玉米移栽植质钵育秧盘成型机理及试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 06:59

本文选题：玉米移栽 + 钵盘　；参考：《黑龙江八一农垦大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：玉米移栽植质钵育栽培技术是解决北方寒地玉米种植品质和产量的有效途径之一,但目前的育苗载体与玉米植质钵育育苗栽植技术适应性较差。因此,本文根据玉米移栽植质钵育栽植技术发展需求,研究设计了玉米移栽植质钵育秧盘,利用理论分析、建模仿真和试验研究的方法,从钵盘的设计制备、压缩成型、干燥固化成型和力学性能等方面进行了较为深入的研究与探索。(1)根据玉米移栽植质钵育栽培技术对钵育秧盘的农艺要求,以及机械化栽植作业的需求,研究确定制备植质钵盘的主要材料及其他辅助材料,根据制备钵盘物料的性质,通过对比分析的方法确定制备钵盘的设备,设计制备的工艺流程。(2)研究钵盘的设计思路,对玉米植质钵育秧盘整体结构进行设计,利用UG NX8.0软件建立钵盘成型模具三维模型,通过UG应用中的NX NASTRAN和ANSYS求解器,对模具成型部件进行有限元仿真分析,进行钵盘成型模具加工制造以及与成型设备的配套连接。(3)综合分析生物质物料热压成型和粉粒体物料常温高压成型机理,研究钵盘物料压缩成型过程,建立钵盘成型物料实际压缩状态下的蠕变方程和三维状态下钵盘物料压缩成型时的粘弹塑性轴向应变表达式,揭示钵盘压缩成型机理,分析确定能够评价钵盘性能的评价指标。利用PROE软件建立钵盘三维模型,ANSYS WORKBENCH模块进行钵盘应力和变形情况仿真分析,确定移栽时切割钵盘的位置和切刀结构,获得较佳的切割效果。(4)选取制备钵盘物料所占质量比为因素进行钵盘成分配比单因素试验,分析其对钵盘成型率、断裂率、抗弯强度、抗压强度、最大剪切力和膨胀率的影响。在单因素试验研究结果的基础上选取钵盘成型压力、钵盘合成物料中水稻秸秆和增强基质的质量比为因素,以钵盘成型率、膨胀率、抗弯强度、钵盘的剪切力为性能指标,进行三因素五水平的二次正交旋转组合试验。建立回归方程,分析各因素对性能指标的影响,进而得出影响性能指标的主次因素,通过主目标函数法,利用Design-Expert Version 8.0.5软件,对性能指标的回归方程进行优化分析,获得较佳参数组合,并针对玉米育苗及移栽要求验证钵盘的性能指标。(5)对过热蒸汽干燥固化钵盘的传热传质机理、过热蒸汽干燥固化钵盘的干燥曲线方程和干燥凝结段的动力学特性进行理论分析,揭示钵盘干燥固化成型机理。在此基础上,选取干燥时间、蒸汽温度和过热蒸汽质量流量为因素进行单因素试验,分析其对钵盘干强度、湿强度和干燥速率的影响。然后选取干燥时间、过热蒸汽温度和过热蒸汽质量流量为因素,以钵盘干强度、湿强度和湿基含水率为性能指标,设计三因素五水平的正交旋转组合试验。通过建立各因素与钵盘性能指标的回归方程,分析钵盘性能指标受各因素的影响规律,得出影响性能指标的主次因素,通过主目标函数法,利用Design-Expert Version 8.0.5软件,对性能指标的回归方程进行优化分析,获得较佳参数组合,并对钵盘性能指标进行试验验证。(6)测试钵盘在切割速率下剪切力学性能变化情况,获得在同一切割速率下不同秸秆质量比钵盘剪切力学性能变化规律,在不同切割速率下同一秸秆质量比钵盘剪切力学性能变化规律,钵盘制备和使用中三个阶段点时剪切力学性能变化规律,为移栽机回转器的运动参数设计提供一定的理论依据。通过育苗移栽试验,验证所研制的钵盘的育苗质量和移栽效果。
[Abstract]:It is one of the effective ways to solve the planting quality and yield of Maize in the cold region of the north, but the adaptability of the current seedling raising carrier and the maize seedling cultivation technique is poor. By means of theoretical analysis, modeling simulation and experimental research, the research and exploration are carried out from the aspects of the design, compressing, drying, curing and mechanical properties of the bowl plate. (1) according to the demand of the agricultural technology of the corn transplanting bowl cultivation technique to the bowl raising plate and the demand of the mechanized planting work, the research is confirmed. To customize the main materials and other auxiliary materials for the plate plate, according to the properties of the material for making the bowl plate, the equipment for making the bowl plate is determined by comparative analysis and the process flow is designed. (2) the design idea of the bowl plate is studied, the whole structure of the corn seedling plate is designed, and the UG NX8.0 software is used to establish the molding mould of the bowl plate. With the three-dimensional model, through the NX NASTRAN and ANSYS solver in the UG application, the finite element simulation analysis of the molding parts of the mold is carried out, the plate forming mold is manufactured and the matching connection with the molding equipment is carried out. (3) comprehensive analysis of the mechanism of hot pressing of biomass materials and the normal temperature and high pressure forming mechanism of the powdered material, and the study of the compression of the material of the bowl plate. In the process, the creep equation of the material under actual compression and the expression of viscoelastic plastic axial strain in the compression molding of bowl plates under three-dimensional state are established. The mechanism of the plate compression molding is revealed and the evaluation index of the performance of the bowl plate can be evaluated. The three-dimensional model of the bowl plate and the ANSYS WORKBENCH module are established by using the soft parts of the bowl. The simulation analysis of the stress and deformation of the bowl plate is carried out to determine the position of the cutting plate and the structure of the cutter at the time of transplanting to obtain better cutting effect. (4) a single factor test on the ratio of the mass ratio of the material of the bowl to the bowl plate is selected to analyze the molding rate, the breaking rate, the bending strength, the compressive strength, the maximum shear strength and the maximum shear force of the bowl plate. The effect of expansion rate. On the basis of the result of single factor test, the molding pressure of bowl plate was selected. The mass ratio of rice straw and reinforced matrix in the composite material of bowl plate was the factor. The performance index of bowl plate forming rate, expansion rate, bending strength, and the shear force of bowl plate were used as the performance index, and the two orthogonal rotation combination tests of three factors and five levels were carried out. The effect of various factors on performance indexes is analyzed, and the main and secondary factors affecting the performance index are obtained. Through the main objective function method and the Design-Expert Version 8.0.5 software, the regression equation of the performance index is optimized and analyzed. The better parameter combination is obtained, and the performance indexes of the corn seedling and transplanting are verified by the needle. (5) the heat and mass transfer mechanism of the overheated steam drying and curing bowl, the drying curve equation of the overheated steam drying and curing bowl and the dynamic characteristics of the drying condensation section are analyzed. The drying time, the steam temperature and the mass flow of the superheated steam are selected as factors on the basis of the single factor. The effect of the drying time, the temperature of superheated steam and the mass flow of superheated steam as the factors, the dry strength of the bowl plate, the wet strength and the moisture content of the wet base were selected as the performance indexes, and the orthogonal rotation combination test of three factors and five levels was designed. The factors and the performance of the bowl disk were established. The regression equation of the index is used to analyze the influence rule of the performance index of the bowl plate, and the main and secondary factors that affect the performance index are obtained. Through the main objective function method, the regression equation of the performance index is optimized by Design-Expert Version 8.0.5 software, and the better combination of the parameters is obtained, and the performance index of the bowl plate is tested. (6) The change of the shear mechanical properties of the bowl at the cutting rate was tested. The change law of the mechanical properties of the different straw mass was obtained at the same cutting rate, and the same straw mass was compared with the mechanical property of the bowl at the different cutting rates. The change of the shear mechanical properties at the three stage point of the bowl was made. In order to provide a certain theoretical basis for the design of the motion parameters of the transplanter gyreator, the seedling quality and transplanting effect of the developed bowl plate are verified by the experiment of seedling transplanting.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513

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