柿砧木耐盐抗旱及嫁接亲和性研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 05:28

  本文关键词： ‘富有’甜柿 柿砧 盐胁迫 干旱胁迫 嫁接亲和性　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：‘富有’(Fu yu)甜柿是目前日本栽培面积大、产量高、品质优的柿树品种。我国在上世纪80年代从日本引进栽培,在我国甜柿也深受广大消费者的青睐,但至今在我国未能形成大规模经营,其原因诸多,但最重要的原因是缺乏合适的砧木。生产上发现,我国诸多砧木嫁接‘富有’甜柿时,表现出成抗逆性差,成活率低、嫁接亲和性低以致最终导致死亡的问题,因此选择适合‘富有’的优良砧木己成为我国迅速推广‘富有’甜柿的关键问题,其中砧木的抗逆性与嫁接亲和性选择是问题的关键。本研究以柿属3个柿种为试验材料,采用不同浓度盐溶液和自然持续干旱胁迫的方法,分别研究了耐盐性和抗旱性的差异,采用生理、生化结合形态指标,利用数学多元统计分析方法与隶属函数法进行了柿砧资源的抗性综合评价;同时,对3个柿种12份柿砧进行了与‘富有’嫁接亲和性的研究。获得的主要研究结果如下:1.以3个柿种砧木(10份君迁子资源、野柿869和美洲柿844)种子为材料,研究不同盐浓度对不同柿种砧木种子的萌发影响。经过0.0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%NaCl溶液处理后得到了30 d内种子的萌发率等数据。结果表明:0.0%NaCl(对照)溶液处理30 d后3个柿种中野柿869的萌发率最高,依次为君迁子852、美洲柿844,其余的9份君迁子萌发率低于前三者;0.5%NaCl溶液处理后野柿869萌发率最高,盐浓度达到1.0%时,君迁子852萌发率最高。当盐浓度达到1.5%-2.0%时,所有柿砧种子均未萌发。通过种子复水试验,发现所有盐浓度处理下未萌发的种子开始萌发,说明柿砧种子经过高盐溶液处理后种子的萌发是可逆的。3个柿种种子在盐胁迫下种间比较,野柿869耐盐性最好,君迁子居中,美洲柿844耐盐性最差;而种内10份君迁子材料中852与824的耐盐性较好,耐盐性最差的是849和847。2.采用不同浓度NaCl溶液对12份柿砧资源幼苗(苗龄约90 d的苗子)进行处理,通过16项生理指标测定,应用主成分和隶属函数分析法对柿砧耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明美洲柿844是最耐盐柿种,随后是野柿869,10份君迁子资源在3个柿种中耐盐性较差,但10份君迁子资源中有3份耐盐较好的资源(824、846和847)。3.选用美洲柿844、野柿869和3份君迁子(824、846和847)90 d的盆栽幼苗为试材,采用不同浓度NaCl溶液处理25 d后进行不同柿种砧木耐盐性比较,测定了不同浓度盐溶液处理后5份柿砧幼苗生长、光合系统、膜脂过氧化、抗氧化系统等的变化。结果表明:盐胁迫后,从植株的生长、生物量积累、叶片的形态变化,盐害指数同时结合生理指标测定初步判断,美洲柿844耐盐性高于野柿869,野柿869又高于君迁子;3份君迁子资源的耐盐性在3个柿种中最低。4.以美洲柿844、野柿869和3份君迁子资源(824、846和847)的1年生盆栽幼苗为试材,进行了不同柿种砧木抗旱性比较,干旱持续胁迫20 d,在此期间测定了3个柿种5份柿砧幼苗的净光合速率、光合参数、膜脂过氧化、抗氧化系统等的变化。干旱胁迫后,5份柿砧幼苗的叶片、根系、植株的生长明显受到抑制,综合形态变化、生理指标测定以及干旱胁迫伤害率调查,结果表明:5份柿砧幼苗中,美洲柿844耐旱性高于君迁子,君迁子又高于野柿869;3份君迁子资源中824的抗旱性要好于846和847。5.选择3个柿种砧木(10份君迁子资源、野柿869和美洲柿844)与‘富有’甜柿进行嫁接亲和性比较研究,通过调查嫁接后的成活率、两年内成活植株的保存率、接穗生长量、接口部位的外部以及内部形态来确定与‘富有’甜柿亲和性较好的柿砧材料。结果表明,3个柿种砧木嫁接成活率差异显著,10份君迁子成活率均高于其它两个柿种,而野柿869成活率美洲柿844,其中君迁子中的路东67成活率最高,达97.69%;3个柿种嫁接两年后的平均保存率差异比较明显,即君迁子美洲柿844野柿869,而君迁子中的824嫁接两年内的保存率最高;3个柿种砧木的接穗生长量与嫁接成活率呈一定的正相关;外部形态观察发现,3个柿种砧木嫁接亲和性差的,嫁接部位会出现肿大、翘皮、裂纹等现象;解剖形态学观察中发现3个柿种嫁接后的愈合过程基本一致,但野柿869和美洲柿844产生愈伤组织的时间要晚于君迁子一周左右。通过3个柿种与‘富有’甜柿嫁接后的生长量、成活率以及两年内成活植株的保存率调查同时结合解剖观察,综合认为君迁子与‘富有’甜柿的亲和性要好于野柿869和美洲柿844,而10份君迁子中的824、848和路东67与‘富有’甜柿的亲和性较好。6.通过3个柿种的耐盐性、抗旱性以及嫁接亲和性研究,综合考虑君迁子824可作为‘富有’甜柿的砧木。
[Abstract]:'rich' (Fu Yu) is a Japanese persimmon cultivation area, high yield, good quality of persimmon varieties. In China in the last century from Japan in 80s introduced in China, persimmon also favored by the vast number of consumers in our country, but has failed to form a scale, due to the many reasons, but the most important is the lack of suitable rootstocks. The production, China's many rootstocks' Fuyu ', showed a poor resistance, low survival rate of grafting, low affinity eventually lead to death, so choose "excellent rootstock rich" has become China's rapid promotion of' rich 'key problems persimmon, the resistance of rootstocks and affinity selection is the key to the problem. In this study, 3 kinds of persimmon persimmon as the experiment materials, using the method of concentration of salt solution and natural drought stress, resistance were studied Differences in salt resistance and drought resistance by physiological, biochemical analysis combined with morphological indexes, the comprehensive evaluation method and the resistance of persimmon rootstock resources by using the method of mathematical statistics membership function; at the same time, 3 to 12 copies of persimmon persimmon rootstock of 'rich' grafting affinity of the main results. Are as follows: 1. to 3 persimmon rootstocks (10 dateplum persimmon resources, wild 869 and d.virginiana 844) seed, Germination Effect of different salt concentration on different kinds of persimmon rootstock seeds. After 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2.0%NaCl solution were obtained after 30 d seed germination the rate of data. The results showed that: 0.0%NaCl (control) solution treatment after 30 d of 3 wild persimmon in 869 the highest germination rate, followed by dateplum persimmon America 852, 844, the remaining 9 copies of dateplum germination rate lower than the previous three; 0.5%NaCl solution in 869 wild persimmon highest germination rate the concentration of salt. Reached 1%, dateplum 852 the highest germination rate. When the salt concentration reaches 1.5%-2.0%, the seed germination were not all persimmon rootstock. The seed water test, found all the salt concentration of non germinated seeds began to germinate after high salt solution, that adorable processed seeds of persimmon seed is reversible.3 anvil persimmon seeds under Salt Stress were compared among the 869 most salt tolerant wild persimmon, dateplum persimmon center, 844 salt tolerance is the worst; and in 10 copies of dateplum material 852 and 824 salt tolerance of salt tolerance is good, the worst is 849 and 847.2. with different NaCl concentration of 12 persimmon seedlings (seedling stock resource of about 90 d seedling) treated by 16 physiological indexes, using principal components and subordinate function analysis in comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of persimmon rootstock. The results show that America is the most salt tolerance of 844 persimmon persimmon, followed by wild persimmon 869,10 dateplum resources 鍦，

本文编号：1483734