不同锌源调控断奶仔猪腹泻机理的研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 02:29

本文关键词：不同锌源调控断奶仔猪腹泻机理的研究　出处：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文通过三个试验研究了碱式氯化锌和纳米氧化锌在断奶仔猪上的应用和降低腹泻的作用机理。试验一选取180头初始体重为8.92 ±1.05 kg杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分为5个处理,每个处理6个重复。各处理断奶仔猪随机饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮+0、1,200、1,800、2,400和3,000mgZn/kg碱式氯化锌,试验期28d。结果表明,日粮中添加碱式氯化锌线性(P0.05)和二次(P0.05)提高了仔猪断奶后0～14和0～28 d的平均日增重(Average daily gain,ADG)和0～14d的增重耗料比(Gaintofeedratio,G:F),线性(P0.01)和二次(P0.01)降低了0～14、15～28和0～28d的腹泻率,线性(P0.05或P0.01)提高了血红蛋白含量、血清中丙氨酸转移酶和碱性磷酸酶浓度、十二指肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度:隐窝深度、肝脏和肾脏脏器指数、空肠和回肠食糜中乳酸菌和总厌氧菌数量,线性(0.05)降低了盲肠和结肠食糜中大肠杆菌数量和腓骨中锰含量,二次(P0.05或P0.01)改变了仔猪断奶后15～28 d的ADG和G:F、空肠绒毛高度、肝脏丙二醛浓度、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和总抗氧化能力。试验二选取216头初始体重为8.88±1.14 kg杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复(栏)。断奶仔猪随机采食玉米-豆粕型基础日粮+ 2,000 mg Zn/kg氧化锌和0、300、400、500、600 mg Zn/kg纳米氧化锌14 d,每栏选取一头仔猪进行屠宰,随后14 d所有仔猪均饲喂基础日粮。结果表明,纳米氧化锌线性(P0.01或P0.05)提高了仔猪断奶后0～14和0～28d的ADG、第14 d血清中的胰岛素水平、肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶和金属硫蛋白含量、回肠和盲肠食糜中乳酸菌数量、乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸水平,线性和二次(P0.01和P0.05)提高了仔猪断奶后第14 d血清中IgG和超氧化物歧化酶水平、盲肠中总厌氧菌数量,线性(P0.05或P0.01)降低了第14 d血清丙二醛水平和回肠总好氧菌数量,线性和二次(P0.01和P0.05)降低了仔猪断奶后0～14和0～28 d的腹泻率和第14 d肝脏中丙二醛含量。而在600 mg Zn/kg纳米氧化锌组与2,000 mg Zn/kg氧化锌组之间,以上提到的指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。试验三选取144头初始体重为7.40±0.84 kg杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复。各处理断奶仔猪随机饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮+0、2,000 mg Zn/kg氧化锌、1,800 mg Zn/kg碱式氯化锌和600 mgZn/kg纳米氧化锌,试验期14 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加1,800 mg Zn/kg碱式氯化锌和600 mg Zn/kg纳米氧化锌均显著降低了仔猪断奶后14 d的腹泻率、回肠中干扰素-γ(Interferon-gamma,IFN-γ),白介素-1β(Interleukin-1 beta,1L-1β),白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6),肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNNF-α)和活化B细胞的核因子κ轻链增强子(Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells,NF-κB)mRNA 的表达和结肠中微生物菌群的多样性(P0.05或P0.01),提高了空肠绒毛高度:隐窝深度、空肠中铜-锌-超氧化物歧化酶(Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase,Cu-Zn SOD))、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 1(Glutathione peroxidase 1,GPX1)、紧密连接蛋白-1(Zonula occludens protein-1,ZO-1)、闭合蛋白(Occludin)、细胞周期依赖激酶4(Cyclin-dependentkinase 4,CDK4)mRNA的表达和结肠中厚壁菌门和乳杆菌属的相对比例(P0.05或P0.01)。与2,000 mg Zn/kg氧化锌组相比,1,800 mg Zn/kg碱式氯化锌组和600 mg Zn/kg纳米氧化锌组的断奶仔猪在空肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度:隐窝深度、ZO-1、CDK4、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase3)mRNA表达,回肠IFN-γmRNA表达,结肠微生物菌群丰度和核心微生物菌群上均无显著差异(P0.05)。综上,本研究表明,断奶仔猪日粮中连续28 d添加1,200～1,800 mg Zn/kg碱式氯化锌能促进生长和降低腹泻,但超过2,400 mg Zn/kg可能会引起仔猪轻度中毒;600 mg Zn/kg纳米氧化锌在提高断奶仔猪生长和降低腹泻上可达到2,000 mg Zn/kg氧化锌的效果;碱式氯化锌和纳米氧化锌降低仔猪断奶腹泻可能是通过促进肠道发育、提高肠道抗氧化和屏障功能、抑制肠道炎症因子表达和调节肠道微生物菌群丰度和多样性来实现。
[Abstract]:This paper studied the application of three basic zinc chloride and nano Zinc Oxide in weaned piglets and the mechanism of reducing diarrhea. A test selected 180 head initial body weight was 8.92 + 1.05 kg Duroc * Landrace * Yorkshire weaned piglets were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 6 replicates of each treatment. The treatment of weaned piglets random fed corn - soybean meal based diet +0,1200,1800,2400 and 3000mgZn/kg basic zinc chloride, 28d. test results show that the addition of zinc chloride linear ration (P0.05) and two (P0.05) increased weaning after 0 ~ 14 and 0 ~ 28 d, the average daily weight gain (Average daily, gain, ADG) and 0 ~ 14d weight gain feed consumption ratio (Gaintofeedratio, G:F), linear (P0.01) and two (P0.01) decreased by 0 ~ 14,15 ~ 28 and 0 ~ 28d, the rate of diarrhea, linear (P0.05 or P0.01) to improve the hemoglobin content, enzyme and alkaline phosphatase in serum alanine transfer The concentration of duodenal villus height and villus height, crypt depth, liver and kidney index, the number of lactic acid bacteria and total anaerobic bacteria in jejunum and ileum chyme, linear (0.05) decreased the contents of Mn and the number of Escherichia coli in the cecum and colon digesta of fibula in two (P0.05 or P0.01) changed after weaning 15 28 d ADG and G:F, the villus height of jejunum, liver malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity. Two test selected 216 head initial body weight was 8.88 + 1.14 kg Duroc * Landrace * Yorkshire weaned piglets were randomly divided into 6 treatments with 6 replicates (bar) weaned piglets were. Feed corn - soybean meal based diet + 2000 mg Zn/kg 0300400500600 mg Zn/kg Zinc Oxide and Zinc Oxide 14 nanometer D, each column selected piglets were slaughtered, then 14 d all piglets were fed the basal diet. The results show that nano oxide Linear zinc (P0.01 or P0.05) increased after weaning 0~14 and 0 to 28d ADG fourteenth, D in the serum insulin levels, liver superoxide dismutase and metallothionein content, the number of lactic acid bacteria in ileum and caecum digesta, acetic acid and total volatile fatty acid levels, and two times (P0.01 line and P0.05) increased after weaning fourteenth D serum IgG and superoxide dismutase levels, the number of total anaerobic bacteria in the cecum, linear (P0.05 or P0.01) to reduce the number of fourteenth D serum malondialdehyde level and ileal total aerobic bacteria, linear and two (P0.01 and P0.05) were reduced after weaning 0~14 and 0~28 D and fourteenth D diarrhea rate in liver and the content. In 600 mg Zn/kg and 2000 mg Zn/kg nano Zinc Oxide group Zinc Oxide group, there were no significant differences between the above mentioned indexes (P0.05) test. Three select 144 head initial body weight was 7.40 + 0.84 kg Du x Long * large weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates of each treatment. Weaned piglets were fed corn soybean meal based diet +0,2000 mg Zn/kg Zinc Oxide mg, 1800 Zn/kg and 600 mgZn/kg nano zinc chloride 14 d. Zinc Oxide, test results show that, compared with the control group, add 1800 mg Zn/kg basic zinc chloride and 600 mg nano Zn/kg Zinc Oxide diet were significantly decreased by 14 d the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets, interferon gamma in the ileum (Interferon-gamma, IFN-, gamma) interleukin -1 beta (Interleukin-1 beta beta, 1L-1), interleukin -6 (Interleukin-6, IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNNF- a) and B cell activation of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer (Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NF- K B) diversity expression and mRNA in colonic microflora (P0.05 or P0.01), Increased villus height: crypt depth, copper zinc superoxide dismutase in jejunum (Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase), Cu-Zn SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Glutathione 1 peroxidase 1, GPX1), -1 (Zonula occludens tight junction protein protein-1, ZO-1), occluden (Occludin), cell cycle dependent kinase 4 (4 Cyclin-dependentkinase, CDK4) expression and colon mRNA thick ratio of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus (P0.05 or P0.01). Compared with the 2000 mg Zn/kg Zinc Oxide group, 1800 mg Zn/kg alkali type zinc chloride group and 600 mg Zn/kg nano Zinc Oxide group weaned piglets in the villi of the jejunal villus height, height: crypt depth, ZO-1, CDK4, caspase 3 (Caspase3) mRNA expression, IFN- expression in ileum gamma mRNA, colonic microbiota abundance and core microflora were no significant difference (P0.05). In summary, this research The result shows that a diet of weaned piglets in 28 consecutive D add 1200 ~ 1800 mg Zn/kg basic zinc chloride can promote growth and reduce the diarrhea, but more than 2400 mg Zn/kg may cause mild poisoning in piglets; 600 mg Zn/kg nano Zinc Oxide in improving the growth and decrease diarrhea can reach 2000 mg and Zinc Oxide Zn/kg the effect of weaning piglets; reduce the basic nano zinc chloride and Zinc Oxide post weaning diarrhea may be through the promotion of intestinal development, improve antioxidant and intestinal barrier function, inhibit intestinal inflammatory factor expression and regulation of intestinal microflora of abundance and diversity to achieve.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S858.28

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