全株玉米青贮品质评价及其对肉牛育肥性能和牛肉品质的影响

发布时间：2018-01-08 23:28

本文关键词：全株玉米青贮品质评价及其对肉牛育肥性能和牛肉品质的影响　出处：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究利用实验室小袋青贮研究了玉米品种和收获期、青贮添加剂对全株玉米青贮质量的影响并对比了不同青贮日粮对肉牛育肥性能和牛肉品质的影响,以期为全株玉米青贮的科学生产及其在肉牛生产中合理利用提供科学依据。试验1:通过实验室袋装青贮制作和青贮品质评价,研究玉米品种(5个)和收获期(3个时期)对全株玉米青贮产量、发酵品质和营养价值的影响。结果显示:全株玉米的干物质产量和营养成分受玉米品种和成熟期的影响,其中蜡熟期的干物质产量最大;全株玉米青贮的发酵品质和营养成分受玉米品种和成熟期的影响,其中完熟期青贮的氨态氮、乳酸、乙酸和有机酸含量低于乳熟期和蜡熟期青贮,乳熟期青贮的淀粉含量较低而NDF和ADF含量较高。试验2:通过实验室袋装青贮制作和青贮品质评价,研究不同乳酸菌青贮添加剂(YZB、WSS、XLW、RCL、RFR、RCF)对全株玉米青贮发酵品质和营养价值的影响。结果显示:添加乳酸菌青贮添加剂YZB、WSS、XLW、RFR使全株玉米青贮的乳酸和有机酸含量下降,而添加剂RCF则提高了青贮乳酸和有机酸含量;不同乳酸菌青贮添加剂均使全株玉米青贮的淀粉含量出现不同程度的降低,且对青贮纤维组分有一定的影响。试验3:通过实验室袋装青贮制作和青贮品质评价,研究不同类型青贮添加剂(菌剂、酶制剂、酸制剂、铵盐)对全株玉米青贮发酵品质和营养价值的影响。结果显示:添加乳酸菌、纤维素酶、氯化铵等添加剂使全株玉米青贮的乳酸和有机酸含量升高且pH值降低(乳酸菌剂除外),而添加有机酸剂则降低了青贮的氨态氮、乳酸、乙酸和有机酸含量;添加纤维素酶制剂降低了全株玉米青贮的淀粉含量而提高了 NDF、ADF和灰分的比例。试验4:本试验通过体外产气量试验来研究青贮乳酸菌对体外瘤胃发酵的影响。先后以不同发酵底物和在培养液中添加不同类型(同型RCL和异型发酵RFR)和剂量(105、106、107 CFU/mL)乳酸菌开展3个产气量试验。结果显示:添加RCL乳酸菌添加剂的全株玉米青贮的体外瘤胃产气速率和24h产气量低于添加RFR乳酸菌添加剂的全株玉米青贮;培养液中添加不同(发酵类型、添加量)的乳酸菌青贮添加剂对体外瘤胃发酵产气量和挥发酸含量的影响不同,有的升高有的降低。试验5:选取60头渤海黑牛杂交一代阉牛,随机均分为5个等氮日粮处理组,分别是全株玉米青贮组、全株玉米加菌青贮组、无穗玉米青贮组、无穗玉米加菌青贮组和无穗玉米青贮+当量玉米组(按草谷比1.5:1添加),试验为期18周,比较各组肉牛的生长性能、血液指标和生产效益。结果显示:与无穗玉米(加菌)青贮组相比,全株玉米(加菌)青贮组肉牛在育肥前期(62天)的增重性能和经济收益较好(增加2-2.5元/天·头);与无穗玉米青贮+当量玉米组相比,虽然全株玉米青贮组肉牛在生长性能上无差异,但其育肥效益较好;与不加菌青贮组(全株与无穗)相比,加菌青贮组肉牛在生长性能上无差异,而育肥效益略有提升。与其他日粮组相比,无穗玉米加菌青贮组肉牛血液超氧化物歧化酶含量和总抗氧化能力较低。试验6:饲养试验(试验5)结束后,每个日粮处理组随机挑选10头牛进行屠宰分割,测定屠宰性能并取12-13肋外脊肉样用于后续的肉质分析。结果显示:全株玉米加菌青贮组肉牛的屠宰率高于无穗玉米青贮组、无穗玉米加菌青贮组和无穗玉米青贮+当量玉米组且全株玉米青贮组肉牛的屠宰率高于无穗玉米加菌青贮组,其他屠宰性能指标组间无差异;各日粮处理组肉牛在牛肉感官品质和营养价值的各项指标上均无差异;无穗玉米青贮+当量玉米组牛肉的丙二醛和蛋白质羰基含量高于全株玉米青贮组、无穗玉米青贮组和无穗玉米加菌青贮组,同时其糖酵解潜能低于全株玉米加菌青贮组、无穗玉米青贮组和无穗玉米加菌青贮组。综合所述,全株玉米青贮品质因玉米品种和成熟期不同而异,蜡熟期制作全株玉米青贮可获得最大单位面积产能;添加复合乳酸菌、纤维素酶、氯化铵等添加剂可促进全株玉米青贮发酵,而添加有机酸剂则抑制了青贮发酵;培养液中添加一定剂量的同型发酵乳酸菌对体外瘤胃发酵具有潜在的促进作用。与无穗玉米(加菌)青贮相比,全株玉米青贮在肉牛育肥前期使用更加经济划算;与无穗玉米青贮+当量玉米相比,全株玉米青贮可获得较高的育肥效益;与不加菌青贮(全株与无穗)相比,加菌青贮对肉牛育肥收益有一定提升作用;全株与无穗玉米(加菌)青贮对肉牛的屠宰性能(除屠宰率外)和牛肉品质(除抗氧化性能外)基本没有影响。
[Abstract]:Study on the maize varieties and harvest stage in this study using laboratory bag silage, effects of Silage Additives on corn silage quality and compared the different silage diet on beef cattle fattening performance and beef quality, in order to whole plant corn silage production in beef cattle production science and reasonable to provide scientific basis for the utilization. The 1: bag silage production and laboratory silage quality evaluation of Maize Varieties (5) and harvest (3 periods) on the yield of whole plant corn silage, fermentation quality and nutrition value. The results showed that the dry matter yield and nutrient composition of whole plant corn affected maize varieties and mature period. The dough stage dry matter yield maximum; fermentation quality and nutrition of maize silage affected maize varieties and maturity, the ammonia nitrogen, ripe stage silage lactic acid, acetic acid and organic acid The content is lower than the milk stage and dough stage silages, starch content in milk stage silage lower NDF and higher ADF content. Through laboratory test of 2: bag silage production and silage quality evaluation of different lactic acid bacteria Silage Additives (YZB, WSS, XLW, RCL, RFR, RCF) influence on Quan Zhuyu rice silage fermentation quality and nutritional value. The results showed that adding lactic acid bacteria Silage Additives YZB, WSS, XLW, RFR makes the whole corn silage lactic acid and organic acid content decreased, while the additive RCF can improve the silage lactic acid and organic acid content; different lactic acid bacteria silage additive showed that starch content of maize silage appears to reduce in different degrees, and the silage fiber components have a certain influence. Through laboratory tests of 3: bag silage production and silage quality evaluation of different types of Silage Additives (bacteria, enzyme, acid agent, ammonium salt) on maize silage hair Effect of fermentation quality and nutrition value. The results showed that adding lactic acid bacteria, cellulase, ammonium chloride and other additives to make whole corn silage lactic acid and organic acid content increased and pH decreased (except lactic acid bacteria), and adding organic acid agent reduced the ammonia nitrogen, silage lactic acid, acetic acid and organic acid content; the addition of cellulase decreased the starch content of maize silage and increased NDF, ADF and ash ratio. 4: test this test by gas production test in vitro to study the effect of silage lactic acid bacteria on rumen fermentation in vitro. According to different substrate and add different types in medium (with RCL and heterofermentation) and RFR dose (105106107 CFU/mL) 3 gas production test in lactic acid bacteria. The results showed that corn silage adding additive RCL of lactic acid bacteria in vitro rumen gas production rate and gas production to add RFR low 24h The whole Corn Silage Additives of lactic acid bacteria; medium adding different (adding fermentation type) of lactic acid bacteria Silage Additives have different effects on in vitro rumen fermentation and gas production of volatile acids, some others decreased. The test 5: increased from 60 head of Bohai black cattle crossbred steers were randomly divided into 5 equal nitrogen dietary treatments, respectively, corn silage group, whole plant corn silage and silage corn group, no group, no ear of corn silage and silage corn + group and non equivalent group (add corn than 1.5:1 in Grass Valley). The experiment lasted for 18 weeks, compared the growth performance of beef cattle. The blood index and production efficiency. The results showed that: no corn (bacteria) silage group, whole plant corn silage group (bacteria) in beef cattle fattening (62 days) weight increase performance and better economic benefits (increased 2-2.5 yuan / day - head); and no silage corn + equivalent jade M group, although the whole corn silage group in beef cattle growth performance is no difference, but the benefit is good and not fattening; silage group (whole plant and panicle) compared with silage group in beef cattle growth performance is no difference, but with slight increase fertilizer efficiency compared with other dietary groups. No, corn silage plus group of cattle blood superoxide dismutase content and total antioxidant capacity is low. Test 6: feeding experiment (Experiment 5) after the end of each dietary treatment group randomly selected 10 cows were slaughtered by segmentation, slaughter performance and take 12-13 samples for subsequent analysis of rib rib meat. Display: whole plant without silage corn silage and corn group group was higher than that of beef cattle slaughter, no corn silage and silage corn + group and non equivalent group of corn and corn silage group of beef cattle slaughter rate higher than corn silage plus other slaughter group. No difference in performance index between groups; each dietary treatment group showed no significant difference in the indexes of beef beef sensory quality and nutritional value; no silage corn + equivalent corn beef group of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content was higher than that of whole corn silage group, no silage corn group and non corn silage plus group. At the same time the glycolytic potential is lower than that of whole plant corn silage without adding bacteria group, silage corn group and corn silage plus group. Above all, the whole corn silage quality for maize varieties and maturity varies, making the dough stage of whole plant corn silage can obtain the largest capacity per unit area; adding compound lactic acid bacteria, cellulase, ammonium chloride and other additives can promote maize silage fermentation, and adding organic acid inhibited the silage fermentation; cultivation of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria added certain amounts of liquid has potential on in vitro rumen fermentation In the role. And no corn silage (bacteria) compared with corn silage in beef cattle fattening is more cost-effective; compared with non silage corn + equivalent corn, corn silage can obtain higher efficiency and fattening; without bacteria silage (whole plant and panicle) compared. Add silage have certain promotion effect on beef cattle fattening income; whole plant and ear of corn (bacteria) silage for beef cattle slaughter performance (except slaughter rate) and beef quality (except antioxidant performance had no effect).

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S823.5

【参考文献】