化感水稻对邻近植物的生物化学响应及其化感物质衍生物的抑草机制
发布时间：2018-08-02 15:18
【摘要】：植物间的相互识别与响应是植物行为研究的中心问题之一,本研究以化感和非化感水稻为研究对象,研究水稻与不同共存杂草的种间化学关系及化感水稻种内亲属识别作用,以及稗草竞争存在下水稻亲属识别引起的生化可塑性响应及其可能的机制。同时研究水稻化感物质衍生物对稻田杂草尤其是抗除草剂生态型稗草的抑制作用及其机制。研究结果表明:(1)单一杂草与水稻共存时,化感水稻对杂草的抑制作用显著高于非化感水稻,且对杂草根系生长的抑制显著高于对茎叶的抑制作用;多种杂草组成的群落对水稻生长的抑制作用具有协同性,其中双子叶杂草鳢肠在竞争中占有优势地位。(2)水稻可改变杂草根系的形态及分布模式,该作用取决于杂草种类及水稻的化感特性。其中,杂草稻根系靠近化感水稻生长;千金子根系对化感水稻无响应;其余杂草根系均躲避化感水稻分布;对于非化感水稻,杂草稻和稗草的根系呈靠近趋势,异型莎草和鳢肠的根系则表现出躲避趋势。(3)水稻对杂草生长的抑制作用因根系分隔方式不同而不同。水稻化感物质的含量在30 μm尼龙膜分隔处理中显著增加,并增强了水稻对稗草、鳢肠和千金子的抑制作用。而且三种杂草根系分泌物对水稻组织中化感物质具有显著的诱导能力,在添加后6 h到9 h之间诱导作用最强。上述现象并未在异型莎草和杂草稻中出现。塑料膜完全分隔后水稻对杂草的抑制作用降至10%左右。水稻对抗性稗草的抑制作用显著高于其对敏感稗草的抑制作用,但抗性稗草对水稻化感物质的诱导能力显著低于敏感稗草。(4)化感水稻6173具有亲属识别能力,与亚种间陌生者辽粳-9以及亚种内陌生者3826伴生时地下生物量显著大于与自我或亲属6368伴生时的数值。根系分泌抑制剂存在下或完全阻断根系物质交流后亲缘识别现象消失,说明不同亲缘关系水稻的根系分泌物对水稻的亲属识别现象具有诱导作用。(5)不论是否存在稗草的种间竞争,化感水稻PI312777和6173与自我及亲属共存时,其总根长、侧根长以及总根面积均显著低于与陌生者伴生的数值。当稗草种间竞争存在时,不同亲缘关系的伴生水稻引起目标化感水稻根系水平分布的不对称性。与自我和亲属伴生时,目标水稻组织中合成的化感物质显著低于陌生者组,但对稗草生长的抑制作用显著升高。(6)苯并噻嗪衍生物对抗五氟磺草胺稗草及敏感稗草均具有抑制作用,且对不同生态型稗草的抑制作用没有显著差异。该衍生物是通过影响叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm,ETR1min和NPQ1min),同时抑制HPPD酶活性导致植物光合色素的合成受阻,导致稗草白化而死亡。
[Abstract]:The mutual recognition and response between plants is one of the central problems in plant behavior research. In this study, allelopathic and non-allelopathic rice was used as the research object to study the interspecific chemical relationship between rice and different coexisting weeds, and the role of phylogenetic relatives in the recognition of allelopathic rice intraspecies. And the biochemical plasticity response caused by rice kinship recognition and its possible mechanism in the presence of barnyard grass competition. At the same time, the inhibitory effect of rice allelochemicals on weeds, especially herbicide resistant ecotypic barnyard grass, and its mechanism were studied. The results were as follows: (1) the inhibitory effect of allelopathic rice on weeds was significantly higher than that on non-allelopathic rice, and the inhibition on root growth of weeds was significantly higher than that on stem and leaf in the coexistence of single weed and rice. The community composed of many kinds of weeds has synergistic effect on rice growth, among which the dicotyledonous weed snakehead is dominant in the competition. (2) Rice can change the morphology and distribution pattern of weed root system. This effect depends on the species of weeds and allelopathy of rice. Among them, the root system of weed rice was close to allelopathic rice growth; the root system of Qianjin was not responsive to allelopathic rice; the other weed roots evaded the distribution of allelopathic rice; for non-allelopathic rice, the root system of weedy rice and barnyard grass showed a close trend. The root system of seagrass and snakehead showed evasive trend. (3) the inhibitory effect of rice on weed growth was different according to the way of root separation. The content of allelochemicals in rice increased significantly in 30 渭 m nylon membrane separator treatment, and enhanced the inhibitory effect of rice on barnyard grass, snakehead intestine and seed. The root exudates of three kinds of weeds had significant ability to induce allelopathy in rice tissues, and the induction effect was strongest between 6 h and 9 h after addition. These phenomena were not found in heteromorphic seagrass and weedy rice. The inhibition effect of rice on weeds was reduced to about 10% after complete separation of plastic film. The inhibitory effect of rice on resistant barnyardgrass was significantly higher than that on sensitive barnyardgrass, but the ability of resistant barnyard grass to induce allelochemicals was significantly lower than that of sensitive barnyard grass. (4) allelopathic rice 6173 had relative recognition ability. The belowground biomass of Liaojing 9 and 3826 intraspecific strangers was significantly higher than that of self or relative 6368. In the presence of root secretion inhibitor or completely blocking the communication of root substance, the phenomenon of phylogenetic recognition disappeared. The results showed that root exudates of different phylogenetic relationships could induce the identification of rice relatives. (5) whether there was interspecific competition of barnyardgrass or not, the total root length of allelopathic rice PI312777 and 6173 coexisted with self and relatives. The lateral root length and total root area were significantly lower than those associated with strangers. When there was interspecific competition in barnyardgrass, rice with different phylogenetic relationships caused asymmetry in the horizontal distribution of target allelopathic rice roots. When associated with self and relatives, the synthesis of allelochemicals in target rice tissues was significantly lower than that in strangers. The inhibitory effect of benzothiazide derivatives on the growth of barnyardgrass was significantly increased. (6) benzothiazide derivatives had inhibitory effects on barnyardgrass and sensitive barnyardgrass, and there was no significant difference in the inhibitory effects on different ecotypes of barnyardgrass. The Derivatives affected chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FV / FmP ETR 1min and NPQ1min), and inhibited the activity of HPPD enzyme, which resulted in the inhibition of photosynthetic pigment synthesis and the albinism of barnyardgrass.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511;S451
[Abstract]:The mutual recognition and response between plants is one of the central problems in plant behavior research. In this study, allelopathic and non-allelopathic rice was used as the research object to study the interspecific chemical relationship between rice and different coexisting weeds, and the role of phylogenetic relatives in the recognition of allelopathic rice intraspecies. And the biochemical plasticity response caused by rice kinship recognition and its possible mechanism in the presence of barnyard grass competition. At the same time, the inhibitory effect of rice allelochemicals on weeds, especially herbicide resistant ecotypic barnyard grass, and its mechanism were studied. The results were as follows: (1) the inhibitory effect of allelopathic rice on weeds was significantly higher than that on non-allelopathic rice, and the inhibition on root growth of weeds was significantly higher than that on stem and leaf in the coexistence of single weed and rice. The community composed of many kinds of weeds has synergistic effect on rice growth, among which the dicotyledonous weed snakehead is dominant in the competition. (2) Rice can change the morphology and distribution pattern of weed root system. This effect depends on the species of weeds and allelopathy of rice. Among them, the root system of weed rice was close to allelopathic rice growth; the root system of Qianjin was not responsive to allelopathic rice; the other weed roots evaded the distribution of allelopathic rice; for non-allelopathic rice, the root system of weedy rice and barnyard grass showed a close trend. The root system of seagrass and snakehead showed evasive trend. (3) the inhibitory effect of rice on weed growth was different according to the way of root separation. The content of allelochemicals in rice increased significantly in 30 渭 m nylon membrane separator treatment, and enhanced the inhibitory effect of rice on barnyard grass, snakehead intestine and seed. The root exudates of three kinds of weeds had significant ability to induce allelopathy in rice tissues, and the induction effect was strongest between 6 h and 9 h after addition. These phenomena were not found in heteromorphic seagrass and weedy rice. The inhibition effect of rice on weeds was reduced to about 10% after complete separation of plastic film. The inhibitory effect of rice on resistant barnyardgrass was significantly higher than that on sensitive barnyardgrass, but the ability of resistant barnyard grass to induce allelochemicals was significantly lower than that of sensitive barnyard grass. (4) allelopathic rice 6173 had relative recognition ability. The belowground biomass of Liaojing 9 and 3826 intraspecific strangers was significantly higher than that of self or relative 6368. In the presence of root secretion inhibitor or completely blocking the communication of root substance, the phenomenon of phylogenetic recognition disappeared. The results showed that root exudates of different phylogenetic relationships could induce the identification of rice relatives. (5) whether there was interspecific competition of barnyardgrass or not, the total root length of allelopathic rice PI312777 and 6173 coexisted with self and relatives. The lateral root length and total root area were significantly lower than those associated with strangers. When there was interspecific competition in barnyardgrass, rice with different phylogenetic relationships caused asymmetry in the horizontal distribution of target allelopathic rice roots. When associated with self and relatives, the synthesis of allelochemicals in target rice tissues was significantly lower than that in strangers. The inhibitory effect of benzothiazide derivatives on the growth of barnyardgrass was significantly increased. (6) benzothiazide derivatives had inhibitory effects on barnyardgrass and sensitive barnyardgrass, and there was no significant difference in the inhibitory effects on different ecotypes of barnyardgrass. The Derivatives affected chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FV / FmP ETR 1min and NPQ1min), and inhibited the activity of HPPD enzyme, which resulted in the inhibition of photosynthetic pigment synthesis and the albinism of barnyardgrass.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511;S451
【参考文献】
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1 陈青青;李德志;，
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