黑羽番鸭血液生化指标与肉用性状关联分析及MC1R、MC4R遗传效应表达的研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 21:05

本文选题：黑羽番鸭 + 肉用性状　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：本研究以江苏农牧科技职业学院培育的黑羽番鸭为试验素材,开展了黑羽番鸭血液生化指标与产肉性能的关联分析;以黑素皮质素受体1(melanocortin-1 receptor,MC1R)和黑素皮质素受体4(melanocortin-4receptor,MC4R)为候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP分析和直接测序法,开展了分子遗传多样性分析;利用RT-PCR技术和Western Blot方法分析了MC4R基因在黑羽番鸭不同生长时期胸肌、腿肌组织中mRNA和蛋白表达差异,初步揭示MC4R基因在黑羽番鸭不同时期肌肉中的遗传规律。主要研究结果如下:1.对13周龄黑羽番鸭生产性能指标进行检测,公母黑羽番鸭的7个体尺指标均存在显著差异(P0.05);宰前活重和全净膛率公番鸭(3.2 Kg,79.6%)显著高于母番鸭(1.9 Kg,76.2%)(P0.05);常规肉品质指标在公母间差异不显著(P0.05);风味氨基酸含量测定中母番鸭丙氨酸含量显著高于公番鸭(P0.05)。2.高产期笼养组和平养组黑羽番鸭公母鸭血清生化指标检测结果表明,母鸭天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性和肌酐含量笼养组显著低于平养组(P0.05),碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性笼养组显著高于平养组(P0.05);公鸭平养组血清中AST、UA、SOD活性显著高于笼养组(P0.05),ALP显著低于笼养组(P0.05),睾酮(TES)含量极显著低于笼养组(P0.01)。表明不同饲养方式对黑羽番鸭血清生化指标有一定影响。3.黑羽番鸭公鸭产肉性能、肉品质以及血液生化指标进行关联分析,产肉性状与肉品质性状间的相关系数达显著水平(P0.05),占两组性状间总相关信息的35.4%;产肉性状与血清生化性状间的相关系数达极显著水平(P0.01),占两组性状间总相关信息的48.6%;肉品质性状与血清生化性状相关系数达显著水平(P0.05),占两组性状间总相关信息的20.3%。表明产肉性状、肉品质性状、血液生化性状间,起主要作用的性状为半净膛重、全净膛重、pH、失水率和碱性磷酸酶。4.黑羽番鸭MC4R基因编码区发现C645T、G672A突变;公番鸭在初生、10周龄、13周龄时TTGG型和CTAG型的体重显著性高于CCAG型体重(P0.05),CCGG型仅在13周龄时体重显著低于TTGG型(P0.05),其他基因型之间体重无显著性差异(P0.05)。公番鸭TTGG型宰前活重显著性高于CCAG型、CCGG型(P0.05);半净膛重、全净膛重显著性高于CCGG型(P0.05)。CCAG型和TTGG型胸肌重显著性高于CCGG型、CTAG型和CTGG型(P0.05);CCGG型胸肌率显著低于其他基因型(P0.05)。母鸭体重、屠宰性能指标在不同基因型间均无显著性差异(P0.05)。表明MC4R基因对黑羽番鸭公鸭早期体重和屠宰性能有明显的影响作用。5.黑羽番鸭MC1R基因编码区发现G274A、G279A和C485A突变,在第279处的G-A突变中白羽番鸭仅有GG型,而全黑番鸭群体都以GA、AA型存在;全白番鸭与其他3个番鸭群体之间卡方值最大,推测此位点对番鸭的羽色影响较大。6.对0-13周龄黑羽番鸭胸肌和腿肌MC4R基因mRNA动态表达水平进行检测,初生黑羽番鸭的mRNA含量显著高于其他各周龄(P0.05),同一性别、同一肌肉组织样中mRNA含量均存在显著差异(P0.05),且总体上mRNA含量是先下降后趋于平稳;Western blot检测结果表明,13周龄公番鸭胸肌组织MC4R基因蛋白表达显著低于腿肌(P0.05),母番鸭胸肌组织MC4R基因蛋白表达高于于腿肌(P0.05);公番鸭胸肌MC4R基因蛋白表达总体上要低于母番鸭。蛋白表达与mRNA表达结果有差异,MC4R基因表达规律不明显。
[Abstract]:In this study, the relationship between the blood biochemical indexes and meat production performance of black feather Muscovy ducks, cultivated by Jiangsu agricultural and animal husbandry science and technology Career Academy, was carried out. The candidate genes were melanocortin receptor 1 (melanocortin-1 receptor, MC1R) and melanocortin receptor 4 (melanocortin-4receptor, MC4R), and PCR-SSCP analysis was used. The genetic diversity analysis was carried out by direct sequencing, and the difference of mRNA and protein expression of MC4R gene in the breast and leg muscle tissues of black feather muscovy duck was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western Blot methods. The genetic rules of MC4R gene in the muscle of black feather Muscovy ducks at different periods were preliminarily revealed. The main results were as follows: 1. to 13 The performance indexes of the week old black feather Muscovy ducks were detected, and there were significant differences (P0.05) in the 7 size indexes of the male and female Muscovy ducks. The live weight before the slaughter and the full chamber rate male Muscovy ducks (3.2 Kg, 79.6%) were significantly higher than the female Muscovy ducks (1.9 Kg, 76.2%) (P0.05); the conventional meat quality indexes were not significantly different between the male and female (P0.05), and the determination of the content of the flavor amino acids was the mother. The content of alanine in Muscovy ducks was significantly higher than that of male and Muscovy duck (P0.05).2.. The results of serum biochemical indexes of black duck and Muscovy Duck in the high production period of P0.05.2. group showed that the activity of alanine aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and creatinine content in the cage group were significantly lower than that of the flat feed group (P0.05), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and superoxide dismutase (S). OD) the active cage group was significantly higher than that of the flat feed group (P0.05), and the activity of AST, UA and SOD in the serum of the duck flat breeding group was significantly higher than that in the cage group (P0.05), ALP was significantly lower than that of the cage group (P0.05), and the content of testosterone (TES) was significantly lower than that in the cage group (P0.01). The correlation coefficient between meat quality and blood biochemical indexes was analyzed. The correlation coefficient between meat quality and meat quality traits reached significant level (P0.05), which accounted for 35.4% of the total correlation information between two groups of traits. The correlation coefficient between meat producing traits and serum biochemical characters was very significant (P0.01), accounting for 48.6% of the total correlation information between two groups of traits; meat quality. The correlation coefficient of the characters and serum biochemical characters reached a significant level (P0.05), and the 20.3%. of the total correlation information between the two groups showed that the characters of meat production, meat quality and blood biochemical characters were half net weight, full net weight, pH, water loss rate and MC4R gene coding region of black feather muscovy duck with alkaline phosphatase, C645T, G672A process. The weight of TTGG type and CTAG type of Muscovy ducks was significantly higher than that of type CCAG (P0.05) at the age of 10 weeks and 13 weeks of age. The body weight of CCGG type was significantly lower than TTGG (P0.05) at 13 weeks old, and there was no significant difference in weight between other genotypes (P0.05). The significance of the live weight of male Muscovy ducks was higher than that of CCAG, CCGG (P0.05), and half clean weight. The significant weight of net weight was higher than that of type CCGG (P0.05).CCAG and TTGG type, which was significantly higher than that of CCGG, CTAG and CTGG (P0.05), and the percentage of CCGG type pectoral muscle was significantly lower than that of other genotypes (P0.05). Slaughter performance has obvious effect on.5. black feather muscovy duck MC1R gene coding region to find G274A, G279A and C485A mutation. In the 279th G-A mutation, white feather muscovy duck is only GG type, and all black muscovy duck population is GA, AA type, and all White Muscovy duck and other 3 Muscovy ducks have the largest square value. It is presumed that this site has a great influence on the feather color of Muscovy duck. The dynamic expression level of MC4R gene mRNA in the chest and leg muscles of 0-13 weeks old black feather Muscovy ducks was detected. The mRNA content of the primary black feather muscovy duck was significantly higher than that of the other weeks (P0.05). The same sex, the mRNA content in the same muscle tissue was significantly different (P0.05), and the total mRNA content was first descended and then tended to be stable; Western blot was detected. The results showed that the expression of MC4R gene protein in the breast muscle tissue of 13 weeks old Muscovy ducks was significantly lower than that of the leg muscle (P0.05). The expression of MC4R gene protein in the Muscovy duck breast muscle was higher than that of the leg muscle (P0.05). The expression of MC4R gene protein in the Muscovy duck breast muscle was lower than that of the Muscovy duck. The expression of the protein expression was different from the mRNA expression, and the expression of MC4R gene was not obvious.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S834

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