北京森林生态系统对PM＿（2.5）等颗粒物的干湿沉降过程及其模型研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 18:06

  本文关键词：北京森林生态系统对PM＿（2.5）等颗粒物的干湿沉降过程及其模型研究　出处：《北京林业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： PM_(2.5) 森林生态系统 EC OC DRY Deposition模型 干湿沉降

【摘要】：PM2.5污染是一种严重的大气污染问题,无论是来源于自然还是人为活动的PM2.5都会给动、植物及人体健康带来危害。森林作为一定程度上可以阻滞吸附PM2.5等颗粒物的一种重要媒介,研究森林对PM25等颗粒物的吸附沉降效果具有非常重要的作用。本研究以北京市鹫峰国家森林公园,奥林匹克森林公园南园,北京林业大学校内和校园门口为研究地点,以油松林、灌木林、草地、毛白杨油松混交林和毛白杨林作为主要研究对象,测量PM2.5等颗粒物的浓度和成分,利用模型对沉降速度和沉降通量进行模拟分析,研究了在不同类型森林生态系统下PM2.5等颗粒物的浓度变化规律和PM2.5中成分变化规律,得到了不同类型森林生态系统的沉降量和沉降速度,并初步建立林带阻滞吸附颗粒物的沉降分层模型,为研究森林阻滞吸附颗粒物的能力和建设阻滞吸附颗粒物为目的的森林生态系统提供一定的参考。(1)北京市不同地点的PM2.5浓度变化不同,体现为交通干道PM2.5浓度高,郊区点鹫峰国家森林公园的浓度低于城市点奥林匹克森林公园的浓度。PM2.5浓度的不同季节的日变化有所不同,奥林匹克森林公园夏季PM2.5呈现出上午较高,下午略低,傍晚较低的变化趋势。秋季PM2.5浓度呈现出上午先升高,后降低,正午略有升高,下午3点后有所下降的双峰趋势。(2)北京冬季的PM2.5和PM1.o浓度,处于一年中四季浓度最大值。12月、1月、2月PM2.5和PM1.0浓度为全年最高,10月、11月和3月PM2.5和PM1.0浓度也较大,属于第二梯度,6月、7月和8月三个月份的PM2.5和PM1.0浓度为全年最低值。北京市不同类型的森林生态系统对PM2.5的影响不同,春季植被处于萌芽期,叶片的面积和数量均发芽期,不同类型森林生态系统的中,观察不到显著的PM2.5浓度差异。在植物的全叶期,PM2.5浓度大小为：毛白杨油松混交林油松林毛白杨林。(3)EC在采暖季和非采暖季的06:00-10:00这个车流高峰时间段内,EC的值是一个峰值,说明汽车尾气是EC的一个重要来源。采暖季的EC浓度要高于非采暖季,煤炭的燃烧和汽车尾气的大量排放共同造成采暖季EC浓度高。并且采暖季EC和OC的浓度在18:00-06:00的时间段非常高。冬季植被处于无叶期,林内的EC油松林毛白杨油松混交林毛白杨林,灌木林、草地、阔叶林三者浓度很高,之间差异很小。秋季植被处于落叶期,林内的OC浓度油松林毛白杨油松混交林毛白杨林。(4)对于不同类型森林生态系统的沉降速度,春季：毛白杨油松混交林油松林毛白杨林草地(马兰花)灌木林(榆叶梅)。夏季：毛白杨油松混交林油松林毛白杨林灌木林草地；秋季：油松林毛白杨油松混交林毛白杨林灌木林草地。(5)春季湿沉降通量相对比较小,夏秋季的湿沉降通量较大。油松林的沉降通量在春季的3月份是最大的,在4月份也是占据主要位置,5月份毛白杨油松混交林的沉降通量是最大760kg/(km2yr)。夏季6月份,油松林的湿沉降通量是11430kg/(km2yr),毛白杨油松混交林是11530 kg/(km2yr)。秋季9月份,油松林的湿沉降通量是7280kg/(km2yr),毛白杨油松混交林是7120 kg/(km2yr)。模型计算结果与浓度梯度法相比,有差异,但趋势基本一致,模型模拟结果略小于分层模型模拟结果。(6)北京市城市公园的白天和夜间的沉降量可以看出,2月白天和夜间的沉降量最小,2月白天的沉降量为86±39kg/d,2月夜间日沉降量为52±22kg/d,8月白天和夜间的沉降量最大,8月白天日沉降量为1203±556 kg/d,8月夜间日沉降量为569±289kg/d,北京市不同行政区绿地年度沉降量为延庆区,密云区,怀柔区沉降量最大,在房山区,昌平区,门头沟区,平谷区沉降量次之,其他区县较小,最小的是东城区和西城区。而且月份之间的比较显示,各区县6月沉降量最大,5月、8月、9月次之。北京市城区范围内,二环,三环,四环,五环,六环总的沉降量为,二环内为26261±12921Kg,三环内的沉降量为65636±32121Kg,四环内的沉降量为131272±60128Kg,五环内的沉降量为262544±12029Kg,六环内的沉降量为550765±229382 Kg。
[Abstract]:PM2.5 pollution is a serious air pollution problems, either from natural or human activities PM2.5 will give, bring harm to plants and human health. As an important medium of forest to a certain extent can block the adsorption of PM2.5 particles, the adsorption of PM25 on forest particles sedimentation effect is very an important role. The research on Beijing City in Jiufeng National Forest Park, the Olympic Forest Park Park, Beijing Forestry University campus and the campus gate as the research site, in pine forest, shrub, grass, pine poplar mixed forest and poplar forest as the main research object, concentration and composition measurement of PM2.5 particles, the settling velocity and sedimentation flux by simulation analysis using the model, random component changes in forest ecosystem under different types of PM2.5 particles on the concentration variation and PM2.5 The law has been the settlement of different types of forest ecosystems and settling velocity, settling the hierarchical model and established forest block adsorption particles, for the adsorption capacity and the construction of block particles of forest block adsorption particles to provide a reference to the forest ecosystem. (1) the change of PM2.5 concentration in Beijing city the different locations of the different roads, reflects the high concentration of PM2.5, diurnal variation in different seasons and concentration of.PM2.5 concentration in suburbs of Jiufeng National Forest Park below the city point in the Olympic Forest Park is different from the Olympic Games, Lin PEAK Forest Park in summer PM2.5 was higher in the morning and afternoon is slightly lower, the change trend of low PM2.5 concentration showed a fall in the evening. The morning first increased and then decreased, it increased slightly, the trend of Shuangfeng declined after 3 pm. (2) the Beijing winter PM2.5 and PM1.o concentration, in a The maximum concentration of.12 years four months, in January February, PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentration was the highest in October, November and March, PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentration gradient is large, which belongs to the second, June, July and August three months of PM2.5 and the concentration of PM1.0 was the lowest. The effects of different types of forest ecosystem in Beijing city PM2.5 of different spring vegetation at the beginning stage, the area and the number of leaves was the germination stage, in different types of forest ecosystems, not observed significant differences in PM2.5 concentration in plants. The whole leaf period, the concentration of PM2.5 was as follows: Poplar pine mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis forest of Populus tomentosa plantations (3). EC in the heating season and non heating season 06:00-10:00 the peak traffic period, the value of EC is a peak, the car exhaust is an important source of EC. The EC concentration in heating season than in non heating season, coal combustion and automobile tail gas emissions were With the heating season caused by high concentrations of EC. EC and OC concentration and heating season during the time period of 18:00-06:00 is very high. The winter vegetation in leaf stage in EC Pinus tabulaeformis forest poplar mixed forest of poplar forest, shrub forest, grassland, broadleaf forest three concentration is high, the difference between the autumn is very small. In the forest vegetation deciduous period, the concentration of OC in Pinus tabulaeformis poplar mixed forest of Populus tomentosa Plantation. (4) for settling velocity, different types of forest ecosystems in spring: Poplar mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis forest of poplar forest and grassland (Ma Lanhua) Bush (Yu Yemei). In summer poplar mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis poplar forest shrub forest grassland; autumn: Pinus tabulaeformis forest of poplar mixed forest of poplar forest shrub forest grassland. (5) in wet deposition flux is relatively small, the summer and autumn of wet deposition flux is larger. The deposition flux of Pinus tabulaeformis forest in the spring of March is the most Large, in April also occupy the main position, the deposition flux of mixed forest of Populus tomentosa in May is the largest 760kg/ (km2yr). In the summer of June, pine oil in the wet deposition flux is 11430kg/ (km2yr), poplar mixed forest is 11530 kg/ (km2yr). In the fall of September, pine oil in the wet deposition flux is 7280kg/ (km2yr), poplar mixed forest is 7120 kg/ (km2yr). The calculated results compared with the concentration gradient method is different, but the trend is basically the same, the simulation results are slightly smaller than the hierarchical model simulation results. (6) the city of Beijing City Park during the day and night settlement can be seen, the settlement in February day and night at the minimum, the settlement of the February day was 86 + 39kg/d, on the night of February, the settlement was 52 + 22kg/d, the settlement in August the day and night, on the August day settlement is 1203 + 556 kg/d, 8 night vivax settlement of 569 + 289kg/d, Beijing City The same year the settlement of administrative region green space for the District of Yanqing, Miyun District, Huairou District, the largest settlement, in Fangshan District, Changping District, Mentougou District, Pinggu District, the settlement of other counties is small, the smallest is Dongcheng District and Xicheng District. And in between the comparison showed that the County in June May, the largest settlement in August. September. Beijing city within the city, the second ring, ring, ring, ring, ring six of the total settlement, the ring is 26261 + 12921Kg, the settlement within the third ring road was 65636 + 32121Kg, the settlement within the city of Victoria is 131272 + 60128Kg, the settlement within five rings was 262544 + 12029Kg. The settlement within six rings is 550765 + 229382 Kg.

【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S718.55;X513
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本文编号：1370324