适用于鸭稻共作技术的野外自动化鸭舍设计与应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 20:29

本文选题：鸭稻共作 + 自动化鸭舍　；参考：《沈阳农业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：鸭稻共作技术的特点是根据水稻和鸭子共生共长的特性,将雏鸭投放到插秧返青后的稻田中,利用鸭子的杂食性,实现控草、控虫的作用；鸭子的田间活动增加了土壤中的溶氧量并促进有机质分解；其排泄物还田可增加稻田的有机养分。在鸭稻共作期间不施农药和化肥,有利于稻田生态环境的良性循环。通过养鸭种稻的有机结合,“以鸭育稻,以稻养鸭”,实现稻、鸭双丰收。但是,依靠人工在稻田里养鸭,每晚将鸭子从稻田赶回鸭舍和补喂饲料,既费时费力,劳动条件又差。针对这个问题,对鸭稻共作的技术特点和共作环境的分析基础上,设计了集成唤鸭回舍、喂水、喂料、回舍鸭子数量统计及反馈控制等多功能于一体的稻田鸭舍,研究了声训和图像识别鸭群等关键技术及系统控制问题,实现稻田养鸭的自动化。研究成果对促进鸭稻共作技术的推广应用具有重要意义。主要研究内容与结论如下。(1)以单片机技术为核心,开发了多模块集成的适用于鸭稻共作的稻田鸭舍自动控制系统。该系统分为自动门模块、喂料模块、喂水模块、声训模块、通信模块、人机交互模块、电源模块等七个部分。综合考虑稻田养鸭的技术特点和环境条件等因素,根据天体运行规律,按照时间顺序对开关门、饲料补给、声训唤鸭回舍等功能进行控制,满足了稻田养鸭的技术要求；利用自动检测和数据传输技术,实现了鸭舍自动供水、防夹鸭、鸭群回舍数量反馈控制等功能,保证了稻田养鸭的可靠性。(2)重点针对声训问题探索了环境因素对声音强度的影响规律、鸭子听阂动态曲线以及适合鸭子返舍的最优声音参数。通过单因素试验建立了传播距离与声音强度之间关系的数学模型,研究了风速对声音强度的影响规律；以雏鸭为研究对象,利用重复试验拟合了声压级和频率共同作用的鸭子听阈曲线,确定了可刺激鸭子听力的最低声音参数；基于LabView声训系统,通过回归正交试验,建立了鸭群回舍时间及时间差与声压级和频率等声音参数之间的数学模型,揭示了鸭群回舍速度及一致性与声音参数之间的线性关系。综合考虑鸭群回舍时间与回舍时间差,利用MATLAB参数优化,结果表明,当声压级为89dB,声音频率为15.89kHz时,鸭群回舍效果最佳,对应的鸭群回舍时间为20.51s、鸭群回舍时间差为9.18s。(3)在图像处理识别鸭子特征的基础上,建立了前景像素数与鸭子数量的数学模型,研究了自动检测鸭子是否全部回舍并实现多次开启安全门系统。利用分块直方图分析的方法建立鸭舍背景模板,并实现了背景模板的实时更新；联合应用对称差分图像与背景差分图像,提取图像前景,得到运动鸭群的二值化图像,建立前景运动目标模板；采用闭运算去除差分图像的噪声、填平图像上的空洞,从而提取运动鸭群的图像；应用透视校正模型对图像中的鸭子归一化处理,通过训练集建立了前景像素总数与鸭子只数之间的二次多项式拟合模型,根据统计的图像中鸭子数量,系统决定是否再次开门。通过验证试验检验了数学模型的准确性,为保证鸭子全部回舍提供理论依据。(4)研究了自动喂水系统,采用双重迭代法建立了喂水系统的数学模型。根据控制系统时域分析原理,采用理论分析与试验相结合的方法对系统进行识别与性能分析。试验结果的非线性回归及MATLAB对系统动态模拟分析表明,该系统为典型的一阶惯性系统,从低液位上升至高液位系统所需时间为210s,系统的稳态误差为零,能够满足鸭子喂水需要。(5)应用研制的自动化鸭舍进行田间试验,验证了自动化鸭舍的可靠性和鸭稻共作技术在辽宁地区的可行性；研究了鸭稻共作技术对土壤养分和水稻生长的影响,明确了自动化鸭舍对鸭稻共作技术的适用性。田间试验建立了声压级、声音持续时间、自动门延迟时间与鸭群回舍率之间的数学模型,据此确定鸭群回舍对应的最优使用参数。试验结果表明,喂水系统平均故障率和时间利用系数达到了设计要求；自动化鸭舍饲养与人工饲养效果相同,鸭子增重无显著差异；理论与实际给料量没有显著性差异,喂料系统工作可靠。基于研制的自动化鸭舍,采用鸭稻共作和常规插秧两种种植模式进行对比试验,结果表明,自动化鸭舍可满足鸭稻共作的工作需要,鸭稻共作起到调控土壤养分,促进水稻生长,增加产量,提高经济效益的作用。
[Abstract]:The duck rice co - cropping technology is characterized in that the ducklings are put into the rice field after the seedling transplanting and returning green according to the characteristics of the symbiotic length of the rice and the duck , and the functions of controlling the grass and controlling the worm are realized by utilizing the omnivorous nature of the ducks ;
The field activity of ducks increases the dissolved oxygen in the soil and promotes the decomposition of organic matter ;
Based on the analysis of the technical characteristics and environmental conditions of duck rice breeding , the paper designs a multi - module integrated rice - duck house automatic control system , which includes automatic door module , feeding module , water feeding module , sound training module , communication module , man - machine interaction module and power supply module .
Using automatic detection and data transmission technology , the functions of automatic water supply , anti - pinch duck and feedback control of duck group are realized , and the reliability of the rice breeding ducks is ensured . ( 2 ) The influence law of environmental factors on sound intensity , the dynamic curve of duck ' s hearing gap and the optimal sound parameters suitable for the return of ducks are explored .
In this paper , the frequency and frequency of ducklings were fitted by repeated tests to determine the minimum acoustic parameters of the duck ' s hearing by using the repeated experiments as the research objects .
Based on LabView acoustic training system , a mathematical model between time and time difference and sound pressure level and sound parameters was established by regression orthogonal test . The relationship between the time difference and sound pressure level was established .
combining the symmetrical difference image and the background difference image , extracting the image foreground , obtaining a binary image of the moving duck group , and establishing a foreground moving target template ;
the closed operation is adopted to remove the noise of the differential image , and the hole on the image is filled , so that the image of the moving duck group is extracted ;
Based on the theory of time domain analysis of control system , the mathematical model of feeding water system is established by using the method of theoretical analysis and experiment .
In this paper , the effect of duck rice co - cropping technology on soil nutrient and rice growth was studied , and the applicability of automatic duck house to duck rice was clarified . The mathematical model between sound pressure level , sound duration , automatic gate delay time and return rate of duck group was established . The results showed that the average failure rate and time utilization coefficient of feed water system reached design requirement .
There was no significant difference between the ducks ' weight gain and the feeding effect .
The results show that the automatic canard can meet the work demands of duck rice , and the duck rice can control the soil nutrient , promote the growth of rice , increase yield and increase economic benefit .

【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S834;S511

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