制种玉米雄穗机械化抽取技术与装置研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 08:55

本文选题：制种玉米　切入点：机械化去雄　出处：《中国农业机械化科学研究院》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：去雄作业作为玉米制种的关键环节,直接影响着玉米种子的质量。目前,国内制种玉米去雄作业主要依靠人工,去雄装备依赖进口。因此,研究与我国制种玉米种植模式和农艺要求相符的机械化去雄技术与装备对于提升制种玉米生产的机械化水平、增强玉米种子企业的竞争力、促进玉米种业健康发展具有非常重要的意义。本文以种植面积广且性状差异大的两种制种玉米母本品种郑58和PH6WC为作业对象,主要在以下几个方面进行了研究。对去雄期内制种玉米植株雄穗拔取力特性、玉米植株弹性模量和空间分布特性,进行了试验研究和理论分析。基于大量试验数据分析,得到郑58植株和PH6WC植株在不同生长期拔取力的取值范围；得出去雄期上述两种玉米植株的弹性模量；得到玉米植株的空间自然分布规律。设计了轮式抽雄部件,对其关键部件一抽取机构和分禾机构开展了研究。对轮胎接触理论进行了深入研究,通过玉米植株与充气轮胎接触后的受力和运动分析,得出了影响去雄效果的主要因素包括抽雄滚轮转速与倾角、轮胎中心距、充气压力、轮胎结构参数等,并设计了抽取机构和三种不同表面花纹的充气轮胎；设计了安装于抽取机构机架上的分禾机构,建立了玉米植株三维模型,并运用ADAMS软件进行模拟仿真,分析分禾机构的合理性。建立了一个用于研究轮式抽雄部件作业性能的测试系统,系统主要由抽雄部件驱动系统、玉米植株喂入系统、数据采集处理系统和总体控制系统等组成。玉米植株可按照种植模式(株距)在测试系统上进行布置；抽雄滚轮转速连续调节,范围为200～1000r/min;玉米植株喂入速度连续调节,范围为2-8km／h；抽雄部件角度可调,范围为20-400。对轮式抽雄部件进行了试验研究与参数优化。在单因素、多因素和回归试验的基础上,发现影响去雄效果的最大因素为轮胎花纹,得到各主要影响因素的最优方案组合为充气压力50kPa、中心距254mm、滚轮转速450r／mmin和工作倾角300；进行了分禾机构的性能试验研究,验证了分禾机构的仿真结果；通过对抽雄部件的功率测试,得出了系数置的取值范围和最佳取值。结合3WZG-3000A型多功能高地隙底盘,对玉米去雄机整机进行了设计研究,去雄机主要由仿形机构、液压传动系统和仿形控制系统等组成。仿形机构采用平行四边形结构；抽雄滚轮旋转运动由负载敏感液压系统传动实现；仿形机构高度调节由比例控制液压系统驱动升降油缸实现；以一定距离内上光电信号连续有表示玉米植株高,一定距离内下光电信号连续无表示玉米植株低为控制依据,实现玉米植株高度仿形模糊控制；对抽雄滚轮转速同步性能及控制系统响应时间、升降油缸运动速度进行了测试试验,确定了控制信号t至抽雄部件垂直位移量的传递函数。最后,在4、5、6km／h作业速度下,针对郑58和PH6WC母本植株开展了玉米去雄机的田间试验工作,对试验结果进行了统计分析,结果表明：一次去雄率达到85%以上,叶片损失率在40%左右。
[Abstract]:Emasculation operation as a key link in maize production, directly affect the quality of maize seeds. At present, the domestic corn emasculation operations rely mainly on artificial emasculation, equipment imported. Therefore, the research of technology and equipment for the male to enhance the level of mechanization of corn production mechanization in conformity with the requirement of China's corn planting pattern and agronomic to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, corn seed, has very important significance to promote the healthy development of the corn seed. The planting area is wide and large differences in the two traits of maize seed parent variety Zheng 58 and PH6WC as the work object, mainly studied in the following aspects. In the period of corn plant emasculation tassel using force characteristics, modulus and spatial distribution characteristics of maize plants are elastic, experimental research and theoretical analysis. Based on the analysis of test data, obtained 58 plants and PH6WC Zheng Plants at different growth stages with force range; out of the two elastic modulus of heading stage of maize; maize plants get space natural distribution is designed. The components of wheel tassel, an extraction mechanism of the key components and sub grain mechanism carried out. On the tire contact theory is studied the maize plants, with force and motion analysis of pneumatic tire after contact, the main factors influencing the effect of emasculation include roller speed and heading angle, tire center distance, gas pressure, tire structure parameters, and the design of the pneumatic tire extraction mechanism and three kinds of different surface pattern design; Wo branch installed on the drawing mechanism on the frame, establish the three-dimensional model of maize plant, and simulated by ADAMS software, analyses the rationality of dividing mechanism. A study for wheeled pumping set The test system of job performance of male parts of the system is mainly composed of tasseling corn plant components drive system, feeding system, data acquisition and processing system and the overall control system. According to the planting patterns of maize plants (plant spacing) are arranged on the test system; heading the rotational speed of the roller continuous adjustment range is 200 ~ 1000r/min; maize feeding speed of continuous adjustment, the range of 2-8km / h; adjustable tassel parts angle range of 20-400. on the wheel tasseling parts of the experimental study and parameter optimization. The single factor and multi factor regression based on the test, found that the biggest factor affecting the effect of emasculation of tread pattern, the main influence factors for optimum schemes for gas pressure 50kPa, the rotational speed of the roller center distance 254MM, 450R / mmin and the working angle of 300; a study of performance tests of dividing mechanism, verify the feed in mechanism of imitation It results; through the power on the male part test, the range of the coefficient and the best values. Combined with 3WZG-3000A type multifunctional highland gap chassis, the machine corn emasculation is studied and designed, detasseling machine is mainly composed of profiling mechanism, hydraulic system and control system etc.. Copying copying mechanism adopts parallelogram structure; tassel wheel rotation motion is achieved by the transmission load sensing hydraulic system; height adjustment by proportional control hydraulic system driven lifting cylinder to the profiling mechanism; the photoelectric signal within a certain distance have shown continuous maize plants, within a certain distance under the photoelectric signal continuously without said maize low as control basis, realize the maize plant height copying fuzzy control; response time heading roller speed synchronization performance and control system, the test of lift cylinder velocity, indeed The transfer function of the control signal t to tasseling parts of vertical displacement. Finally, in the 4,5,6km / h operation speed, according to Zheng 58 and PH6WC female plant to carry out the corn emasculation machine field experimental work carried out on the test results of statistical analysis, the results show that the once emasculation rate reached more than 85%, the loss of leaves the rate of around 40%.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业机械化科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S224

【参考文献】