豇豆遗传多样性及若干农艺性状关联分析

发布时间：2018-04-19 19:50

  本文选题：豇豆 + 遗传多样性　； 参考：《浙江大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：豇豆为豆科豇豆属(rigna unguiculata L. Walp.)一年生草本植物,广泛分布于热带及亚热带地区。其豆英可作为蔬菜,籽粒含有丰富的蛋白质(23-25%)及碳水化合物f50-67%)可作为主食。另外豇豆还是十分高效的固氮植物,对改善种植区土地肥力有着重要的作用。栽培豇豆种植历史悠久,被认为在公元前1000年左右由野生豇豆驯化而成,最初作为粮食和饲料作物广泛种植于非洲。传入亚洲后由于当地湿润的气候条件,演化出长英豇豆和短英豇豆两个亚种,成为东南亚地区重要的菜用作物。经过选育的栽培豇豆,现今已成为热带及亚热带地区农业系统中重要的组成部分。位于尼日利亚的国际热带农业研究所(International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, IITA; http://old.iita.org)和美国农业部(United States Department of Agriculture, USDA)收集了大量的豇豆资源,为豇豆遗传、育种等相关研究提供了丰富的材料。本文利用美国农业部收集的716份种质资源(其中502份核心种质)及52份美国商业品种,从表型和基因型两个方面对其遗传多样性进行了较为全面的研究。同时,对结英数、结英位置、英长、株高、株型、百粒重、藤蔓习性和生育期等性状进行全基因组关联分析。主要研究结果如下：1、参照美国农业部标准对768份豇豆资源的17个农艺性状进行了遗传多态性分析。结果显示：整个群体中以白色豆荚和白色、棕眼、光滑、半圆籽粒为主；株叶形态以直立、半蔓生株型及半戟型叶片为主。方差分析显示除粒型、结英位置、株型及结英习性在各群体间没有显著差异外,其余性状在各地理群体间显示出一定程度的差异。聚类分析可以在一定程度上区别各地理群,但各地区间(分类界限)不明显。在各群体中,商业栽培品种与其他各地区品种表型区别明显,结英数和百粒重在各群体中最高,同时变异系数和遗传多样性最低；非洲和亚洲地区资源遗传多样性最高且遗传关系较近；而北美与拉丁美洲地区间群体表型无明显差异,二者与中亚及南亚次大陆地区群体关系更近。因些,推断栽培豇豆由非洲地区起源后,进入亚洲经历了第二次驯化,而后通过殖民扩张进入美洲地区。2、利用GBS (Genotyping by Sequencing)方法从供试群体中获得的1048个高效SNP标记对群体遗传多样性、群体结构及系统聚类进行分析。遗传多样性显示,东非、西非地区以及南亚次大陆地区的种质遗传多样性最为丰富,东亚、中亚、欧洲及北美商业品种多样性较低。方差分析表明,各群体间基因变异绝大多数来自于群体内部(90%),而非群体之间(10%)。聚类分析和各地理群体遗传距离表明,美洲、南亚次大陆以及非洲东南部的群体遗传关系较近；东亚、中亚及欧洲的群体遗传关系较近；而北美商业品种与西非地区的群体虽在表型有一定差异,但基因型一致性较高。该结果再次验证,栽培豇豆应发源于西非或东非,后传入南亚次大陆经历第二次驯化,而北美商业品种可能在育种过程中大量引入了西非当地资源。3、选取8个较为重要的农艺性状：结英数、结英位置、英长、株高、株型、百粒重、藤蔓习性和生育期,使用1048个SNP标记、768份豇豆资源对其进行关联作图。在四种线性模型下,scaffold22616和scaffold8664附近位点与生育期显著相关；C35010719附近位点与株高显著相关：C35084948和scaffold72837附近位点与英长显著相关；scaffold20520附近位点与结英数显著相关；C35004001,C35022001,scaffold26894及scaffold95778附近位点与百粒重显著相关。这些标记的开发有利于完善关联分析在豇豆上的应用,同时对未来豇豆的基因辅助育种提供了参考。
[Abstract]:Cowpea, an annual herbaceous plant of rigna unguiculata L. Walp., is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Its beans can be used as vegetables, with rich protein (23-25%) and carbohydrate f50-67%) as a staple food. In addition, cowpeas are ten high efficient nitrogen fixing plants, and are effective in improving soil fertility in planting areas. The Cultivated Cowpea has a long history. It was thought to be domesticated by wild cowpea around 1000 B.C. and was widely cultivated as a grain and forage crop in Africa. After being introduced into Asia, two subspecies of the cowpea and the cowpea were evolved from the humid climate in the region. The Cultivated Cowpea is now an important component of the agricultural system in tropical and subtropical regions. The International Tropical Agricultural Research Institute in Nigeria (International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, IITA; http://old.iita.org) and the United States Ministry of agriculture (United States Department of Agriculture,) USDA) collected a large number of cowpea resources and provided rich materials for the studies of cowpea genetics and breeding. In this paper, the genetic diversity of 716 germplasm resources (502 Core Germplasms) and 52 American commercial varieties collected by the US Department of agriculture was studied in two aspects of phenotypes and genotypes. The whole genome association analysis was carried out on the characters of the numbers, the British position, the British length, the plant height, the plant type, the 100 grain weight, the vine habit and the growth period. The main results were as follows: 1, the genetic polymorphism of 17 agronomic characters of 768 cowpea resources was analyzed with reference to the standard of the United States agriculture department. The results showed that the whole population was white pods and the whole population. White, brown, smooth, and semicircular grains are the main ones, and the leaf morphology is dominated by erect, semi vines and halberd leaves. Variance analysis shows that there is no significant difference between the grain type, the position of the knot, the plant type and the habit of knot in each group, but the other traits show a certain degree of difference between the geographical groups. There are no obvious geographical groups, but there is no obvious difference in the region (classification limit). Among the groups, the commercial cultivar is distinctly different from that of the other regions, and the number of knots and the 100 grain weight is the highest in each group, and the coefficient of variation and genetic diversity are the lowest, and the genetic diversity of the African and Asian regions is the highest and the genetic relationship is close. There is no significant difference in population phenotype between North America and Latin America, and the relationship between the two and the subcontinent of Central Asia and South Asia is closer. As a result, it is inferred that after the origin of Africa, the Cultivated Cowpea has experienced second domestication in Asia and then through colonial expansion into the.2 of the Americas, using the GBS (Genotyping by Sequencing) method. The genetic diversity of population, population structure and system clustering was analyzed by 1048 high efficient SNP markers obtained in the test group. Genetic diversity showed that the genetic diversity was the most abundant in East Africa, West Africa and South Asian subcontinent, and the diversity of East Asia, Central Asia, Europe and North America was low. Most of the interbody genetic variations come from within the population (90%), but between non populations (10%). Cluster analysis and genetic distance from various geographic populations indicate that the genetic relationship between the Americas, the subcontinent of South Asia and the southeastern Africa is close; the relationship between East Asia, Central Asia and Europe is closer; and the North American commercial variety and the western African Group are more closely related. Although the phenotype has a certain difference in phenotype, the genotype consistency is higher. The result is again verifying that the Cultivated Cowpea should originate in West Africa or East Africa, and then pass into the South Asian subcontinent for second times domestication, and the commercial varieties in North America may introduce a large number of western African local resources.3 in the breeding process, and select 8 more important agronomic traits: the number of knot English, The location, length, height, plant height, plant type, 100 grain weight, vines habit and growth period, use 1048 SNP markers and 768 cowpea resources to map them. Under four linear models, the loci of scaffold22616 and scaffold8664 are significantly related to the growth period, and the close loci of C35010719 are significantly related to plant height: C35084948 and scaffold72837 The nearby loci were significantly related to the length of the English length; the loci near scaffold20520 were significantly related to the number of nodding; the sites of C35004001, C35022001, scaffold26894 and scaffold95778 were significantly related to 100 grain weight. The development of these markers was beneficial to the improvement of the application of association analysis on cowpea. Test.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S643.4
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本文编号：1774476