二化螟盘绒茧蜂触角的超微结构及其转录组分析

发布时间：2018-03-31 20:31

  本文选题：二化螟盘绒茧蜂　切入点：内寄生蜂　出处：《浙江大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：水稻是世界主要的粮食作物之一。中国是世界最大的水稻生产地、消费国和第七大水稻出口国家。水稻受多种害虫和病原物的侵害,其中二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)则是发生最为严重的害虫之一。二化螟能够造成水稻减产,并且给包括中国在内的水稻生产国造成巨大的经济损失。通常,二化螟田间防治以化学防治为主,但是随着二化螟抗药性的产生,其防治效率呈下降趋势。化学农药的不合理使用所造成的残留也严重威胁着人类的健康,特别是农民的安全。生物防治是安全高效的农业害虫防治手段之一。二化螟盘绒茧蜂Cotesia chilonis是寄生二化螟的优势内寄生蜂。鉴于寄生蜂触角在成虫交配和寄主搜寻中的重要作用,本文采用扫描电镜和投射电镜观察、比较了二化螟盘绒茧蜂雌雄成蜂触角的超微结构。二化螟盘绒茧蜂的触角分为柄节、梗节和由16小节组成的鞭节。雄蜂的触角全长2.57 mm,直径67.77 μm,其中鞭小节每节平均长度153.21 μm。雌蜂的触角全长1.29 mm,直径59.91 μm,其中鞭小节每节平均长度84.43 μm;均显著低于雄蜂。雌雄蜂触角中都发现了9种类型感器,分别是刺形感器、Ⅰ类毛形感器、Ⅱ类毛形感器、弯曲毛形感器、柱形感器、板状感器、锥形感器、钟形感器和Bohm氏鬃毛等。本文描述了这些感器的分布、形态和空间结构,并且分析了雌雄之间的不同。这表明二化螟盘绒茧蜂触角存在明显的性二型现象。本文结果为寄生蜂的嗅觉行为的研究提供了理论基础。本文对二化螟盘绒茧蜂雌雄蜂触角进行了转录组分析。测序共获得了3.32亿raw reads 和3.16亿 clean reads,最终拼装得到53,100条 unigenes。其中32,212条unigenes在NCBI的nr数据库已有注释。在所有注释的unigenes中,分别有13,854和13,023条unigenes能与GO和COG数据库中的序列所匹配。此外,26,865条unigenes 在 Swiss-port 数据库和25,312条 unigenes 在 KEGG pathway 数据库中都已有注释。对基因的蛋白编码区进行预测,发现有32,074个CDS能与相关蛋白数据库中的序列所匹配。通过相关软件预测获得1,142个CDS。CDS和SSR总数分别是33,216和34,649。在所有unigenes中,化学感知相关基因的有:OBP基因6条、OR基因734条和SNMP基因30条;气味分子分解相关的有:P450基因59条、酯酶基因48条、谷胱甘肽S转移酶基因12条、ALOXs/ALDH基因39条和AOXs/ADH基因51条。雌雄二化螟盘绒茧蜂中差异表达显著的基因有:OBP基因2条、OR基因21条、SNMP基因1条、P450基因6条、ALOXs/ALDH基因1条和AOXs/ADH基因5条。本文研究首次对二化螟盘绒茧蜂的雌雄成蜂触角的超微结构和转录组进行了比较分析,相关探索为今后寄生蜂的嗅觉研究提供了基础。
[Abstract]:Rice is one of the major food crops in the world. China is the world's largest rice producer, consumer and seventh largest rice exporter. Rice is affected by a variety of pests and pathogens. Among them, Chilo suppressalis Walker is one of the most serious pests. Chilo suppressalis Walker can reduce rice production and cause huge economic losses to rice producing countries, including China. However, with the emergence of resistance to insecticides, the control efficiency of Chilo suppressalis decreased, and the residue caused by the irrational use of chemical pesticides also seriously threatened human health. Especially the safety of farmers. Biological control is one of the safe and effective means of agricultural pest control. Cotesia chilonis is the dominant parasitic wasp of Chilo suppressalis. In view of the important role of parasitoid antennae in adult mating and host search, In this paper, the ultrastructure of the antennae of male and female adult wasps were compared by scanning electron microscope and projective electron microscope. The antennae were divided into petiole nodes. The antennae of the male wasp were 2.57mm in length and 67.77 渭 m in diameter, and the average length of each segment was 153.21 渭 m. The antennae of female wasp were 1.29mm in length and 59.91 渭 m in diameter, and the average length of each segment was 84.43 渭 m, which was significantly lower than that of the female. Male and female have 9 types of sensilla found in their antennae. They are spiny sensilla, class 鈪，

本文编号：1692333