水稻包膜控释尿素养分释放特性及其肥效研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 02:32

本文选题：包膜尿素 + 土壤养分　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以树脂和硫加树脂包膜尿素为试验材料,研究了包膜尿素养分释放与水稻养分吸收的同步性,同时通过田间试验和室内研究评价了包膜尿素的短期应用效果和长期肥料效应。主要结果如下:1、研究表明冷冻干燥重量法与化学法测定的结果高度一致。树脂包膜尿素在水稻生育期内能释放75%-80%的氮素。研究发现装有10.0g树脂包膜尿素网袋内肥料的养分释放率要高于3.0g处理,表施树脂包膜尿素的养分释放率要高于深施。2、与普通尿素相比,包膜尿素能提高水稻产量。树脂包膜尿素在田间的释放模式与室内结果一致,而硫加树脂包膜尿素要远高于室内。包膜尿素增加了水稻地上部干物质积累与氮吸收,并提高了水稻的氮肥利用率,其中树脂包膜尿素的效果要优于硫加树脂包膜尿素。施用树脂包膜尿素处理的水稻氮肥利用率达到50%,而一次性施用普通尿素处理的仅为17%。3、在包膜尿素用量梯度试验中籼粳杂交稻增产优势明显。水稻产量与包膜尿素施用量呈开口向下的二次曲线,最高产量的包膜尿素用量约为225kgNha-1。甬优12和甬优538的干物质积累显著高于晚粳稻秀水134与嘉58。四个品种的氮肥表观利用率均较高。缺磷和缺钾会影响水稻的氮肥表观利用率。在300kgNha-1施肥量下,甬优12的磷肥表观利用率只有3.9%,而甬优538的磷肥与钾肥表观利用率分别为16.7%和37.8%。4、各处理土壤铵态氮浓度随时间推移不断下降。一次性普通尿素和硫加树脂包膜尿素处理的土壤铵态氮要明显高于其他处理,而树脂包膜尿素处理的土壤铵态氮处于较低水平。整个生育期内土壤pH存在0.4个单位的波动,硫加树脂包膜尿素处理的土壤pH没有显著降低。土壤速效钾逐渐减少,而土壤有机质和土壤全氮维持一定水平。5、研究发现长期施用包膜尿素并未降低土壤pH,尤其是深层土壤。肥料减量施用并未造成土壤有机质、铵态氮与硝态氮等的下降。施用硫加树脂包膜尿素的表层土壤硫酸盐含量较高。矿化试验表明土壤的矿化速率随着土层深度增加而下降,而同一土层不同处理的土壤矿化速率相当。温室盆栽试验结果表明试验处理土壤的基础生产力受到肥料品种的影响。大田空白区的土壤有更多的产出,包膜尿素处理的产出下降,而普通尿素较差。6、覆膜旱作可以维持土壤pH,却降低了表层(0-10cm)的土壤有机质等。碎米荠、通泉草和看麦娘是冬季主要杂草。多元统计分析表明表层土壤速效钾含量与冬闲期杂草群落结构有很大关系。树脂包膜尿素对杂草群落结构的影响不显著。不施氮肥处理具有最大的春季杂草发生量。综上所述,一次性包膜尿素可以提高水稻产量和地上部干物质积累。无论是当季水稻生产,还是长期施用,包膜尿素均不会对土壤养分造成显著影响。同时包膜尿素的长期施用不会显著降低稻田杂草多样性。本地区不同基因型水稻的包膜尿素一次性推荐施用量均为225kgNha-1。
[Abstract]:In this paper, resin and sulphur coated urea coated urea were used as experimental materials to study the synchronism of nutrient release of coated urea and nutrient absorption of rice. At the same time, the short-term application effect and long-term fertilizer effect of coated urea were evaluated through field experiments and laboratory studies. The main results were as follows: 1. The study showed that the freeze drying gravimetric method and chemical method were found. The resin coated urea can release 75%-80% nitrogen in the rice growth period. The study found that the nutrient release rate of the fertilizer contained in the 10.0g resin coated urea net bag is higher than that of the 3.0g treatment. The nutrient release rate of the coated urea coated urea is higher than that of the deep.2, and the coated urea can increase the rice yield compared with the universal urea. The release mode of resin coated urea in the field is consistent with the indoor results, while the sulphur coated urea coated urea is far higher than that in the room. The coated urea increases the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen absorption in the upper part of the rice, and improves the nitrogen use efficiency of rice, in which the effect of resin coated urea is better than that of the resin coated urea. The utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in rice treated with urea was 50%, but only 17%.3 was treated with ordinary urea. In the gradient test of coated urea, the increase of yield of Indica and japonica hybrid rice was obvious. The two curve of rice yield and coated urea application was down. The maximum yield of coated urea was about 225kgNha-1. Yong you 12 and Yong. The dry matter accumulation of you 538 was significantly higher than that of the late japonica rice Xiushui 134 and the Jia 58. four varieties with higher apparent utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer. The phosphorus deficiency and potassium deficiency would affect the apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in rice. Under 300kgNha-1 fertilization, the apparent utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer of Yong you 12 was only 3.9%, while the apparent utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer was 16.7% and 37.8, respectively. %.4, the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in soil decreased with time. The ammonium nitrogen in soil treated with disposable ordinary urea and resin coated urea was significantly higher than that of other treatments, while the soil ammonium nitrogen treated with resin coated urea was at a lower level. There were 0.4 units of soil pH in the whole growth period. Soil pH did not decrease significantly. Soil available potassium decreased gradually, while soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen maintained a certain level of.5. The study found that long-term application of coated urea did not reduce soil pH, especially deep soil. Fertilizer reduction application did not cause soil organic matter, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen and so on. The sulphate content in the surface soil of the lipid coated urea was higher. The mineralization test showed that the mineralization rate of soil decreased with the increase of soil depth, but the rate of soil mineralization was equal to the same soil layer. The results of greenhouse pot experiment showed that the basic productivity of the soil was influenced by the fertilizer varieties. With more output, the output of coated urea decreased, while the common urea was poor.6, the soil pH was maintained in the soil, but the soil organic matter in the surface layer (0-10cm) was reduced. The main weeds were the chestnut, the spring grass and the maicang. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the content of available potassium in the surface soil and the structure of the weeds in the winter leisure period were very important. The effect of resin coated urea on weeds community structure was not significant. No nitrogen fertilizer treatment had the largest amount of spring weeds in the spring. To sum up, the one-time coated urea could improve the rice yield and the accumulation of dry matter in the upper part of the ground. Both in the rice production and in the long term, the coated urea would not cause the soil nutrients. The long-term application of coated urea does not significantly reduce the diversity of rice field weeds. The recommended application of coated urea in different genotypes of rice in the region is 225kgNha-1.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511;S145.6

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