环境规制视角下的农户蛋鸡养殖适度规模研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 17:18

本文关键词： 农户蛋鸡养殖环境保护适度规模　出处：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国居民收入水平的不断提高,动物类食品在人们食物消费需求中的比重越来越大,如何有效保障畜禽产品的有效供给成为了我国养殖业发展过程中的重要目标之一,而规模化养殖的发展无疑为这一目标的实现提供了有效的途径。此外,作为现代畜禽养殖业的重要特征,规模化养殖的开展对于农民增收也发挥着积极的促进作用。然而,规模化经营并不意味着生产规模越大越好,存在着适度规模的问题。同时,来自国外发达国家以及我国农业领域的经验也都一再表明,农业生产的发展不能以牺牲环境为代价。如何在实现环境保护的前提下推动农户适度规模养殖的发展,成为了当前摆在我国畜禽养殖业发展过程中的一项重要选题。显然,这一问题的研究与解决对于促进生态环境保护与畜禽养殖业的协调与可持续发展具有重要的理论意义与现实价值。农户是我国畜禽养殖的基本生产单位与主体力量,本文以农户作为研究对象,在对规模化经营相关理论、环境公共物品理论与外部性理论等分析的基础上,从农户视角出发,基于农户行为理论探讨了环境规制视角下的农户蛋鸡养殖适度规模问题。在对我国农户蛋鸡养殖发展现状与特征分析的基础上,运用分位数模型考察了环境规制对农户养殖规模的影响,并利用Heckman两阶段模型考察了环境规制下的农户环保意愿问题,通过离散选择Logistic模型对环境规制下农户扩大养殖规模的行为与意愿进行了研究。文中利用数理模型从农户视角出发以利润最大化为目标,模拟并分析了环境规制下的农户蛋鸡养殖适度规模,并从产业角度模拟并探讨了适度规模养殖发展对于我国蛋鸡养殖业的影响作用。论文获得的主要研究结论如下:(1)我国蛋鸡规模化养殖己获得较快发展,但小规模养殖户仍占据主要地位;不同养殖规模水平下,农户蛋鸡养殖的生产经营特征存在明显差异,且废弃物处理手段多样化,蛋鸡规模化养殖发展过程中的环境保护面临着较大的挑战。(2)环境规制对不同规模分布下的农户蛋鸡养殖规模具有差异化的影响:对专业大户的养殖规模具有明显的促进作用,而对小规模养殖户的影响却并不显著,这在一定程度上反映出我国农户对环保规制已具有较高的承受能力。此外,户主个人特征、家庭特征与养殖经营特征等因素对不同规模分布下的农户养殖规模也存在有差异化的影响。(3)农户扩大养殖规模的意愿与行为在影响因素上存在一定差异。尽管农户在形成扩大养殖规模的意愿时并未考虑到环境政策与养殖补贴政策的影响,但上述政策对农户扩大养殖规模的行为发挥了明显的影响作用。(4)从农户视角下的养殖利润最大化目标来看,在现有生产水平下,当环境成本完全内部化由农户自行承担时,农户蛋鸡养殖的适度规模约为当前养殖规模平均水平的4倍,农户蛋鸡规模化养殖仍有较大发展空间。(5)农户的环保意愿支出水平距离有效实现畜禽养殖过程中环境治理所需的环保资金投入还有较大差距,提高农户环保支出水平、制定和实施相关环保补贴政策是实现畜禽养殖业发展与生态环境保护同步推进的重要保障。(6)从产业角度看,农户蛋鸡养殖适度规模的推进将会导致部分养殖户的退出。关注如何逐步推进适度规模养殖发展的同时,应兼顾退出养殖农户问题的解决。
[Abstract]:With the income level of residents in our country continue to increase, the proportion of animal food in people's food consumption demand in the growing, how to effectively protect the effective supply of livestock products has become one of the important objectives of the development process of China's aquaculture industry, and the development of large-scale farming is no doubt for the realization of the goal to provide effective way. In addition, as an important feature of modern animal husbandry, to carry out large-scale farming for farmers also play a positive role in promoting. However, large-scale operation does not mean that the production scale is better, there is a proper scale. At the same time, from the developed countries and the experience of China's agricultural fields are also proved that the development of agricultural production can not be at the expense of the environment. How to promote the development of farmers in the large-scale breeding premise of environmental protection, has become the current One of the most important topics in the development process of China's livestock and poultry industry. Obviously, this problem study and solve for the promotion of coordination and protection of ecological environment and sustainable development of animal husbandry has important theoretical significance and practical value. The farmer is livestock in China based on the production unit and the main force, the farmers as the research object, on the scale of related theories, basic environmental public goods theory and externality theory analysis, starting from the perspective of farmers, farmer behavior theory is discussed from the perspective of environmental regulation of farmers breeding hens moderate size. Based on analyzing the status quo and characteristics of the Chinese farmers in laying hens on the use of quantile model to examine the impact of environmental regulation on the scale of farming households, and use the Heckman two stage model to study the farmers' environmental protection under environmental regulation. May, through the discrete choice Logistic model on Farmers' environmental regulation to expand the wishes and behavior of the scale of farming was studied. Starting from the perspective of farmers to maximize the profit by using the mathematical model in this paper, the simulation and analysis of the environmental regulation of farmers breeding hens and moderate scale, from the industrial point of view and discusses the moderate scale simulation for aquaculture development affect farming in China. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) layers of large-scale cultivation in our country has gained rapid development, but the small scale farmers still occupy a dominant position; breeding scale of different levels, there exist obvious differences in production and operation characteristics of farmers' breeding hens, and waste treatment method diversification, environmental protection farming development process in large scale layer facing greater challenges. (2) environmental regulation on different scale distribution of farmers raising hens Effect of scale with the difference: the colonization of professional large scale farming has obvious effect, and the effect on small scale farmers are not obvious, which reflects China's farmers have high capacity of environmental regulation in a certain extent. In addition, the people characteristics, family characteristics and cultivation management factors such as the characteristics of different size distribution under the farmers breeding scale also has effect of differentiation. (3) there are some differences in the impact factors on the willingness and behavior of farmers to expand the scale of farming. Despite the farmers in the form of expanding the scale of farming will not take into account the impact of environmental policy and farming subsidies policy, but the policy for farmers to expand the scale of farming behavior played a significant effect. (4) from the perspective of maximizing farmers breeding profit target, in the current production level, when the end of environmental cost The internal by the farmers themselves, the moderate scale of farmers in laying hens is about 4 times the average level of the scale of farming, layers of scale farms still have a larger space for development. (5) farmers' environmental intention expenditure level there is a large gap between the distance of the effective implementation of environmental governance in poultry and livestock breeding for environmental protection investment and improve the farmers' environmental protection expenditure level, is an important guarantee for the development of livestock breeding and protection of the ecological environment promote the formulation and implementation of relevant environmental subsidies. (6) from the perspective of industry, promote the farmers will exit the appropriate scale of laying hens led some farmers. Focus on how to gradually promote moderate scale aquaculture development at the same time, consideration should be given to solve the problem. Farmers quit farming

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.3

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