-saving behavior, research content of agricultural water saving irrigation technology in operation and management less; the research method, research model mainly focuses on the influence factors of farmers' water-saving behavior, there are some limitations. The second part is the analysis of the current situation of agricultural efficient water saving construction and utilization in Xinjiang, including third chapters. From the three stages of preliminary exploration, rapid development and upgrading, the development process of agricultural efficient water saving in Xinjiang is introduced. From the aspects of agricultural efficient water-saving irrigation technology types, promotion area and geographical distribution, promotion mode and construction investment, this paper analyzes the present situation of Xinjiang's agriculture efficient water-saving construction. Through the field investigation of typical counties and cities, the utilization of high efficient and water-saving irrigation technology in Xinjiang is analyzed. The third part is the analysis of factors affecting the long-term utilization of agricultural efficient water saving irrigation technology in Xinjiang, including fourth chapters. By establishing a set of long term utilization factors of agricultural efficient water-saving irrigation technology, the relationship between influencing factors and farmers' water-saving behavior was analyzed. Based on that, the two yuan Logistic regression model was used to select the important factors that affect the long-term utilization of Xinjiang's high efficient water-saving irrigation technology. Through the north, East and south area of field research, from the four aspects of household characteristics, factor endowments, application management and policy system analyzes the differences of the factors in different regions, find out the key problems restricting the sustainable utilization of Xinjiang agricultural water-saving irrigation technology. The fourth part is the analysis of the long-term utilization conditions of the agricultural efficient and water-saving irrigation technology in Xinjiang, including fifth chapters. This paper expounds the specific practices of the typical models of the developed countries from seven aspects: the promotion of the main body, the promotion of system integration, the promotion of team specialization, the diversification of the funds, the organization of the business entities, the rationalization of the promotion structure and the promotion of information convenience. The operation mechanism of four successful modes of Xinjiang farmer cooperatives, agricultural water-saving service companies, property management and farmers' water users associations is expounded from the aspects of organization structure, responsibilities, labor and management mode. By comparing the typical models of foreign developed countries and Xinjiang and the inspiration from successful examples, the feasible conditions for long-term utilization of Xinjiang's efficient and water-saving irrigation technology are summarized: good diffusion environment, perfect management mode and active policy system. The fifth part is the construction of long-term efficient utilization mechanism of agricultural efficient water saving irrigation technology in Xinjiang, including sixth chapters. According to the feasible conditions defined, the theoretical framework of the long effective utilization mechanism of agricultural efficient and water-saving irrigation technology in Xinjiang is preliminarily proposed. From the pattern connotation and the operating machine
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S274

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