分子标记辅助选择培育抗稻瘟病和白叶枯病水稻光温敏核不育系

发布时间：2018-04-20 12:22

本文选题：水稻光温敏核不育系 + 稻瘟病　；参考：《华中农业大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：两系法杂交水稻是我国发明的水稻杂种优势利用方法,与三系法杂交稻相比,两系法杂交水稻育种环节减少、细胞质多样化、配组自由,易于选育优质高产的组合,已经成为我国杂交水稻的主要栽培类型,但是目前其抗病性并没有明显提高。在水稻光温敏核不育系的选育中,育种家主要注重育性稳定性、稻米品质、配合力等方面的改良,使得目前许多两系杂交水稻的稻瘟病和白叶枯病抗性较差,已严重影响我国的水稻生产。分子标记辅助选择技术的发展和应用,为有效改良水稻光温敏核不育系的抗稻瘟病和抗白叶枯病提供了技术支持。本研究利用分子标记辅助选择和基因聚合技术,通过杂交、回交和复交,将抗稻瘟病基因Pi2和抗白叶枯病基因Xa7、Xa21和Xa23渗入到3个优良的水稻光温敏核不育系C815S、广占63-4S和华328S背景中,创建了一系列稻瘟病和白叶枯病抗性得到明显改良的光温敏核不育系新材料,并通过冷水处理、人工气候箱筛选、育性稳定性鉴定、主要农艺性状和开花习性考察、稻米品质分析、组合测配和产量比较试验,获得了以下研究结果:1.选育出性状基本稳定的光温敏核不育系14个。其中携带Pi2基因抗稻瘟病的光温敏核不育系5个,分别命名为华1032S、华1033S、华1034S、华1037S和华1035S;抗白叶枯病的不育系8个,分别是携带Xa7基因的华1017S,携带Xa23基因的华1006S和华1009S,同时携带Xa7和Xa21基因的华1002S、华1005S、华1010S和华1012S,同时携带Xa7和Xa23基因的华1001S;携带Pi2和Xa23基因同时抗稻瘟病和白叶枯病的不育系1个,华1015S。2.连续两年在稻瘟病常发区的远安和恩施自然诱发鉴定结果表明,5个携带Pi2基因的光温敏核不育系,华1032S、华1033S、华1034S、华1037S和华1035S,稻瘟病抗性为中抗至高抗,同时携带Pi2和Xa23基因的华1015S,稻瘟病表现中感至抗,受体亲本C815S和广占63-4S均表现高感。以6个新选育的不育系与高感稻瘟病恢复系IR24配制的杂交组合,稻瘟病表现为中抗至抗,而受体亲本C815S和广占63-4S与IR24配制的组合表现中感至高感。用62个稻瘟病菌株人工接种鉴定叶瘟表明,6个新育成的不育系,稻瘟病抗性频率在87.1%-98.4%之间,而C815S和广占63-4S抗性频率分别仅为33.9%和41.9%。ii3.人工接种白叶枯病菌株抗性鉴定结果表明,华1006S、华1009S、华1002S、华1005S、华1001S、华1010S、华1012S和华1015S等8个不育系,对PXO61、PXO99、GD1358、ZHE173、Fu J、YN24和He N11等7个菌株表现中抗至高抗,而受体亲本C815S对7个菌株表现中感至感,广占63-4S除了抗He N11菌株以外,中感或感其他6个菌株。以上8个不育系与感白叶枯病的恢复系IR24所配制的杂交组合,除了中感个别菌株以外,对大多数菌株都表现中抗至高抗,而C815S和广占63-4S与IR24配制的组合对7个菌株都表现中感至高感。华1017S(仅携带Xa7基因)感PXO99,中感Fu J和Yu N24,高抗ZHE173、抗PXO61和GD1358、中抗He N11,其所配杂交组合也有相似的表现。4.人工气候箱育性鉴定结果表明,华1006S、华1009S、华1002S、华1037S、华1034S、华1012S、华1035S、华1015S和华1017S等9个不育系的育性转换临界温度与受体亲本C815S和广占63-4S相似,都小于22℃;华1005S和华1010S的育性转换临界温度处于22℃和23℃之间;华1032S和华1033S的育性转换临界温度在23℃和24℃之间;华1001S的育性转换临界温度高于24℃。5.武汉自然条件下的育性动态观察表明,华1006S、华1009S、华1002S、华1037S、华1034S、华1012S、华1035S、华1015S、华1017S、华1005S、华1032S和华1033S等12个不育系的稳定不育期为71-88d,与其各自轮回亲本相似。华1010S和华1001S的稳定不育期分别为61d和52d,明显短于受体亲本C815S和广占63-4S。6.生育特性观察表明,14个新选育的不育系平均播始历期为83-92d,与受体亲本C815S、广占63-4S和华328S相似。在武汉不育期的主要农艺性状考察表明,华1034S、华1015S和华1017S的株高分别高于受体亲本C815S、广占63-4S和华328S,其余不育系的主要农艺性状与受体亲本相似。在海南冬季可育期的主要农艺性状考察表明,华1002S、华1034S和华1017S的株高显著高于受体亲本C815S和华328S,华1002S和华1034S的自然结实率分别只有28.0%和38.0%、低于受体亲本C815S以外,其余12个不育系的自然结实率为47.1%-86.0%,均高于受体亲本。在高温条件下,华1037S和华1015S的开花习性明显好于受体亲本C815S和广占63-4S。7、稻米品质分析结果表明,华1034S的理化指标达到了国标三级优质稻标准,华1035S的整精米率48.8%,直链淀粉含量14.1%,其余理化指标都达到了国标二级优质稻谷标准。其余12个不育系的主要稻米品质指标都与受体亲本C815S、广占63-4S和华328S相似。
[Abstract]:Two line hybrid rice is the method of utilizing the Heterosis of hybrid rice invented in China. Compared with three line hybrid rice, the two line hybrid rice has less breeding links, a variety of cytoplasm, free combination and easy selection of high quality and high yield combination. It has become the main cultivation type of hybrid rice in China, but its resistance to disease has not been significantly raised at present. In the breeding of rice photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile line, the breeders mainly pay attention to the improvement of fertility stability, rice quality and combining ability, which make the rice blast and blight resistance of many two hybrid rice are poor, and have seriously affected the rice production in China. The development and application of molecular marker assisted selection technology are effective. Good rice photoperiod and thermo sensitive genic male sterile lines provide technical support for resistance to blast and bacterial blight. This study used molecular marker assisted selection and gene polymerization technology to infiltrate the blast resistant gene Pi2 and Xa7, Xa21 and Xa23 into 3 fine rice light thermosensitive genic male sterile lines, C815S, by hybridization, backcross and crossbreeding. In the background of 63-4S and China 328S, a series of new materials for photoperiod and thermo sensitive genic male sterile lines of rice blast and white leaf blight have been established, and the main agronomic characters and flowering habits, rice quality analysis, combination and yield comparison test have been obtained by cold water treatment, artificial climate box screening, identification of fertility stability, analysis of main agronomic characters and flowering habits, rice quality analysis, combination test and yield comparison test. The results were as follows: 1. 14 Photoperiod Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines with basic stable characters were selected, of which 5 light thermo sensitive genic male sterile lines carrying Pi2 gene were named as 1032S, Hua 1033S, Hua 1034S, Chinese 1037S and Hua 1035S, and 8 sterile lines against white leaf blight were the Chinese 1017S with Xa7 gene, 1006S and China 10 with Xa23 gene, respectively. 09S, the Chinese 1002S, 1005S, Hua 1010S and 1012S, which carry the Xa7 and Xa21 genes, and 1001S with Xa7 and Xa23 genes, and 1 male sterile lines carrying Pi2 and Xa23 genes against rice blast and white leaf blight at the same time. The light thermo sensitive genic male sterile line, Hua 1032S, Hua 1033S, Hua 1034S, Hua 1037S and Hua 1035S, the resistance of rice blast to the highest resistance to the highest resistance, and the Pi2 and Xa23 gene in the Chinese 1015S, the rice blast resistance, the receptor parent C815S and the broad occupied 63-4S all showed high sense. 6 newly selected sterile lines were mixed with the hybrid group of the high sense rice blast recovery line. Rice blast was characterized by moderate resistance to rice blast, while the receptor parent C815S and 63-4S and IR24 were highly susceptible to the combination of 63-4S and IR24. Artificial inoculation of 62 strains of rice blast showed that 6 newly bred lines were resistant to 87.1%-98.4%, while C815S and 63-4S were only 33.9% and 41.9%.ii3., respectively. The results of resistance identification by artificial inoculation showed that 8 sterile lines, such as Chinese 1006S, Hua 1009S, Hua 1002S, Hua 1005S, Chinese 1001S, Hua 1010S, Hua 1012S and Hua 1015S, were resistant to the highest resistance to PXO61, PXO99, GD1358, ZHE173, recurrence, etc., while the receptor parent was susceptible to the 7 strains. In addition to the strain of He N11, 6 strains were susceptible or felt. The hybrid combination of the 8 sterile lines and the restorer line of the blight of the white leaf blight, in addition to a few strains, showed the highest resistance to most of the strains, while the combination of C815S and 63-4S and IR24 was highly sensitive to the 7 strains. With Xa7 gene, PXO99, Fu J and Yu N24, high resistance to ZHE173, anti PXO61 and GD1358, and He N11, the hybrid combinations also have similar manifestations of.4. artificial climate box fertility identification results showed that the critical temperature of fertility conversion of 9 sterile lines, such as Hua Hua, Hua, Hua, Hua, Hua, Hua and Hua, and so on The receptor parent C815S was similar to that of 63-4S, all less than 22 C; the critical temperature of fertility conversion of 1005S and Hua 1010S was between 22 and 23; the critical temperature of the fertility conversion of 1032S and 1033S was between 23 and 24; the critical temperature of the fertility conversion of 1001S was higher than that of 24 C and.5. in Wuhan. S, Hua 1009S, Hua 1002S, Hua 1037S, Hua 1034S, Hua 1012S, Hua 1035S, Hua 1015S, Hua 1017S, Hua 1005S, Hua 1032S and Hua 1033S were similar to their respective recurrent parents. The results showed that the average sowing date of the 14 newly selected sterile lines was 83-92d, which was similar to that of the recipient parent C815S, which accounted for 63-4S and 328S. The main agronomic characters of the sterile stage in Wuhan showed that the plant height of Hua 1034S, Hua 1015S and Hua 1017S was higher than that of the recipient parent C815S, which accounted for 63-4S and 328S, and the main agronomic traits of the other sterile lines and the recipient parent. The main agronomic characteristics of the winter breeding period in Hainan showed that the plant height of China 1002S, Hua 1034S and Hua 1017S was significantly higher than that of the recipient parent C815S and the Chinese 328S, and the natural setting rates of the Chinese 1002S and 1034S were only 28% and 38% respectively, and the natural setting rates of the other 12 sterile lines were higher than those of the recipient parent C815S, and the natural setting rates of the other 12 sterile lines were all high. In the recipient parent, the flowering habits of 1037S and 1015S were better than the recipient parent C815S and 63-4S.7. The results of rice quality analysis showed that the physicochemical index of China 1034S reached the standard of three grade national standard of national standard, the whole essential rice rate of the Chinese 1035S was 48.8%, the amylose content of the amylose was 14.1%, and the residual physicochemical index reached the national standard two. The main rice quality indexes of the other 12 sterile lines are similar to those of the recipient parent C815S, widely occupied by 63-4S and Hua 328S.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S511

【参考文献】