基于RNA-Seq的舍内氨气对肉鸡胸肌生长发育的分子机制

发布时间：2018-05-30 09:47

本文选题：氨气 + 肉鸡　；参考：《中国农业科学院》2017年博士后论文

【摘要】：氨气作为畜禽舍内最主要的有毒气体,严重影响动物的健康和生产性能,危害现代肉鸡产业的长期可持续发展。本团队之前的研究表明,75 ppm高浓度氨气影响肉鸡体脂分布和肉品质,但氨气对肉鸡胸肌组织代谢的影响及相关的分子机制未进行研究;同时,25 ppm作为氨气暴露的极限浓度仍然危害家禽健康,尤其是呼吸道,但25 ppm氨气对肉鸡胸肌组织的影响研究很少且作用机制不清楚。本课题采用高通量的RNA测序技术研究氨气对肉鸡胸肌基因表达的影响,筛选差异表达的候选基因,以期为遗传育种和营养调控提高鸡肉产量和肉品质提供理论依据。研究结果表明,75ppm试验组肉鸡平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著降低(P0.05),料肉比显著上升(P0.05);氨气改变肉鸡体脂分布,胸肌组织脂肪含量显著下降(P0.05)。高通量测序共筛选到胸肌267个差异表达基因(P0.05,FC2),其中上调基因67个,下调基因189个。KEGG分析表明差异基因主要参与的代谢通路为类固醇生物合成途径和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体途径,均为重要的脂代谢通路。75 ppm氨气导致肉鸡胸肌脂质沉积减少、肉品质下降可能通过影响重要的脂代谢通路而发挥作用。25 ppm氨气显著降低肉鸡屠宰性能和胸肌产量(P0.05);高通量测序筛选到胸肌163个差异表达的基因(P0.05;FC2),其中,96个基因表达下调,67个表达上调;GO和KEGG分析表明,差异表达基因参与脂质合成、糖脂代谢和脂肪酸代谢等能量代谢途径。25 ppm氨气导致肉鸡胸肌含量减少可能通过影响重要的能量代谢通路和候选基因MSTN而发挥作用。本研究为遗传育种和营养调控提高鸡肉产量和肉品质提供了理论依据、为改善畜禽舍环境和动物福利奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:Ammonia gas, as the main toxic gas in livestock and poultry houses, seriously affects the health and production performance of animals and endangers the long-term sustainable development of modern broiler industry. Previous studies by our team showed that high concentration of ammonia at 75 ppm affected fat distribution and meat quality in broilers, but the effects of ammonia on metabolism of pectoralis muscle and the related molecular mechanisms were not studied. At the same time, 25 ppm as the limit concentration of ammonia exposure is still harmful to poultry health, especially respiratory tract, but the effect of 25 ppm ammonia on breast muscle tissue of broilers is not clear. In this study, high-throughput RNA sequencing was used to study the effect of ammonia on breast muscle gene expression in broilers, and to screen candidate genes for differential expression, in order to provide theoretical basis for genetic breeding and nutrition regulation to improve chicken yield and meat quality. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily intake (ADFI) of broilers in 75 ppm group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P 0.05), the feed / meat ratio was significantly increased (P 0.05), ammonia changed the body fat distribution of broilers, and the fat content of pectoralis muscle tissue decreased significantly (P 0.05). A total of 267 differentially expressed genes of pectoralis muscle were screened by high-throughput sequencing, among which 67 genes were up-regulated. The down-regulated gene 189. KEGG analysis showed that the main metabolic pathways involved in differential genes were steroid biosynthesis pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathway. Both of them were important lipid metabolism pathway. 75 ppm ammonia resulted in the decrease of lipid deposition in pectoralis muscle of broilers. The decline of meat quality may play a role by affecting the important lipid metabolism pathway. 25 ppm ammonia can significantly reduce slaughter performance and breast muscle yield of broilers. High throughput sequencing screened 163 differentially expressed genes P0.05FC2, of which 96 genes were identified. Expression was down-regulated, 67 up-regulated go and KEGG analysis showed that, Differentially expressed genes were involved in lipid synthesis, energy metabolism pathways, such as glycolipid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. 25 ppm ammonia resulted in the decrease of pectoralis muscle content in broilers, which might play a role by affecting important energy metabolism pathway and candidate gene MSTN. This study provides a theoretical basis for genetic breeding and nutrition regulation to improve chicken yield and meat quality, and lays a foundation for improving the environment of livestock and poultry houses and animal welfare.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：博士后
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S831

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