亚洲型舞毒蛾不同地理种群遗传结构和雌成虫飞行行为的研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 18:43

本文选题：亚洲型舞毒蛾 + ISSR遗传标记　；参考：《北京林业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar Linnaeus)属鳞翅目(Lepidoptera),毒蛾科(Lymantriidae),毒蛾属(Lymantria)。其寄主范围广,危害大,是全球公认的杂食性害虫。基于地理分布、幼虫寄主树种和雌成虫飞行能力,舞毒蛾分为三个亚种：欧洲亚种、亚洲亚种和日本亚种,前者又称为欧洲型舞毒蛾,后两者统称为亚洲型舞毒蛾。亚洲型舞毒蛾卵打破低温滞育的时间短；亚洲型舞毒蛾幼虫寄主树种比欧洲型舞毒蛾幼虫的寄主树种多；亚洲型舞毒蛾雌成虫飞行能力强且有趋光性,而欧洲型舞毒蛾雌成虫无飞行能力,因此亚洲型舞毒蛾危害更大。为了解中国地区亚洲型舞毒蛾的遗传结构,本文使用了简单重复序列间区多态性(ISSR)遗传标记技术对不同地理种群舞毒蛾的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了研究；使用DNA条形码技术对中国的亚洲型舞毒蛾进行了种源鉴定；最后,在不同光照强度和黑暗时间条件下,本文还研究了不同国家亚洲型舞毒蛾雌成虫飞行行为之间的差异。主要结果如下：1.中国地区亚洲型舞毒蛾遗传多样性比欧洲型舞毒蛾高。舞毒蛾在物种水平的遗传多样性(Nei's,H)是0.2357,种群水平的遗传多样性为0.1845士0.0150。不同种群间多态性比较得出：中国河北种群多态性最高,内蒙古阿尔山种群最低,意味着河北种群对环境适应能力最强,易扩散到新的生活环境。八个种群间的遗传距离范围是0.0432-0.1034,基于非加权配对算术平均法构建的聚类图显示：地理距离相对近的种群遗传距离也相对较近,因此倾向聚在一起。分子方差分析显示：种间存在25.43%的遗传变异(FST=0.2543,P0.001).2.中国有部分样本具有欧洲型或西伯利亚舞毒蛾线粒体COI基因的特征。“NB酶切”体系结果显示中国有两个舞毒蛾种群同时具有亚洲型舞毒蛾和欧洲型舞毒蛾的酶切特征。亚洲型舞毒蛾和欧洲型舞毒蛾在线粒体COI基因条形码上的基因离散率为各自离散率的三倍。贝叶斯(Bayesian)和TCS聚类分析显示：来自中国55%的舞毒蛾个体和一些来自俄罗斯和日本的舞毒蛾表现为同一种基因型。此外,本研究首次报道了9种新的舞毒蛾线粒体COI基因型。中国两个种群(贵州和辽宁)的舞毒蛾的线粒体COI基因型与俄罗斯西伯利亚舞毒蛾相似却不完全一致,此结果暗示可能有一个新的舞毒蛾亚种在中国出现,或者早期有人为传入欧洲型舞毒蛾。3.黑暗时间对雌成虫飞行倾向有显著影响,不同种群飞行能力和倾向间有差异。舞毒蛾雌成虫飞行倾向、爬行活动、翅扇动活动和自愿起飞的起始时间,以及翅扇动时长等指标,在不同种群中差异性显著。雌成虫在黑暗时间为0-1 h时的自愿起飞比例低于其它两个时间段(1-2 h和2-3 h),说明飞行活动受到内在生物节律的调控。光照强度对自愿起飞的雌成虫比例无显著性影响,但对起飞行为如爬行和翅扇动活动的起始时间有显著性影响。光照强度和黑暗时间的交互作用,对雌成虫翅扇动比例有显著性影响。不同种群中具备持续飞行能力的雌成虫比例不同,证实了飞行能力并非在某些亚种或种群中固定不变。以上结果所揭示的舞毒蛾遗传结构和飞行行为规律,为评估舞毒蛾这一世界性检疫害虫的种群动态分布和扩散风险提供了有力的科学依据。
[Abstract]:Lymantria dispar Linnaeus (dispar Linnaeus) belongs to the order Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera), the family Lymantriidae, and the genus moth (Lymantria). The host is widely recognized as a global omnivorous pest. Based on geographical distribution, the larval host species and the female adult flying energy are divided into three subspecies: European subspecies, Asian subspecies and Japan subspecies. The former is also called the European type dancer moth. The latter two are known as the Asian type gypsy moth. The Asian type gypsy moth eggs break the time of low temperature diapause; the Asian type dances of the moth larvae are more species than the European type larvae of the gypsy moth; the female adult of the Asiatic gypsy moth has a strong and light flight ability, while the European type female moth is a female adult. In order to understand the genetic structure of Asiatic gypsy moth in China, the genetic diversity and genetic structure of ISSR genetic markers were used to study the genetic diversity and genetic structure of different geographic species of gypsy moths, and the DNA barcode technology was used in China to study the genetic structure of the Asian type Asian type dancetmoth moth. The Asiatic gypsy moth was identified as the source of the species. Finally, the difference between the flight behavior of the female adults in different countries was also studied under different light intensity and dark time. The main results are as follows: 1. the genetic diversity of the Asian type Asian dancer moth is higher than that of the European type, and the dancer moth is in the species water. The genetic diversity (Nei's, H) was 0.2357, and the genetic diversity of population level was compared with the polymorphism of 0.1845 0.0150. in different populations. The highest polymorphism in Hebei population in China and the lowest in Inner Mongolia Arxan population means that Hebei population is the most adaptable to the environment. The genetic diversity of the population in the Hebei population is easy to spread to the new living environment. The inheritance between eight populations is hereditary. The distance range is 0.0432-0.1034, based on the unweighted arithmetic mean method, the cluster map shows that the relative geographical distance is relatively close, and therefore tends to get together. The molecular variance analysis shows that there are 25.43% genetic variations (FST=0.2543, P0.001) between species (FST=0.2543, P0.001), and some of the samples in China are European or western. The characteristics of the mitochondrial COI gene of the Berian gypsy moth. The results of the "NB enzyme cutting" system show that two Chinese moth populations have the characteristics of the Asiatic moth and the European gypsy moth. The dispersion rate of the Asiatic gypsy moth and the European type gypsy moth in the mitochondrial COI gene bar code is three times the discrete rate. Bayesian and TCS cluster analysis showed that 55% Chinese gypsy moths and some gypsy moths from Russia and Japan were the same genotypes. In addition, 9 new types of mitochondrial COI genotypes were reported for the first time in this study. The mitochondrial COI genotypes of the Chinese two populations (Guizhou and Liaoning) were the mitochondrial COI genotypes and OO The Siberia dance moths are similar but not identical. The results suggest that there may be a new subspecies of gypsy moth in China, or early human introduction of the European type.3. in the dark time, which has a significant influence on the female adult flying tendency, and the flight ability and tendency of different populations are different. Activity, wing movement and starting time of voluntary take-off, and the length of wing movement are significant in different populations. The voluntary take-off ratio of female adults at 0-1 h in the dark time is lower than that of the other two periods (1-2 h and 2-3 h), indicating that the flight activity is regulated by the intrinsic rhythm of biological rhythm. There was no significant effect on the proportion of female adults, but it had a significant effect on the start time of take-off behavior such as crawling and wing movement. The interaction of light intensity and dark time had a significant effect on the proportion of female adult wing movement. The proportion of female adult with continuous flying ability in different populations was different, which proved that the flying ability was not in a certain extent. The genetic structure and flight behavior of the gypsy moth revealed by the above results provide a powerful scientific basis for evaluating the population dynamic distribution and diffusion risk of the gypsy moth, a world quarantine pest.

【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S433

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