改进CERES-Rice模型模拟覆膜旱作水稻生长

发布时间：2018-05-30 08:27

本文选题：覆膜旱作水稻 + 数值模拟　；参考：《中国农业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：传统水稻多采用耗水量较大的淹水方式栽培,水资源紧缺的形势促使节水稻作生产体系得到长足发展。覆膜旱作具有显著的节水、增温、防污和减排效应,是节水稻作生产体系的重要措施之一。CERES-Rice模型能较好地模拟传统淹水水稻生长发育和产量,采用CERES-Rice模型模拟覆膜旱作水稻生长需另外考虑覆膜的增温效应及根系层土壤水分分布的差异。本文借鉴部分旱地作物的相关研究结果,对原CERES-Rice模型中的积温和土壤温度、蒸发和土壤水分胁迫等模拟子模块的计算过程进行了改进,并进一步通过2个水稻生长季的田间试验予以检验验证。试验于2013、2014年在湖北房县进行,共涉及淹水(对照)、覆膜湿润栽培和覆膜早作共3个水分处理,采用原模型和改进模型分别对2个生长季、2个覆膜处理的物候期、叶面积指数与地上部干重的变化过程及产量进行了模拟。基于改进CERES-Rice模型及当地覆膜水稻灌溉制度,通过情景模拟,比较分析了覆膜湿润、覆膜轻旱、覆膜旱作和覆膜雨养四种灌溉方式对水稻生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响。主要结果如下：1.原CERES-Rice模型未涉及覆膜增温效应模拟,改进模型中应用热量传输理论及目前旱地作物生产系统中采用的覆膜增温效应模拟方法,来完成对模拟水稻覆膜旱作生产体系中增温效应的模拟。经过参数调校后,所建立的覆膜增温模型可较好地模拟覆膜稻田地表和剖面上土壤温度的变化规律,地表5 cm处土壤温度模拟值与实测值的均方根差(RMSE)、相对均方根差(NRMSE)分别低于1.8℃和10%,相关系数(r)在0.89以上(P0.01)；尽管地下10、20 cm处的模拟误差稍大,也基本可满足要求,相应的RMSE3.2℃, NRMSE15%,r0.65 (P0.01)。2.原CERES-Rice模型难以准确刻画覆膜增温效应及早作水分胁迫等条件对水稻生长发育的影响,本文借鉴部分旱地作物的相关研究成果,对原CERES-Rice模型中的积温和土壤温度、蒸发和土壤水分胁迫等模拟计算过程进行了改进。经改进后,模拟效果大大改善,可有效反映环境变化(水分、温度)对覆膜水稻生育进程的影响和产量形成,维持物候期(孕穗期、开花期、成熟期)与产量模拟的相对误差(RE)在15%以内；对覆膜水稻叶面积指数的动态模拟基本满足要求,使RMSE ≤ 1.54 m2m-2、NRMSE≤27%、建模效率(EF)≥0.85；对覆膜水稻地上部干重的模拟也呈现出较好的效果,RMSE和NRMSE分别在1490 kg ha-1、16%之内,EF在0.95之上。3.基于当地覆膜水稻灌溉制度,设置覆膜湿润、覆膜轻旱、覆膜旱作和覆膜雨养灌溉方式,采用改进后的CERES-Rice模型对覆膜不同灌溉制度下的水稻生长(叶面积指数、地上部干重和产量)进行模拟。模拟结果表明：当水分充足以追求高产为目标时,覆膜湿润和覆膜轻旱灌溉制度产量最高(10493 kg ha-1),相比覆膜早作和覆膜雨养分别提高了3.1%、4.8%;当水分不足以追求水分利用效率为目标时,覆膜雨养灌溉制度的总水分利用效率最高(1.74 kg m-3),与覆膜湿润、覆膜轻旱和覆膜旱作相比,分别提高了45%、30%和18%。总体而言,经改进后的CERES-Rice模型可基本满足要求,较好地用于模拟覆膜旱作水稻的生长发育规律,为覆膜旱作水稻灌溉/施肥制度的合理制定、相关生态环境效应的准确评估以及当地农业的可持续发展提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:The traditional rice is mostly cultivated in the way of water consumption, and the shortage of water resources makes the production system of water-saving rice make great progress. The film mulching drought has significant water saving, temperature increasing, pollution prevention and emission reduction effect. It is one of the important measures for the production system of water-saving rice,.CERES-Rice model can better simulate the traditional flooded rice plant. For long development and yield, the CERES-Rice model was used to simulate the growth of the mulched upland rice in addition to the difference between the warming effect of the mulching film and the distribution of soil water in the root layer. In this paper, the simulation submodules of the accumulated temperature and soil temperature, evaporation and soil water stress in the original CERES-Rice model were used for reference. The calculation process was improved and verified through field experiments of 2 rice growing seasons. In 20132014 years, the experiment was carried out in Fangxian, Hubei, involving flooding (control), film mulching humid cultivation and film mulching early 3 water treatments. The original model and improved model were used for 2 growing seasons and 2 mulching phenology respectively. The change process and yield of leaf area index and dry weight were simulated. Based on improved CERES-Rice model and local mulching rice irrigation system, the effects of four kinds of irrigation methods on rice growth, yield and water use efficiency were compared and analyzed through scenario simulation. The main results are as follows: 1. the original CERES-Rice model does not involve the simulation of the warming effect of the film mulching, the application of the theory of heat transfer in the improved model and the simulation method of the film warming effect in the dry land crop production system to complete the simulation of the temperature increasing effect in the simulated rice mulching dry production system. After adjusting the parameters, the model has been established. The film warming model can better simulate the change law of soil temperature on the surface and section of film mulched rice field. The root mean square difference (RMSE) of the soil temperature simulated value and the measured value at 5 cm of the surface (RMSE), the relative mean square root difference (NRMSE) is lower than 1.8 C and 10% respectively, the correlation coefficient (R) is above (P0.01), although the simulation error of the underground 10,20 cm is slightly larger, too, The corresponding RMSE3.2 C, NRMSE15%, r0.65 (P0.01).2. original CERES-Rice model is difficult to accurately describe the effect of film warming effect and water stress on the growth and development of rice. In this paper, the related research results of some dryland crops are used for reference to the accumulated temperature and soil temperature, evaporation and soil in the original CERES-Rice model. The simulation results, such as soil water stress, were improved. After improvement, the simulation effect was greatly improved, which could effectively reflect the effect of environmental change (water, temperature) on the growth process of the film mulching rice and yield formation, and maintain the relative error (RE) within 15% of the phenological phase (booting, flowering, mature period) and yield simulation. The dynamic simulation of the area index is basically satisfied, making RMSE less than 1.54 m2m-2, NRMSE less than 27%, modeling efficiency (EF) more than 0.85. The simulation of dry weight of the top of the mulched rice also shows a good effect, RMSE and NRMSE are within 1490 kg ha-1,16%, EF above 0.95, and.3. based on the local mulching rice irrigation system, setting film mulching wetting and mulching film The improved CERES-Rice model was used to simulate the growth of rice under different irrigation systems (leaf area index, dry weight and yield) under different irrigation systems. The simulation results showed that the maximum yield of mulching and mulching was the highest when the water filling was sufficient to pursue high yield (10 493 kg HA-1), compared with film mulching early and film mulching, the rain raised by 3.1%, 4.8% respectively. When water was not enough to pursue the water use efficiency, the total water use efficiency of the mulching rain irrigation system was the highest (1.74 kg M-3). Compared with the film wetting, the film mulching drought and the film mulching drought, the total water utilization efficiency was improved by 45%, 30% and 18%., respectively, after the improvement. The CERES-Rice model can basically meet the requirements and can be used to simulate the growth and development of rice mulched dry rice. It provides a scientific basis for the rational formulation of the irrigation / fertilization system for rice mulching dry rice, the accurate assessment of the related ecological environment effects and the sustainable development of local agriculture.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S511

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