体外法评价肉牛饲料净蛋白质利用率和瘤胃降解率

发布时间：2018-05-04 12:22

本文选题：净蛋白利用率 + 尼龙袋法　；参考：《中国农业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：本试验采用体内法(消化代谢试验)和体外技术(尼龙袋法、活体外产气量法、酶解法)分别测定了肉牛常用12种饲料的蛋白质的消化率、净蛋白利用率和瘤胃降解率,并建立了体外法与体内法结果的回归关系,为应用体外法估测肉牛饲料蛋白质营养价值提供方法参考。试验1：选择我国肉牛常用的12种饲料,采用消化代谢试验测定了其消化率和净蛋白利用率,并对二者进行了相关性分析。结果显示,豆粕的消化率和净蛋白利用率最高,分别达到89.86%和82.41%,而玉米秸蛋白质的消化率和净蛋白利用率最低,分别为33.24%和29.03%；12种饲料的净蛋白利用率(Y)和消化率(X)之间存在高度的相关性Y=0.9085X-0.0044(R2=0.9769,P0.05),其中能量饲料为Y能量=0.9502X-0.016(R2=0.9833,P0.05)；粗饲料为Y粗料=0.9174X-0.015(R2=0.9925,P0.05);蛋白饲料为Y蛋白=1.0042X-0.095(R2=0.7017,P0.05)。综上,消化代谢试验能够准确测定饲料蛋白质的消化率和净蛋白利用率,饼粕类饲料的蛋白质品质最优,秸秆类的蛋白质品质较差,且饲料净蛋白利用率和消化率之间存在显著的相关性。试验2：利用传统尼龙袋法测定了试验1所选12种饲料蛋白质瘤胃降解率,并建立其有效降解率与体内法净蛋白利用率结果间的回归关系式。结果显示：传统尼龙袋法测定的瘤胃蛋白质有效降解率(X)与体内法净蛋白质利用率NPU(Y)间的回归关系：Y=1.6266X-54.54,R2=0.7690(P0.05)。其中,能量饲料、蛋白饲料和粗饲料蛋白质瘤胃降解率(X)与NPU(Y)的线性关系式分别为：Y能量=1.4179X-45.85(R2=0.8331,P0.05)；Y蛋白=1.5617X-43.98(R2=0.7232,P0.05);Y粗料=4.0166X-198.62(R2=0.8955,P0.05)。综上,尼龙袋法测定的饲料蛋白质降解率与体内法净蛋白利用率结果间存在高度的相关性,能够替代体内法用于快速评价饲料的蛋白质营养价值。试验3：建立了棒棒尼龙袋法(BB法)测定12种饲料蛋白质瘤胃降解率的方法,并建立了BB法饲料蛋白质降解率与传统尼龙袋法瘤胃降解率及净蛋白利用率间的回归关系式。结果显示：(1)BB法测定饲料蛋白质降解参数的a值高于传统法测定值(P0.05),但对c值没有影响(P0.05),BB法测定的蛋白质有效降解率也高于传统法结果；(2)BB法(X)和传统尼龙袋法(Y)测定的饲料蛋白质有效降解率之间存在高度的相关性：Y=0.7801X+12.939,R2=0.8445(P0.05)；(3)BB法测定的蛋白质瘤胃降解率(x)与净蛋白利用率(Y)之间的线性关系式分别为,能量饲料：Y能量=1.8312X1-83.85(R2=0.9130,P0.05);蛋白质饲料：Y蛋白=0.9270X1+1.1745(R2=0.9367,P0.05)；粗饲料：Y粗料=1.4251X1-44.76(R2=0.8564,P0.05)。试验4：基于产气量与组入NH3-N之间存在的相关性,利用活体外产气量法测定了试验1选取的12种饲料蛋白质体外瘤胃降解率,并建立了基于体外产气法测定的蛋白质瘤胃降解率与尼龙袋法蛋白质瘤胃降解率以及NPU结果间的回归关系式。结果显示：(1)体外产气量与组入NH3-N之间存在高度相关性,其中以培养6h时相关系数最高：Y=0.1331X+0.133,R2=0.9896(P0.05)；(2)产气量法测定的饲料蛋白质降解率(X)与体内法NPU(Y)间存在高度的相关关系,三组饲料(能量、蛋白、粗料)均以体外培养6h时相关系数最高,分别为Y能量=1.6295X-17.70(R2=0.8909,P0.05);Y蛋白=0.8482X+34.81(R2=0.8650,P0.05)；Y粗料=0.5633X+33.20(R2=0.8517,P0.05)；(3)体外产气量法测定的蛋白质降解率(X)与尼龙袋法结果(Z)存在一定的相关性,能量饲料在体外发酵6h时相关系数最高,Z能量=0.3042X+64.58,R2=0.9781(P0.05),蛋白饲料在6、12和24 h时两者的相关系数差异均不显著(P0.05),粗饲料在体外发酵12h时相关系数最高,Z粗料=1.057IX+10.22(R2=0.8942,P0.05),其他各时间点相关系数差异不显著(P0.05)。综上,活体外产气量法能够用于快速测定不同种类饲料的蛋白质降解率,以体外培养6h时与体内法测定结果相关性最高,同时与尼龙袋法结果也存在高度的相关性。试验5：利用纤维素酶—胃蛋白酶复合酶法分别测定了试验1选取的12种饲料原料3、6、12和24 h的蛋白质降解率,并基于酶解法测定蛋白质降解率与尼龙袋法蛋白质瘤胃降解率以及净蛋白利用率(NPU)结果间的回归关系式。结果显示：(1)三组饲料酶解法测定的蛋白质消化率结果与NPU间均存在高度相关关系,且都以12h时相关系数为最高,能量饲料：Y能量=0.5991X+10.89,R2=0.8179(P0.05)；蛋白饲料：Y蛋白=0.6106X+28.27,R2=0.7807(P0.05)、粗饲料：Y粗料=1.2354X-30.27,R2=0.8738(P0.05)；(2)酶解法结果(X)与尼龙袋法结果(Z)的相关性：对于能量饲料,在6h时两者的相关系数最高,Z能量=0.2797X+56.88(R2=8711,P0.05)；对于蛋白饲料,在12h时相关系数差异显著,Z蛋白=0.2692X+57.07(R2=0.8354,P0.05)；对于粗饲料,12h时两者相关系为Z=0.7625X+15.32(R2=0.7948,P0.05),其余各时间点相关系数差异不显著(P0.05)。综上,纤维素酶—胃蛋白酶法测定的蛋白质降解率与体内法和尼龙袋均存在高度相关关系,因此可以用于快速测定饲料蛋白质的瘤胃降解率。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, the digestibility, the net protein utilization rate and the rumen degradation rate of the 12 kinds of cattle feed were measured by the body method (digestion and metabolism test) and in vitro technology (nylon bag method, the method of living volume and enzymatic hydrolysis), and the regression relationship between the in vitro method and the results of the body method was established. The method was used to estimate the feed eggs of beef cattle by using in vitro method. Method reference for nutrient value of white matter was provided. Experiment 1: the digestibility and net protein utilization of 12 kinds of feed used in Chinese beef cattle were determined by digestion and metabolism test, and the correlation analysis between the two people was carried out. The results showed that the digestibility and net protein utilization rate of soybean meal were the highest, 89.86% and 82.41% respectively, and the corn straw protein, respectively. The digestibility and net protein utilization were the lowest, 33.24% and 29.03%, respectively, and the high correlation between the net protein utilization (Y) and the digestibility (X) of 12 kinds of feed was Y=0.9085X-0.0044 (R2=0.9769, P0.05), of which the energy feed was Y energy =0.9502X-0.016 (R2=0.9833, P0.05), and the coarse feed was Y coarse material =0.9174X-0.015 (R2=0.9925,); The white feed is Y protein =1.0042X-0.095 (R2=0.7017, P0.05). To sum up, the digestion and metabolism test can accurately determine the digestibility and net protein utilization of feed protein, the protein quality of the cake type feed is the best, the protein quality of the straw is poor, and there is a significant correlation between the net protein utilization rate and the digestibility of the feed. The experiment 2: The traditional nylon bag method was used to determine the ruminal degradation rate of 12 kinds of feed proteins in the experiment 1, and the regression relationship between the effective degradation rate and the results of the net protein utilization in the body was established. The results showed that the regression relationship between the effective degradation rate of rumen protein (X) and the net protein utilization rate NPU (Y) in the body was determined by the traditional nylon bag method. Y=1.6266X-54.54, R2=0.7690 (P0.05). Among them, the linear relationship between energy feed, protein feed and crude feed protein rumen degradation rate (X) and NPU (Y) are Y energy =1.4179X-45.85 (R2=0.8331, P0.05), Y protein =1.5617X-43.98. There is a high correlation between the rate of protein degradation and the results of the net protein utilization in the body. It can replace the body method for rapid evaluation of the nutritional value of protein in the feed. Experiment 3: a method for the determination of the ruminal degradation rate of 12 kinds of feed proteins by BB method was established, and the protein degradation rate and transmission of the feed protein in the BB method were established. The regression relationship between the rumen degradation rate and the net protein utilization ratio of the nylon bag method showed that: (1) the a value of the protein degradation parameters by BB method was higher than that of the traditional method (P0.05), but had no effect on the C value (P0.05), the effective degradation rate of protein determined by BB method was also higher than that of the traditional method; (2) BB method (X) and traditional nylon bag method (Y). There was a high correlation between the effective degradation rate of the determined feed protein: Y=0.7801X+12.939, R2=0.8445 (P0.05); (3) the linear relationship between the protein rumen degradation rate (x) and the net protein utilization ratio (Y) determined by BB method was respectively, energy feed: Y energy = 1.8312X1-83.85 (R2=0.9130, P0.05); protein feed: Y protein =0.9270X1 +1.1745 (R2=0.9367, P0.05); roughage: Y coarse feed =1.4251X1-44.76 (R2=0.8564, P0.05). Test 4: Based on the correlation between gas production and group entry NH3-N, the rumen degradation rate of protein in vitro was measured in vitro, and the rumen degradation of protein in vitro was determined based on in vitro gas production method, and the protein rumen degradation was established based on in vitro gas production method. 4 The regression relationship between the solution rate and the protein rumen degradation rate of nylon bag method and the results of NPU showed that: (1) there was a high correlation between the in vitro gas production and the group NH3-N, among which the correlation coefficient was the highest when 6h was cultured: Y=0.1331X+0.133, R2=0.9896 (P0.05); (2) the protein degradation rate (X) and in vivo NPU measured by gas production method (X) (Y) there is a high correlation between the three groups of feed (energy, protein, coarse material) with the highest correlation coefficient when cultured for 6h in vitro, Y energy =1.6295X-17.70 (R2=0.8909, P0.05), Y protein =0.8482X+34.81 (R2=0.8650, P0.05), Y coarse material =0.5633X+33.20 (3) protein degradation rate measured in vitro gas production method and Nepal The result of the Dragon bag method (Z) has a certain correlation. The correlation coefficient of energy feed in vitro fermentation for 6h is the highest, Z energy =0.3042X+64.58, R2=0.9781 (P0.05). The correlation coefficient of protein feed in 6,12 and 24 h is not significant (P0.05). The correlation coefficient is the highest when the crude feed is fermented in vitro for 12h. The correlation coefficient of other time points was not significant (P0.05). To sum up, the living volume method can be used to quickly determine the protein degradation rate of different kinds of feed, and the correlation between the results of 6h and the results of the nylon bag method is the highest. Experiment 5: the use of cellulase - stomach egg The protein degradation rate of 12 feed raw materials, 3,6,12 and 24 h, was determined by white enzyme complex enzyme method, and the regression relationship between protein degradation rate and protein degradation rate and net protein utilization rate (NPU) was determined by enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed: (1) protein elimination in three groups of feed enzyme solutions The result was highly correlated with NPU, and the correlation coefficient was the highest at 12h, energy feed: Y energy =0.5991X+10.89, R2=0.8179 (P0.05); protein feed: Y protein =0.6106X+28.27, R2=0.7807 (P0.05), coarse feed: Y coarse material =1.2354X-30.27, 0.8738; (2) results of enzymatic hydrolysis and nylon bag method Correlation: for energy feed, the correlation coefficient between the two is the highest at 6h, Z energy =0.2797X+56.88 (R2=8711, P0.05); for protein feed, the correlation coefficient of protein feed is significant, Z protein =0.2692X+57.07 (R2=0.8354, P0.05), and for coarse feed and 12h, the relation between the two is Z=0.7625X+15.32, and the rest of the time points are related. The coefficient difference is not significant (P0.05). In conclusion, the protein degradation rate determined by cellulase pepsin method is highly correlated with both in vivo method and nylon bag, so it can be used to quickly determine the rumen degradation rate of feed protein.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S823.5

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