广西丘陵坡地糖料蔗耗水规律及滴灌研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 04:40

本文关键词：广西丘陵坡地糖料蔗耗水规律及滴灌研究　出处：《广西大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：广西是我国糖料蔗主产区。为促进蔗糖产业发展,广西正全力推进蔗区水利现代化建设。由于蔗区大部分分布在丘陵坡地上,传统渠道灌溉难以适用,需要大规模发展高效节水灌溉。滴灌通过滴头直接将水或水肥混合液均匀地、精确地输送到作物根部,具有节省劳力、节水增产等特点,配合糖料蔗宽窄行种植、水肥一体化等农艺措施,极大地促进了蔗区的高产和稳产,是广西丘陵坡地蔗区水利现代化建设重点推广的灌溉技术模式之一。然而,广西蔗区滴灌发展起步较晚、相关研究缺乏、实践积累不足,加之糖料蔗生育特性、气象特征、土壤类型、地形条件等方面的差异,在糖料蔗耗水及灌溉需水规律、田间滴灌带关键技术参数选取、丘陵坡地田间管网优化设计和调压技术等方面缺乏研究成果支撑,导致广西蔗区发展滴灌过程中呈现水土不服,影响了滴灌技术的推广。为解决上述问题,本论文主要完成以下研究工作：(1)基于作物耗水及农田水量平衡理论,利用Penman-Monteith公式和糖料蔗不同生育期的作物系数,研究了糖料蔗不同生育期的耗水规律,并构建蔗田土壤水量平衡分析模型,提出了糖料蔗不同生育期的灌溉需水规律。在此基础上,分析了蔗区降雨量、降雨结构变化对蔗区干旱发生频次的影响,认为未来干旱对糖料蔗生产的威胁将进一步加剧。(2)基于土壤水分运移机理,开展蔗区代表性土壤滴灌条件下的水分运移规律土柱试验,并结合HYDRUS-3D建模计算分析,研究了蔗区土壤水分运移的主要规律,分析了滴灌条件下蔗区土壤湿润体的大小、形状及灌水均匀性的主要影响因素,提出了蔗区滴灌带合理参数的取值标准以及糖料蔗不同生育期适宜的灌水时间、灌水量等指标。(3)基于多孔管水力计算方法,在田间试验的基础上构建了田间管网水力解析模型,分析了滴灌带基本参数对灌水均匀性的影响,研究了入口压力、布设形式、坡度对田间管网水力分布的影响,提出了丘陵坡地蔗区田间管网的适宜布设模式。并在此基础上,研发了一种支管调压装置,分析了其调压效果,认为该装置可在丘陵坡地田间管网建设中采用。通过相关研究,本论文在以下方面有所创新：(1)系统的研究了糖料蔗耗水及灌溉需水规律,提出了不同灌溉保证率条件下广西糖料蔗主产区的灌溉制度；(2)通过室内土柱试验与HYDRUS-3D模拟计算方法相结合,首先系统的研究了广西蔗区土壤滴灌条件下的水分运移规律,提出了蔗田滴灌带设计参数取值的标准以及糖料蔗不同生育期适宜的灌水时间、灌水量等指标；(3)研发了一种支管调压设备,该设备巧妙利用通过改变管道水力条件造成的局部水头损失调节支管压力,具有结构简单、投资省、维护方便、可直接埋于地下等特点,可在丘陵坡地田间管网建设中采用。
[Abstract]:Guangxi is the main producing area of sugar cane in China. In order to promote the development of sugar industry, Guangxi is to promote the modernization of water conservancy construction. Because the sugarcane sugarcane area mostly in hilly slopes, it is difficult to apply the traditional channel irrigation, large-scale development of efficient water-saving irrigation. Drip drip through direct water or liquid fertilizer mixed evenly and accurately transported to the root of the crop, with labor saving, water saving and other characteristics, with sugar cane row planting, fertilizer integration and other agronomic measures have greatly promoted the sugarcane area of high and stable yield, is one of the irrigation mode in Guangxi hilly upland sugarcane area focus on the promotion of water conservancy modernization. However, the development of drip irrigation in Guangxi sugarcane area started late the related research, lack of practice, the lack of accumulation and sugar cane growth characteristics, meteorological characteristics, soil types, different terrain conditions, water consumption and irrigation in Sugarcane The law of water, selection of key technical parameters of field drip irrigation belt, hilly slope field pipe network optimization design and pressure regulating technology and other aspects of the lack of research support, leads to the development of drip irrigation in Guangxi sugarcane area The climate does not suit one. process, affecting the promotion of drip irrigation technology. To solve the above problems, this paper mainly completed the following work: (1) consumption of crops water and soil water balance based on the theory, by using the Penman-Monteith formula and the sugar cane crop coefficient in different growth stages, study the law of water consumption of sugar cane in different growth stages, and the construction of sugarcane soil water balance analysis model, put forward the sugarcane in different growth stages of irrigation water requirement law. On this basis, analysis of the sugarcane area effect of rainfall, rainfall structure change frequency on sugarcane drought, drought that threatens the future of sugar cane production will be further intensified. (2) based on the soil moisture transport machine Daniel, carry out water migration of soil column experiment sugarcane area representative soil under drip irrigation, combined with the HYDRUS-3D modeling calculation and analysis, mainly studied sugarcane region soil moisture migration, analyzes the size of soil moist sugarcane body under drip irrigation, irrigation uniformity and shape of the main effecting factors, put forward the sugarcane area reasonable parameters of drip irrigation and irrigation time of sugar cane in different growth period for the index of irrigation amount. (3) based on the hydraulic calculation method of porous tube, based on field experiment, which builds up the hydraulic analysis model, analyzed the basic parameters of drip irrigation uniformity effect, on the entrance pressure, layout, slope of the hydraulic distribution, and put forward the suitable layout patterns of sugarcane field network slope hills. And on this basis, developed a branch pipe pressure regulating device, analysis The pressure regulating effect, this device can be used in the hilly slope field network construction. Through research, this paper has the following innovations: (1) the system of sugar cane water consumption and irrigation water requirement, put forward different irrigation irrigation system of Guangxi sugar cane material producing area ratio; (2) through the indoor soil column experiment and HYDRUS-3D simulation method combining the first systematic study on the law of water transport in Guangxi sugarcane area soil under drip irrigation condition, put forward the design parameter of sugarcane drip irrigation time standard and sugarcane in different growth period for the index of irrigation; (3) research and development of a branch pipe pressure regulating equipment, the equipment using the local head loss caused by changing the conditions of the pipeline hydraulic manifold pressure regulator, has the advantages of simple structure, saving investment, convenient maintenance, can be directly buried underground. It can be used in the construction of field pipe network in Hilly and sloping fields.

【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S566.1;S275.6

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