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棉花叶片衰老的根—冠互作机制研究

发布时间:2018-04-23 06:40

  本文选题:棉花 + 嫁接 ; 参考:《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文


【摘要】:为了阐明棉花根系主导型的激素机制,观察不同根-冠互作类型形成的机制,本文采用衰老快的中41和衰老慢的中棉所49(中49)进行单接穗单砧木(Ⅰ型)和双接穗单砧木(Y型)自身嫁接及互相嫁接,在正常供钾条件下(2.5 mmol/L),所有嫁接处理的叶片衰老程度基本一致;在低钾胁迫条件下(0.03 mmol/L),以中41为砧木的接穗叶片衰老较快、程度较重,以中49为砧木的相反。因此,中41和中49嫁接组合的叶片衰老根-冠互作类型属于根系主导型。进一步研究表明,以中棉所41为砧木的Ⅰ型嫁接,嫁接后4周其叶片中的ZR+Z(玉米素核苷+玉米素)和iPA+iP(异戊烯基腺嘌呤核苷+异戊烯基腺嘌呤)浓度及接穗木质部汁液中的ZR+Z和iPA+iP流量在绝大多数情况下显著低于以中49为砧木的处理,ABA(脱落酸)的结果则相反。双接穗单砧木(Y型)嫁接的结果与Ⅰ型嫁接相似,但根系对叶片衰老的作用未表现出绝对优势。为研究叶片衰老不同根-冠互作类型的解剖学原因,观察了中41和鲁22(地上部主导型)及中41和中49(根系主导型)Ⅰ型嫁接各处理(自身嫁接、互相嫁接)的嫁接体形成过程。发现棉花嫁接体愈合过程可分为3个阶段:(1)隔离层的形成与增厚,砧穗形成初始粘连(嫁接后2d时),形成层细胞等脱分化为愈伤组织(少量);(2)愈伤组织大量产生,突破隔离层,隔离层变薄,新的维管组织基本都形成(嫁接后4 d);(3)愈伤组织开始分化为新的组织,隔离层基本被吸收,砧木和接穗之间形成连通(嫁接后6 d)。在此过程中,CTK(细胞分裂素)和IAA(吲哚乙酸)协同正调控愈伤组织形成,促进维管组织的修复;ABA对愈伤组织形成起负调控作用,但可能促进愈伤组织的分化。叶片衰老不同根-冠互作类型及同一类型不同处理的嫁接体发育过程未见明显差异。此外,观察2种根-冠互作类型Ⅰ型和Y型嫁接后1-4周各处理砧木和接穗的下胚轴解剖结构,结果表明,嫁接后2-3周Ⅰ型嫁接接穗木质部薄壁细胞的木化程度受砧木影响较大,而导管的发育主要与由接穗品种决定,Y型嫁接则未表现出这种趋势。嫁接后4周地上部主导型Ⅰ型嫁接接穗下胚轴解剖结构与砧木品种更为相似,与其木质部CK和ABA的流量主要受地上部调节不符;Y型嫁接2个不同接穗之间下胚轴解剖结构的差异与其木质部CK和ABA流量的差异虽然具有一致性但可能是一种伴生现象。嫁接后4周根系主导型Ⅰ型嫁接砧木对接穗的影响很大,但这与砧木对接穗下胚轴木质部CK和ABA流量的调节可能也是一种伴生现象;Y型嫁接2个不同接穗之间下胚轴解剖结构差异较大,与2者之间CK和ABA流量无显著差异的结果不符。缺钾诱导条件下,衰老快的中41与衰老慢的鲁22和中49分别嫁接后叶片衰老表现出地上部决定型和根系决定型,这两种根-冠互作方式与接穗下胚轴木质部植物激素(ZR+Z、iPA+iP和ABA)流量有关,与嫁接体发育过程和嫁接后1-4周下胚轴解剖学结构发育无关。
[Abstract]:In order to elucidate the hormone mechanism of root dominant type in cotton, the mechanism of root-crown interaction was observed. In this paper, single scion single rootstock (type I) and double scion single rootstock (type Y) were grafted and grafted with each other by using Zhong41 with fast senescence and Zhongmiansuo with slow senescence (Zhongmiansuo 49). Under the condition of normal potassium supplying 2.5 mmol / L, the senescence degree of all grafted leaves was basically the same; under low potassium stress, the senescence of scion leaves with medium 41 as rootstock was faster and heavier than that with Zhong49 as rootstock, and 0.03 mmol / L under low potassium stress. Therefore, the leaf senescence root-crown interaction type of Zhon41 and Zhon49 graft combinations belongs to the root dominant type. Further study showed that type I graft of Zhongmiansuo 41 was used as rootstock. Four weeks after grafting, ZR ZZ (zeatin zeatin) and iPA I (isoamyl adenine) concentration in leaves and ZR Z and iPA IP flow in xylem sap of scion were in most cases. The results of abscisic acid (abscisic acid) treatment were significantly lower than those of Zhong49 rootstock. The result of double scion single rootstock grafting was similar to that of type 鈪,

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