新疆四个石榴栽培品种种子的萌发特性及氧化模式的变化

发布时间：2018-01-08 21:34

本文关键词：新疆四个石榴栽培品种种子的萌发特性及氧化模式的变化　出处：《北京林业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：石榴(Punica granatum L.)是一种重要的经济作物,在世界各地广泛种植。近年来,石榴产业在新疆发展迅速,但品质差、产量低仍是制约新疆石榴产业发展的重要因素。种子是植物最重要的遗传资源,阐明种子的结构、休眠机制和萌发特性对选育和开发植物优良品种意义重大。本课题选取新疆石榴产区的喀什-阿克齐石榴(Ⅰ)、叶城-酸石榴(Ⅱ)、和田-策勒1号(Ⅲ)和吐鲁番-酸石榴(Ⅳ)四个主要栽培品种,系统研究了其种子的外部形态、内部解剖结构、吸水特性和萌发特性,并对种子在打破休眠过程中次生代谢产物含量及酶活性变化的模式进行了深入探究,主要结果如下：(1)分别比较了新疆四个石榴品种种子的外部形态特征和不同阶段、不同处理的种子解剖结构。实验结果表明,四个石榴栽培品种种子的颜色和形状相似,颜色呈乳白色,形状为不规则的钝角形。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ三个品种的种子的长度、宽度和百粒重与Ⅳ品种种子之问存在显著性差异,而Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ三个品种种子之间无显著性差异。四个石榴品种种子可分为种皮和胚两部分,其中,休眠期种胚的两片子叶较萌发期旋卷紧密；由蒸馏水处理后萌发的种胚发育正常,但经外源H202和NO处理后萌发的种子的子叶均表现出明显弯曲,表明H202和NO可能参与胚的发育过程。(2)通过比较不同处理方法对石榴种子的萌发影响,探明石榴种子的休眠类型。成熟的四个石榴栽培品种的种子的萌发百分比仅为16%-20%。干燥储藏(后熟)、低温干藏、外源NO、H2O2、外源激素、浓H28O4酸蚀、浓H2SO4酸蚀+低温层积、低温层积以及暖温+低温层积均可在不同程度上起到促进石榴种子萌发的作用,其中浓H2SO4中浸泡40 min+低温层积2个月可使萌发百分比达到65%,而暖温层积(1-3个月)+低温层积(2个月)可使萌发百分比升高至75%-80%。上述不同处理方式对石榴种子萌发的结果表明石榴种子的胚发育完全,且种皮具有透水性,可排除物理休眠、形态休眠和形态生理休眠。结合外源激素处理和酸蚀可有效促进种子萌发的结果,表明石榴种子的休眠类型属于生理休眠类型。(3)确定了暖温+低温层积组合处理和低温层积处理打破石榴种子休眠过程中,种胚内部的氧化模式的变化。分别研究了暖温层积1-42天,然后低温层积7、28或56天,以及低温层积1-84天过程中,种胚NO、脯氨酸、H2O2、MDA的含量、蛋白羰基化的程度和三种ROS清除酶(SOD、CAT和POD)的活性变化规律。研究结果表明,暖温+低温层积组合处理可有效打破石榴种子休眠,萌发百分比最高可达85%,而低温层积处理则最大达到50%,这可能是由于暖温+低温层积组合处理使胚中H2O2、NO、脂质过氧化和蛋白质羰基化的变化更为激烈从而打破了休眠,进而促进了萌发。(4)与低温层积相比,暖温+低温层积组合处理可引起SOD、CAT和POD三种ROS清除酶活性更显著的改变,它们的变化规律均呈现出先增强后减弱的趋势。这些结果表明,ROS清除酶可通过调节种胚中ROS的水平起到促进种子萌发的作用。此外,在暖温+低温层积组合处理过程中,较高的脯氨酸含量也有助于打破种子休眠并进一步促进萌发。(5)暖温+低温层积组合处理可有效打破石榴种子的休眠,其原因与此过程中种胚中的H2O2、MO、MDA、脯氨酸和蛋白质羰基化等因素的氧化变化和活性氧清除酶的活性变化直接有关。
[Abstract]:Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important economic crop, widely cultivated in the world. In recent years, the rapid development of pomegranate industry in Xinjiang, but the poor quality, low yield is still the important factors restricting Xinjiang pomegranate industry development. The most important is the seed of plant genetic resources, to elucidate the structure of seed germination and dormancy mechanism. The characteristics of breeding and development of plant varieties of major significance. This paper takes Kashi - Xinjiang pomegranate Akzin S (I), (II) - Yecheng sour pomegranate, and Tian - Qira No. 1 (III) and (IV) - Turpan sour pomegranate four main cultivars, studied the seed morphology internal, anatomical structure, water absorption and germination characteristics of the seeds, and in breaking the changes in metabolite content and enzyme activity of secondary dormancy mode in the process of in-depth study, the main results are as follows: (1) compare Xinjiang four The morphological characteristics of pomegranate seeds and in different stages, different treatments of seed anatomy. The experimental results show that four cultivars of pomegranate seed color and similar shape, color is milky white, the shape is an obtuse angle shape irregular. I, II and III seeds of three varieties of length, significant differences in width and 100 seed weight and seed and I asked the IV, there was no significant difference between II and III three seed varieties. Four varieties of pomegranate seeds can be divided into two parts, testa and embryo which is the germination period of dormancy embryo convolute closely two cotyledons; embryo germination by distilled water after the treatment of normal development, but by exogenous H202 and NO treatment of seed germination and cotyledon showed obvious bending, showed that the development process of H202 and NO may be involved in embryo. (2) through the comparison of different treatment methods on Seed Germination Effect of pomegranate, pomegranate proven The germination percentage of seed dormancy. Four mature pomegranate cultivars of seed is only 16%-20%. dry storage, dry storage at low temperature (ripening), exogenous NO, H2O2, exogenous hormones, concentrated H28O4 acid, concentrated H2SO4 acid + cold stratification, cold stratification and warm + cold stratification can to promote the role of pomegranate seed germination in different degrees, which were soaked in 40 min+ thick H2SO4 cold stratification for 2 months can make the germination percentage reached 65%, while the warm stratification (1-3 months) + cold stratification (2 months) the germination percentage increased to 75%-80%. the different processing methods of pomegranate the results showed that the seed germination of pomegranate seed embryo development completely, and kind of leather is permeable to water, can eliminate physical dormancy, dormancy and morphological morphological and physiological dormancy. Combined with exogenous hormone treatment and acid can effectively promote the results of seed germination showed that pomegranate seed dormancy, belong to Physiological dormancy. (3) the warm + cold stratification treatment and cold stratification to break the seed dormancy process, change embryo internal oxidation mode were studied. Warm stratification 1-42 days, and then cold stratification for 7,28 or 56 days, 1-84 days and cold stratification process in embryo NO, proline, H2O2, MDA content, protein carbonylation level and three kinds of ROS scavenging enzymes (SOD, CAT and POD) activity changes. The results show that the warm + cold stratification combined treatment can effectively break the pomegranate seed dormancy, germination percentage up to 85%, while the low temperature the stratification is up to 50%, this may be due to the warm + cold stratification combined treatment for embryo H2O2, NO, changes of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation is more intense to break dormancy and promote germination. (4) compared with the low temperature stratification, warm + cold stratification combination at Daniel may cause SOD, CAT and POD three ROS scavenging enzyme activity more significant changes, the changes of them showed first increased and then decreased trend. These results suggest that ROS scavenging enzymes by adjusting the embryo ROS level play a role in promoting seed germination. In addition, in the warm temperature and low temperature laminated combination process, higher proline content also helps to break the seed dormancy and promote germination. (5) warm + cold stratification combined treatment can effectively break the seed dormancy, and the reason in the process of embryo in H2O2, MO, MDA, proline and protein carbonylation the factors of oxidation changes and active oxygen scavenging enzyme activity changes directly related.

【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S665.4

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