锡林郭勒草原区土地生态状况评估研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 04:02

本文选题：锡林郭勒草原 + 土地生态　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：中国草原是我国北疆重要的生态屏障,同样也是重要的畜牧业生产基地。近年来,草地资源的过度开发利用在促进经济社会发展的同时,也对草原生态环境造成极大破坏,严重制约草原区经济社会和环境的可持续发展,随着畜产品需求的持续增加,草原区生态环境累积效应不断加强,草原区生态环境问题,已成为制约地区可持续发展乃至区域生态安全的重大隐患,草原生态环境综合治理已迫在眉睫。基于上述背景,在内蒙古土地资源数量与质量生态监测与可持续利用研究创新团队和国土资源部土地利用重点实验室课题“重点区域土地生态状况与评估”支持下,本文以锡林郭勒草原区为例,借助遥感与GIS技术,综合运用土地利用变化学、景观生态学、生态影响评价等原理与方法,系统地分析锡林郭勒草原区土地生态质量指标体系与方法,综合评价锡林郭勒草原区土地生态质量状况和生态系统服务价值。本文的主要结果如下：(1)从影响研究区土地生态状况的自然、经济、生态等因素入手,构建锡林郭勒草原区土地生态状况三级评估指标体系,包含4个准则层、11个指标层和36个元指标。(2)研究区土地生态状况元指标现状值反映出研究区生态状况受自然气候条件的控制较强,且具有明显的由东部、东南部向西部、西北部质量递减的规律。局部地区的土地生态状况受土地利用方式的影响显现出不同的退化特征。(3)评价得出土地生态状况质量综合分值范围为0.0549-0.2708,采用土地生态状况综合分值反映出研究区土地生态状况质量总体较差,且处于较不安全状态土地面积占研究区总面积比例高达80%,土地生态状况质量由高至低面积逐渐增大。(4)主成分分析表明,影响锡林郭勒草原区土地生态状况的主要元指标有13个,分别是年均降水量、土壤有机质含量、坡度、土地利用类型多样性指数、有林地与防护林比例、生态基础设施用地比例、压占土地比例、林地年均退化率、草地年均退化率、水域年均减少率、未利用土地开发利用面积年增加率、人口与生态用地增长贡献率、地区生产总值与生态用地增长贡献率。(5)13个主要元指标标准化值与综合分值相关性分析结果表明,研究区土地生态状况评估综合分值的大小与年均降水量、土壤有机质、坡度、土地利用类型多样性指数、有林地与防护林比例5个元指标具有极显著的线性相关性,与地区生产总值与生态用地增长弹性系数元指标有显著线性相关性,与剩余7个元指标相关性无明显规律。影响锡林郭勒草原区土地生态状况的主要障碍因素为土地生态状况基础性指标和结构性指标,说明气候条件脆弱、土壤贫瘠加之没有因地而宜的土地利用方式是制约当地土地生态状况良性发展的主要障碍因素。(6)典型区(锡林浩特市)土地利用变化明显,各项土地利用变化指标显示2000-2005年和2005-2010年是土地利用变化最大的10年,国家政策成为影响土地利用变化的主要因素。典型区(锡林浩特市)土地利用程度变化量和土地利用程度变化率均0,土地利用程度逐年提高,说明锡林浩特市目前正处于土地利用的上升发展时期,地区土地利用集约化程度将进一步提高。典型区(锡林浩特市)在1980-2010年生态系统服务价值不断增加,尤其2005-2010年,增加量较前两个时段大。
[Abstract]:China's Grassland is an important ecological barrier in Northern Xinjiang, and it is also an important production base of animal husbandry. In recent years, the overexploitation and utilization of grassland resources have caused great damage to the ecological environment of grassland, which seriously restrict the sustainable development of economic society and environment in the grassland area, with the demand of livestock products. The cumulative effect of ecological environment in the grassland area has been continuously strengthened. The ecological environment in the grassland area has become a major hidden danger restricting the sustainable development of the region and the ecological security of the region. The comprehensive management of the grassland ecological environment is imminent. Based on the above background, the ecological monitoring and sustainable benefit of the quantity and quality of the land resources in Inner Mongolia and the sustainable benefit are made. With the support of the research innovation team and the Key Laboratory of land use in the Ministry of land and resources, with the support of the land ecological status and evaluation in the key areas, this paper, taking the Xilin Gol Grassland as an example, comprehensively uses the principles and methods of land use change chemistry, landscape ecology and ecological impact assessment with the help of remote sensing and GIS technology, and systematically analyses the tin forest. The land ecological quality index system and method of the Guo Ling prairie area, comprehensive evaluation of the land ecological quality status and ecosystem service value in Xilin Guo grassland area. The main results of this paper are as follows: (1) from the natural, economic, ecological and other factors affecting the ecological status of the study area, the land ecological status of xilingokland grassland is constructed by three levels The evaluation index system includes 4 criteria layer, 11 index layer and 36 yuan index. (2) the status of the ecological status of the study area reflects that the ecological condition of the study area is controlled by the natural climate conditions, and the law of the quality decline from the East, the southeast to the West and the northwestern part of the study area. The land ecological situation in the local area The influence of land use mode showed different degradation characteristics. (3) the comprehensive score of land ecological status was 0.0549-0.2708, and the comprehensive value of land ecological status reflected the overall poor quality of the land ecological condition in the study area, and the proportion of the total area of the land area in the less safe state was up to 8. 0%, the quality of the ecological condition of the land gradually increased from high to low. (4) the principal component analysis of the principal component analysis showed that there were 13 main factors affecting the ecological conditions of the grassland in Xilingol Grassland, which were annual precipitation, soil organic matter content, slope, land use type diversity index, forest land and protective forest ratio, and ecological infrastructure ratio. For example, the proportion of land, the annual degradation rate of woodland, the annual average degradation rate of grassland, the annual average reduction rate of water area, the annual increase rate of land development and utilization area, the contribution rate of population and ecological land growth, the contribution rate of regional GDP and ecological land growth. (5) the correlation analysis between the standardized values of the 13 main indicators and the comprehensive score shows that The size of the comprehensive value of the assessment of the land ecological situation and the annual average precipitation, the soil organic matter, the slope, the land use type diversity index, the 5 yuan index of the forest land and the protective forest ratio have a very significant linear correlation, and there is a significant linear correlation with the index of the growth of the region and the growth of the elastic coefficient of the ecological land. The main obstacle factors affecting the land ecological condition of the Xilingol Grassland Area are the basic index and structural index of the land ecological condition, which indicates that the climate conditions are fragile, the soil barren and the suitable land use way is the main reason for the benign development of the local land ecological condition. Obstacle factors. (6) the land use change of typical area (Xilinhaote city) is obvious. The indexes of land use change show that 2000-2005 and 2005-2010 years are the biggest 10 years of land use change. The state policy becomes the main factor affecting the land use change. The change of land use degree and the land use degree of the typical area (Xilinhaote) The rate of change is 0 and the degree of land use is increasing year by year. It shows that Xilinhaote is now in the period of rising and developing of land use. The intensification degree of land use will be further improved. The value of ecosystem services in the typical area (Xilinhaote) is increasing in 1980-2010 years, especially in 2005-2010 years, and the increase is larger than the first two periods.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S812

【参考文献】