太空电离辐射诱发植物变异的初步研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 08:17

本文选题：太空电离辐射 + 辐射屏蔽剂量　；参考：《河北工业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着太空空间科学技术的应用与发展,太空植物诱变育种作为其重要分支凸显出越来越重要的作用。太空环境以高真空、微重力、地球磁场及太空带电粒子辐射为特点,为太空生物育种的发展和研究提供了一个不可替代的条件。先前该领域的科技工作者在应用方面已做出大量且卓有成效的工作,但在太空电离辐射诱发植物基因变异的理论研究、实验研究及其与应用研究的关联工作目前还鲜为人见。本研究试图从太空电离辐射的角度对太空环境诱发植物变异进行初步探索,这些也恰恰是该领域迫切需要解决的问题。本工作以两种花卉植物——四季薰衣草和仙客来为研究对象,将天上的太空电离辐射实验与地面的分子生物学实验及田间种植实验紧密结合,将理论研究、实验研究和应用研究紧密结合,得到了一些有益的结果,形成了如下的创新点:理论研究:根据Shieldose2模型定量得到了神舟八号‖飞船在南大西洋异常区的非连续‖且周期性‖的辐射能谱、该轨道上主要带电粒子的平均能量通量、飞船返回舱内的辐射屏蔽剂量以及粒子能量分布特点。实验研究:分子生物学实验表明所有太空搭载花卉植物的DNA分子全部发生变异;相关联的田间种植实验表明太空植株在花形、花色、花产量、株高等表观性状上均发生了显著的变化,而聚类分析进一步表明植物基因变异的相似性与植物表观性状变化的相似性具有较高的吻合度。实验研究表明太空植株DNA分子变异及其在表观性状上发生的变化均为太空电离辐射直接作用的结果。应用研究:通过对以上两种花卉的表观性状有益变异株的筛选,首次获得了仙客来三重花蕾‖等能够稳定遗传的变异株,为该花卉新品种的进一步培育做出了具有推广价值的工作。
[Abstract]:With the application and development of space science and technology, mutation breeding of space plants, as an important branch of it, is playing a more and more important role. The space environment is characterized by high vacuum, microgravity, earth magnetic field and the radiation of charged particles in space, which provides an irreplaceable condition for the development and research of space biological breeding. Previous scientific and technological workers in this field have done a great deal of work in the field of application, but in space ionizing radiation induced plant genetic variation theoretical research, experimental research and its association with applied research work is still rare. This study attempts to explore the variation of plants induced by space environment from the point of view of ionizing radiation in space, which is also an urgent problem to be solved in this field. In this work, two kinds of flower plants, lavender and cyclamen, were taken as the research objects. The experiments of ionizing radiation from space in the sky were closely combined with the experiments of molecular biology and field planting on the ground, and the theoretical study was carried out. Some useful results have been obtained from the close combination of experimental research and applied research. The following innovations have been formed: theoretical study: according to the Shieldose2 model, the radiation energy spectra of the Shijianzhou-8 spacecraft in the anomalous region of the South Atlantic Ocean are quantitatively obtained. The average energy flux of the main charged particles in the orbit the radiation shielding dose in the spacecraft return cabin and the characteristics of the particle energy distribution. Experimental studies: molecular biology experiments show that all DNA molecules in space plants are mutated, and related field planting experiments show that space plants are in flower shape, flower color, and flower yield. The cluster analysis further showed that the similarity of plant gene variation and the similarity of plant epigenetic variation had a high degree of agreement. The experimental results show that the variation of DNA molecules and the changes in apparent properties of space plants are all the result of direct action of space ionizing radiation. Application study: based on the screening of beneficial variation plants of the above two kinds of flowers' apparent characters, we obtained for the first time the variant plants which can be inherited stably, such as cyclamen triplex flower buds and so on. The work of popularizing the new flower variety has been done.
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q947;S68

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