花生关联分析群体构建及抗旱相关分子标记研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 20:23

【摘要】：花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)是重要的油料和经济作物,在世界范围内广泛种植。花生产区主要分布在干旱、半干旱地区,干旱胁迫是影响花生产量和质量的首要限制因子。抗旱性是复杂的数量性状,受微效多基因与环境作用的影响,因此,开发花生抗旱相关分子标记对利用标记辅助育种技术提高抗旱育种效率意义重大。本研究筛选构建了花生关联分析群体,并对群体进行表型与遗传变异评估。同时系统鉴定了群体种质的抗旱性与农艺、产量相关抗旱性状,利用关联分析获得了与抗旱性和抗旱性状显著关联的SSR标记,并对关联标记的等位变异的表型效应进行分析,获得了一系列抗旱相关等位变异。筛选了多份优异的抗旱种质,并对优异种质携带的等位变异进行初步解析。主要研究结果如下:(1)筛选构建了包括268份种质的花生关联分析群体。群体表型变异评估结果表明:20个重要农艺、产量及品质相关性状变异系数在4.36%-49.94%之间;各性状呈连续分布,符合数量性状分布特征。遗传变异评估结果表明:中间型种质的遗传多样性水平比其它类型种质低;群体结构分析与遗传聚类结果一致,均与种质类型和地理分布密切相关;基因组LD水平分析表明LD显著(p0.01)的共线性位点对间平均r2为0.1453;模型比较结果显示在利用本群体进行性状与分子标记的关联分析研究时,Q+K model是最适宜的关联分析模型。(2)群体种质抗旱性与抗旱性状分析结果表明:种质抗旱系数(DC)和抗旱指数(DI)的变异范围分别是0.76-1.33和0.28-1.59,种质间抗旱性存在显著差异;在不同水分条件下,产量及抗旱性状变异系数在8.38%-50.97%之间,干旱胁迫下百果重、百仁重、出仁率等性状的变异范围减小,产量、单株生产力、500g果数、主茎高等性状的变异范围增大;13个性状可聚为两类,产量、单株生产力、百果重、百仁重、饱果率、出仁率、单株结果数性状与抗旱性呈正相关,500g果数、主茎高、侧枝长、结果枝数、总分枝数和有效枝长性状与抗旱性呈负相关。(3)检测群体种质基因型的260个SSR标记覆盖约75%的基因组,共检测到1270个等位变异,单个标记的等位变异数为2-15个,平均为4.885个;主等位基因频率(MAF)变化范围是0.194-0.989,平均为0.620;基因多样性(GD)的变化范围是0.022-0.864,平均为0.488;多态性信息含量(PIC)变化范围是0.022-0.853,平均为0.424。(4)标记与抗旱性和抗旱性状的关联分析结果表明:8个标记与DC和DI极显著关联,其中标记AHGS1525和AHGS1422可重复检测,对表型变异的解释率为7.87%-13.66%;27个标记为干旱胁迫特异检测标记,且11个标记对表型变异的解释率大于5.0%;在两种水分条件下共同检测到27个标记与产量及抗旱性状稳定关联,19个标记可在3个及以上环境中稳定检测到,18个标记对表型变异的解释率大于5.0%;56个标记与抗旱性状相对值显著关联,12个标记可重复检测。综合分析,共获得42个重要抗旱相关分子标记,成簇且不均匀地分布在花生遗传连锁整合图谱上,其中B06连锁群显著关联标记数最多。(5)关联标记的等位变异分析表明:11个干旱胁迫特异检测标记分别获得了14个抗旱有利和18个抗旱不利等位变异;27个性状稳定关联标记分别获得了45个抗旱有利和53个抗旱不利等位变异;9个抗旱性状相对值稳定关联标记分别获得了7个抗旱有利和6个抗旱不利等位变异。综合分析,42个抗旱相关分子标记共获得了113个抗旱相关等位变异,其中,52个为抗旱有利等位变异,61个为抗旱不利等位变异。(6)以Luhua11(DC=1.00,DI=1.20)为抗旱性强的标准品种,依据DC和DI筛选了47份优异的抗旱稳产种质,其中31份种质为大面积推广种植的花生品种或重要育种亲本;不同抗旱种质携带的等位变异存在差异。
[Abstract]:Arachis hypogaea L. is an important oil and economic crop, widely cultivated in the world. The flower production areas are mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid areas. Drought stress is the primary limiting factor affecting the yield and quality of peanuts. Drought resistance is a complex quantitative trait, influenced by the effect of micro gene and environment, therefore, developing flowers. Drought resistance related molecular markers were of great significance to improve the efficiency of drought resistant breeding by using marker assisted breeding technology. This study constructed the peanut association analysis group, and evaluated the population phenotype and genetic variation. At the same time, the drought resistance of population germplasm and agronomic and Yield Related drought resistance traits were systematically identified, and the correlation analysis was obtained by correlation analysis. A series of SSR markers associated with drought resistance and drought resistance were found and the phenotypic effects of allelic variation of associated markers were analyzed. A series of drought resistant alleles were obtained. A number of excellent drought resistant germplasms were screened and the allelic variations carried by excellent germplasms were preliminarily analyzed. The main results were as follows: (1) screening and constructing the package The results of phenotypic variation assessment of 268 germplasms showed that the variation coefficient of yield and quality related traits was between 20 important agronomy and 4.36%-49.94%; the traits were continuously distributed and conformed to the distribution characteristics of quantitative traits. The genetic diversity of genetic variation showed that the genetic diversity of the intermediate germplasm was more than that of the other classes. The group structure analysis was consistent with the genetic clustering results, which were closely related to the germplasm type and geographical distribution, and the genomic LD level analysis showed that the average R2 of the collinear locus of LD (P0.01) was 0.1453. The results of the model comparison showed that Q+K model was used in the analysis of the association between the sex and molecular markers of the population. The most suitable correlation analysis model. (2) the analysis of drought resistance and drought resistance of population germplasm showed that the variation range of drought resistance coefficient (DC) and drought resistance index (DI) were 0.76-1.33 and 0.28-1.59 respectively, and there was significant difference in drought resistance among germplasm, and the variation coefficient of yield and drought resistance was between 8.38%-50.97% and drought under different water conditions. Under stress, the variation range of 100 fruit weight, 100 kernel weight and kernel rate decreased, yield, single plant productivity, 500g fruit number, and higher traits of main stem increased; 13 personality traits could be grouped into two categories, yield, single plant productivity, 100 fruit weight, 100 kernel weight, fruit satiety rate, kernel rate, single plant result number traits and drought resistance, 500g fruit number, main stem height The number of branches, the number of branches and the effective branch length were negatively correlated with the drought resistance. (3) the 260 SSR markers covered about 75% of the genome of the germplasm genotypes were detected, and 1270 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles of the single marker was 2-15, and the average of the main allele frequency (MAF) was 0.194-0.989, The average variation in genetic diversity (GD) was 0.022-0.864, with an average of 0.488, and the variation of polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.022-0.853, and the correlation analysis between 0.424. (4) markers and drought resistance and drought resistance showed that 8 markers were closely related to DC and DI, in which the markers AHGS1525 and AHGS1422 could be retested repeatedly, and The explanatory rate of phenotypic variation was 7.87%-13.66%; 27 markers were specific markers for drought stress, and 11 markers explained more than 5% for phenotypic variation; 27 markers were associated with yield and drought resistance under two water conditions, and 19 markers could be detected steadily in 3 or more environments and 18 markers to phenotypes. The interpretation rate of variation was greater than 5%; the relative values of 56 markers were significantly correlated with drought resistance, and 12 markers could be retested. Comprehensive analysis, 42 important markers of drought resistance related molecules were obtained, and clustered and unevenly distributed on the genetic linkage map of peanuts, among which the number of significant correlation markers in B06 groups was the most. (5) allelic variation of associated markers. The analysis showed that 11 drought stress specific markers were obtained 14 drought resistant and 18 drought resistant alleles respectively, and 27 individual stable association markers were respectively obtained 45 drought resistance and 53 drought adverse alleles, and 9 drought resistant trait relative markers had 7 drought resistance and 6 drought resistance respectively. 113 drought resistance related alleles were obtained by 42 drought resistant molecular markers, of which 52 were favorable alleles for drought resistance and 61 were adverse alleles of drought resistance. (6) Luhua11 (DC=1.00, DI=1.20) was the standard variety with strong drought resistance, and 47 excellent stable and stable germplasms were selected according to DC and DI. The 31 germplasm is a peanut variety or important breeding parent planted in a large area, and there are differences in allelic variation among different drought resistant germplasm carriers.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S565.2

【参考文献】