后备母猪适宜净能需要量的研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 06:26

本文关键词：后备母猪适宜净能需要量的研究　出处：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究后备母猪初情启动以及配种两个阶段适宜的净能需要量,并研究母猪能量摄入不足或过量引起的母猪血液内分泌激素和代谢产物的差异以及能量对卵母细胞质量的影响。本论文包括3个试验:(1)试验一研究后备母猪在初情启动阶段日粮净能水平对其生长性能和繁殖性能的影响,确定后备母猪初情启动适宜的净能需要量。试验选取120头长×大二元杂交后备母猪(体重84.0 ± 2.4 kg,日龄150.4 ± 3.5 d)。根据初始体重,按照随机区组试验设计分为5个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复4头猪。对应日粮净能水平分别为2174(处理1)、2274(处理2)、2374(处理3)、2474(处理4)和2574(处理5)kcal/kg。结果表明,初情体重和背膘厚度都随着日粮能量水平的增加而增加(处理P0.05;线性P0.05)。母猪的初情日龄(Age atfirstestrus)随着日粮能量水平的增加呈线性和二次降低(处理P0.05;线性P0.05;二次P0.05)。当母猪达到最低初情日龄时,相对应的日粮净能水平为2424kcal/kg。5个处理的发情率分别为54%、70%、88%、91%和58%。(2)试验二研究能量对后备母猪配种阶段生长性能及繁殖性能的影响,确定后备母猪配种阶段的适宜净能需要量。试验选取120头初次发情日龄相近的长×大二元杂交后备母猪(日龄175.0±3.5 d,体重99.0±2.5 kg),随机分为5个处理,每个处理24头猪。5个处理对应日粮净能水平分别为2174(处理1)、2274(处理2)、2374(处理3)、2474(处理4)和2574(处理5)kcal/kg。结果表明,母猪的配种体重和背膘厚度随着日粮能量水平的增加而显著增加(处理P0.05;线性P0.05)。母猪的配种日龄(Age at mating)随着日粮能量水平的增加呈二次降低(处理P0.05;二次P0.05)。5个处理中,发情动物数、配种率、妊娠率均为处理3最高。处理1、处理5的总产仔数和活仔数(P0.01)显著低于中间三组。二次曲线回归分析结果为:当母猪达到最低配种日龄、最高初生窝重和最小窝内变异,相对应的日粮净能水平为2378、2435和2380 kcal/kg,三个指标平均值为2398 kcal/kg。(3)试验三研究后备母猪在初情启动阶段摄入能量不足或过量对其血液中生殖激素、生化指标和卵母细胞质量的影响,并通过使用代谢组学技术来分析血液代谢组的变化。根据试验一的结果,选定低能组(处理1)、中能组(处理3)和高能组(处理5)三个处理的母猪。结果表明:低能组促黄体素脉冲频率数显著低于中能组和高能组(0.05)。低能组母猪血中葡萄糖浓度有低于中能组和高能组的趋势(P=0.08)。高能组中瘦素水平显著低于中能组和低能组(P0.01)。高能组甘油三酯水平(P0.01)、甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比例显著高于其它两组(P0.01)。血清代谢组差异代谢物主要为鞘磷脂代谢相关物质、棕榈酸代谢相关产物以及胆汁酸代谢相关产物。低能组中神经酰胺及磷脂酰乙醇胺的大幅下调。高能组中胆汁酸和鞘氨醇代谢紊乱,如二氢鞘氨醇、神经酰胺等变化幅度较大;磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酰甘油均大幅下调。中能组的卵母细胞数(P0.01)、A级和B级卵母细胞比例(P0.01)显著高于其它两组。综上所述,后备母猪初情启动及配种时的适宜日粮净能需要量分别为2424和2398 kcal/kg;能量摄入不足会引起母猪血中葡萄糖和胆固醇浓度过低,导致促黄体素分泌不足,使母猪的发情推迟或不发情。能量过量会引起血中瘦素水平过低,致使母猪发情推迟或不发情;摄入能量不足或过量均会降低母猪的卵母细胞质量。
[Abstract]:To study the gilts at estrus and mating two stages for net energy requirement of the test, and study the energy difference of sows inadequate or excessive intake of swine caused by blood endocrine hormones and metabolites and energy on oocyte quality. This paper includes 3 experiments: (1) a study in the early stage of gilts starting diets can affect the level of net growth performance and reproductive performance of gilts, determine the appropriate early start net energy requirement. The experiment selects 120 head length * large crossbred gilts (weight 84 + 2.4 kg + 3.5 D, 150.4 days old). According to the initial weight, according to the randomized block design is divided into 5 treatments with 6 replicates of 4 pigs per replicate. The corresponding dietary net energy levels were 2174 (1), 2274 (2), 2374 (3), 2474 (4) and 2574 (5) kcal/kg. The results show that the early body weight and backfat thickness increased with dietary energy levels increased (P0.05; linear P0.05). Sow puberty age (Age atfirstestrus) with increasing dietary energy level is linear and two times lower (P0.05; linear P0.05; two P0.05) when. Sows reached the lowest puberty age, net energy levels for 2424kcal/kg.5 treatment of estrus rate were 54%, 70%, 88% diets corresponding to the 91% and 58%. (2) impact energy test two on growth performance and reproductive performance of sow breeding stage, determine the gilts breeding stage for net energy the demand. The experiment selects 120 head first estrus at similar age long * large crossbred gilts (age 175 + 3.5 D, weight 99 + 2.5 kg), were randomly divided into 5 treatments, each treatment 24 pigs.5 processing corresponding diets net energy levels were 2174 (1) (2274. 2), 2374 (3), 2474 (4) and 2574 (5) kcal/kg. results showed that sows mating weight and backfat thickness increased with increasing dietary energy levels (P0.05; linear P0.05). Sow breeding age (Age at mating) with the increase of day dietary energy levels were two times lower (P0.05; two P0.05).5 treatment, the number of animal estrus, breeding rate, pregnancy rate of treatment 3 was highest. 1, total 5 litter number and the number of live piglets (P0.01) was significantly lower than that of the middle three group. Two regression analysis results as the sow reached the lowest breeding age, birth weight and the highest variation in nest, diet corresponds to the net energy level of 23782435 and 2380 kcal/kg, three indicators of the average value of 2398 kcal/kg. (3) test of three gilts in the early of the start-up phase of energy intake on reproductive blood deficiency or excess in hormone, students Effect of chemical index and the quality of oocytes, and through the use of metabolomics to analyse the change of blood metabolomics technology. According to the test results, the selected low energy group (treatment 1), can group (treatment 3) and high-energy group (treatment 5) three treatment sows. The results showed that: low energy group of luteinizing hormone pulse frequency was significantly lower than that in group and high group (0.05). The concentration of glucose in the blood can have low energy group sows group and high-energy group was lower than the trend (P=0.08). High levels of leptin were significantly lower than in group and low energy group (P0.01). High levels of triglyceride (P0.01), group triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (P0.01). The difference of serum metabolic metabolites of sphingomyelin metabolism related substances, palmitic acid metabolism related products and bile acid metabolism related products. Low energy group ceramide and phosphatidylethanolamine Reduced bile acid and sphingosine metabolism disorder. High energy group, such as two hydrogen sphingosine ceramide changed greatly; phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidyl glycerol are substantially reduced. In the group of oocytes (P0.01), the proportion of oocytes grade A and B (P0.01) was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. To sum up, gilts at estrus and mating for the net energy requirement is respectively 2424 and 2398 kcal/kg diets; insufficient intake of energy will cause the low concentration of glucose and cholesterol in the blood of sows, leading to inadequate secretion of luteinizing hormone, to sow oestrus delayed or not estrus. Energy may cause excessive levels of leptin in the blood is too low, resulting in delayed or non estrus of sows estrus; insufficient or excessive intake of energy will reduce the quality of oocytes of sows.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S828.5

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