LED光调控鸡胚孵化及蛋壳光透过特性研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 13:28

本文选题：LED + 光照孵化　；参考：《浙江大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：在禽类的人工孵化过程中,五个主要因素对胚胎的发育起着至关重要的作用,需要加以控制,分别是：温度、湿度、氧含量、二氧化碳含量、翻蛋频率。自然的孵化过程中,当母鸡离开觅食等时,胚胎能够接受到光刺激。与此相比,人工商业孵化经常采用完全黑暗进行孵化。然而在现代化的产业中,禽类孵化期间近乎占了禽类生长的1/2-1/3,并且出雏雏鸡的品质是决定后期生产性能的关键因素。近年来,胚胎发育和光刺激之间的关联性引起了广泛的关注。大量的研究表明光照可以对胚胎发育产生影响。本论文采用了LED单色绿光(525±1 5nm)分别对肉鸡(浅色蛋壳)和蛋鸡(深色蛋壳)种蛋在孵化中进行不同光照强度、不同光照周期的调控研究。并采用了两侧给光的新型节能光照方式对种蛋进光照调控。在研究中对种蛋整体的孵化性能、胚胎的生长及后期育雏雏鸡的生长性能、抗应激性能均进行了评估。并探索性的研究了不同颜色种蛋蛋壳在孵化过程中光透过性、色度及元素的变化,加强对光照孵化研究的理论基础。主要的研究内容如下：(1)孵化期间不同强度单色绿光调控对肉鸡胚胎的影响本研究采用了从种蛋的两侧安置两个LED灯条,并从蛋托的两侧向中间给光的方式在孵化期间对胚胎进行光照刺激,最大范围利用了光能,节约了设备成本。利用以上的光源布置方式,采用三种强度的LED单色绿光(525nm)(low: 22-75 lux;middle:92-208lux;high组：150-392 lux)在岭南黄肉鸡种蛋(浅色种蛋)孵化期间对其胚胎进行光照调控研究,对其孵化性能、胚胎生长等进行研究。研究结果显示在岭南黄肉鸡种蛋孵化期间提供光照对胚胎进行调控刺激,可在孵化期间显著促进胚胎及内脏器官等指标的生长,缩短孵化时间,光照组出雏高峰均比黑暗组提前约12h左右。并且可显著的降低种蛋孵化的死亡率,提高孵化率与整体的孵化质量,提高出雏雏鸡的血清生长类激素水平。三个光照组中以low组的光照强度(22-75 lux)效果最佳,过大的光照强度(1middle组92-208lux; high组：150-392 lux)会导致效果的降低或产生副作用。总体评估下,相对于传统黑暗孵化,在岭南黄肉鸡种蛋孵化过程中采用low光照强度：22-75 lux对胚胎进行光照调控,可显著地提高孵化率约6%左右,促进胚胎生长发育,提前出雏高峰期约12h左右。(2)孵化期间不同强度单色绿光刺激对蛋鸡胚胎及育雏期间生长及抗压能力的影响本研究依旧采用了两侧给光的光照方式,采用三种强度的LED单色绿光(525nm)(low:22-75lux;middle:92-208 lux;high组：150-392 lux)在海兰褐蛋鸡种蛋(深色种蛋)孵化期间对其胚胎进行光照调控研究,对其孵化性能、胚胎生长及育雏期间的生产性能及抗应激能力进行研究。研究结果表明在蛋鸡种蛋孵化期间提供hi曲强度(150-392 lux)的光照刺激提高了种蛋的孵化率与整体孵化性能,降低了死亡率。在种蛋孵化期间提供low光强(22-75 lux)调控,显著提高了胚胎在孵化期间13天和15天胚胎体重与体长指标。在孵化期间提供单色绿光对胚胎进行光照刺激,可显著提高出雏后雏鸡的内脏器官(心、肝、消化系统)的发育。在孵化期间提供low光强(22-75 lux)进行调控可显著性提高雏鸡在育雏期间H14天的血清T3和T4水平,并且对母雏的促进效果优于公雏。在抗应激行为测试中,在孵化中提供单色绿光刺激,显著地降低了孤独测试和紧急延迟出没测试中的雏鸡鸣叫次数及紧急延迟出没时间。middle和high强度(92-208 lux,150-392 lux)的光照的孵化期间的调控使得育雏期间雏鸡产生显著地右偏侧性的选择。结果表明相对于传统黑暗孵化,在海兰褐蛋鸡种蛋孵化过程中采用high光照强度：150-392 lux对胚胎进行光照调控,可提高孵化率约3%、促进胚胎及出雏后雏鸡的内脏器官的生长发育,并可以显著地提高雏鸡在生长中的抗应激能力。(3)孵化期间不同孵化周期绿光刺激胚胎对蛋鸡胚胎及育雏期间生长的影响本部分研究采用上一部分光强优化研究：high组光照强度(150-392 lux),在蛋鸡种蛋(深色种蛋)孵化的不同时期对胚胎进行绿光光照刺激调控,并设全周期光照更高光照强度处理组0-21L higher组(338-992lux)进行验证,研究孵化期间孵化的整体性能、胚胎及育雏期间雏鸡的生产性能。依旧采用两侧给光的方式对种蛋进行光照调控。研究结果表明在孵化期间提供LED绿光光照可显著地促进胚胎的眼睛发育及育雏期间雏鸡的内脏器官发育,可促进出雏时雏鸡的胫骨和嘴长等骨骼发育,并且提高雏鸡在育雏期间的体内血液激素水平。总体评估下,相对于传统的黑暗孵化,在孵化期间的用150-392 lux的光照强度在孵化期间0-7天对胚胎进行绿光光照光照调控,可显著地提高孵化率约6%,提高雏鸡的骨骼发育水平。(4)孵化期间不同颜色种蛋不同区域蛋壳光透特性的研究由前期研究得知浅色蛋壳和深色蛋壳种蛋所优化出的适合孵化期间进行光照强度并不相同,并且影响光照孵化的主要因素就是蛋壳,包括蛋壳的色度、厚度以及元素成分。因此本研究对整个孵化期间的种蛋蛋壳在可见光光谱下的透过特性进行研究,并结合对光照孵化后种蛋蛋壳颜色的对比结果,意在对进一步的光照孵化调控研究中提供科学的理论基础。采用蛋壳颜色跨度较大的梅黄鸡种蛋进行颜色分类,对不同颜色种蛋蛋壳及不同区域蛋壳位置在孵化期间的蛋壳的色度、光透过性、元素的变化进行研究。研究结果显示在种蛋孵化期进行光照可使蛋壳颜色发生显著性的变化。传统黑暗孵化期间蛋壳的光透过率会随着孵化时间的增加而显著性的降低。种蛋的小头区域的光透过率显著高于大头和中间区域的光透过率。浅色种蛋蛋壳的光透过率显著地高于中色和深色种蛋蛋壳的光透过率。
[Abstract]:In the artificial incubation of poultry, five main factors play a vital role in the development of embryos. They need to be controlled: temperature, humidity, oxygen content, carbon dioxide content, the frequency of egg turnover. In the natural incubation process, when the hen leaves foraging, the embryo can be stimulated by light. In modern industries, however, in the modern industry, poultry hatches nearly occupy the 1/2-1/3 of poultry growth, and the quality of chicks is a key factor in determining later production performance. In recent years, the association between embryonic development and light stimulation has attracted wide attention. A large number of studies have shown that light is illuminated. In this paper, LED monochromatic green light (525 + 1 5nm) was used to control the different light intensity and different light cycle of broiler (light color eggshell) and egg hen (dark eggshell). The hatching performance of the whole egg, the growth of the embryo, the growth performance and the anti stress performance of the young chicks were evaluated. The light transmittance, the chromaticity and the changes of the elements in the hatching of different color egg shells were explored. The main research contents were as follows: (1) hatching. The effects of different intensity monochromatic green light on broiler embryos during the period of transformation, two LED lamps were placed on both sides of the egg, and the light was stimulated from the two sides of the egg to the middle of the egg during the incubation period. The maximum range of light energy was used and the preparation cost was saved. Three kinds of intensity LED monochromatic green light (525nm) (low: 22-75 lux; middle:92-208lux; high group: 150-392 Lux) in the incubation period of South of the Five Ridges yellow broiler eggs (light colored eggs) during hatching of their embryos, the incubation performance and embryo growth were studied. The fetal and visceral organs could be promoted significantly during the incubation period, and the incubation time was shortened. The peak time of the hatching group was about 12h earlier than that in the dark group, and the mortality of the hatchery was significantly reduced, the hatching rate and the overall hatching quality were improved, and the serum growth hormone of the chicks was raised. The light intensity (22-75 Lux) of the group low was the best in the three light groups. The excessive light intensity (1Middle group 92-208lux; high group: 150-392 Lux) could lead to the decrease of the effect or the side effect. Under the overall evaluation, compared with the traditional dark hatching, the intensity of low illumination was adopted in the hatching process of South of the Five Ridges yellow broilers: 22-75 Lux The light regulation of the embryo could significantly increase the hatching rate of about 6%, promote the growth and development of embryos, and the peak period of early out of the embryo about 12h. (2) the effects of different intensity monochromatic green light stimulation on the growth and compression ability of laying hens during hatching during incubation The LED monochromatic green light (525nm) (low:22-75lux; middle:92-208 lux; high group: 150-392 Lux) was used to regulate the illumination of the embryos during hatching of the egg (dark colored eggs) of the brown laying hens. The hatching performance, the growth performance and the ability to resist stress during the brooding period were studied. The results showed that the eggs were incubated in the laying hens. During the incubation period, the light stimulation of hi flexure (150-392 Lux) increased the hatchability and overall hatchability of the egg and reduced the mortality. It provided the low light intensity (22-75 Lux) during the incubation period of the eggs, which significantly improved the embryo weight and body length index during the incubation period of 13 and 15 days. The growth of visceral organs (heart, liver, digestive system) of chicks was significantly increased after exposure to light. During incubation, low light intensity (22-75 Lux) could significantly improve the level of serum T3 and T4 in chicks during brooding and H14 days, and the promotion effect was better than that of male chicks. During the test of anti stress behavior, the incubation period was in hatching. It provides a monochrome green light stimulation, significantly reducing the number of chicks' chirping in the solitude test and emergency delay test, and the regulation of the incubation period of.Middle and high intensity (92-208 lux, 150-392 Lux). In the dark hatching, the high light intensity was adopted in the hatching process of the hens egg laying hens: 150-392 lux could increase the hatching rate by about 3%, promote the growth and development of the visceral organs of the embryo and the chicks after the hatching, and significantly improve the resistance to stress in the growth of the chicks. (3) the different incubation period green during the incubation period was green. The effects of light stimulation of embryos on the growth of egg laying embryos and brooding periods were studied in the last part of the study. The intensity of light intensity (150-392 Lux) in high group was controlled by green light stimulation at different periods of incubation of egg laying eggs (dark species eggs), and a full cycle light intensity treatment group 0-21L higher was set up. The group (338-992lux) was tested to study the overall performance of hatching during hatching, the production performance of the chicks during the embryo and the brooding period. The light regulation of the eggs was still used on both sides of light. The results showed that the supply of LED green light during incubation could significantly promote the development of the embryo and the viscera of the chicks during the brooding. It can promote the growth of the tibia and mouth length of the chicks in and out of the chicks and increase the level of blood hormones in the brooding chicks during the brooding. Under the overall assessment, the light intensity of 150-392 lux in the incubation period is controlled by the green light illumination of the embryo at the 0-7 day of hatching during hatching, which can be significantly raised. The high hatching rate was about 6%, and the development level of the chicks was improved. (4) the study on the photoperiod characteristics of the eggshell in different regions of the different color eggs during the incubation period showed that the light intensity of light eggshell and dark eggshell eggs was different during hatching, and the main factor affecting the hatching of light was the egg shell. The color, thickness and element composition of eggshell are included. Therefore, this study has studied the transmission characteristics of egg shells under the visible light spectrum during the incubation period, and combined with the contrast results of the color of egg shell after incubation, intended to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the further study of the regulation of illumination hatching. The color classification of the egg shells with different colors, the chromaticity of the eggshell, the light transmittance and the change of the elements during the incubation period were studied. The results showed that the illumination could make the eggshell color change significantly during the incubation period of the egg. The egg shell in the traditional dark hatching period was the eggshell. The light transmittance of the small head area of the seed egg is significantly higher than that of the large head and the middle area. The light transmittance of the light color egg shell is significantly higher than that of the medium and dark colored egg shells.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S831

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