玉米自交系及F1代光合生理遗传倾向研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 08:40

【摘要】：光合速率是评价作物光合优势的重要指标,历来为研究者所重视。作物光合效率高低直接影响作物光合产量与生物产量的多少。吉林省是我国玉米育种及生产的优势省份之一,探索玉米杂交种及其亲本的遗传规律,对拓宽育种材料的遗传背景,实现育种材料的挖掘和再利用有重要意义。本研究通过两年试验,对8个玉米自交系及其组配的16个F1代杂交组合的叶片光合速率及相关生理性状进行了分析,主要取得如下结论:1、8个亲本自交系及其16个杂交组合的穗位叶光合速率Pn、SPAD值、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白以及PEPCase活性含量变异范围较大,自交系及杂交组合光合生理性状值均达显著(0.01P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)差异,说明这些育种材料的光合遗传基础较广泛,可作进一步的遗传分析。2、对8个亲本材料的光合速率进行聚类分析结果表明,自交系昌7-2、J1401属于高光合效率型(H型),PH6WC、J1146、J1204属于低光合速率型(L型):A87、J1207、S122为中间类型(M型)。进一步对8个自交系组配的16个F1代与光合有关的5个生理指标的遗传倾向进行分析,H型或L型自交系材料作母本,F1代同为H型或L型的比例达42.85%,表明叶片光合速率(Pn)受母本性状遗传影响较大;而叶片可溶性蛋白(SP)、PEPCase活性(PEP)等与光合有关的生理指标的遗传也受母本性状的影响较大,可溶性糖(SS)受父本影响较大。3、试验材料的一般配合力(GCA)方差及杂交组合的特殊配合力(SCA)均达显著或极显著水平,表明这些效应间存在真实差异,不同亲本在光合速率上的加性效应大小是不同的,其中亲本J1146最大,其次是PH6WC和J1204,表明该三个自交系材料是选育高光合速率后代的重要亲本材料。4、对一般配合力较高的亲本及其组配的杂交组合F1代光合速率的表型值进行分析,以昌7-2做母本组配的杂交组合材料F1代均值小于16个杂交组合的平均值,而以J1204和J1401为父本组配的杂交组合F1代均值分别为20.70μmol·m-2·S-1和19.80μmol·m-2·S-1,显著高16个杂交组合均值18.88μmol·m-2·S-1,且差异达显著水平,表明以配合力较高的自交系材料做父本,可能获得性状表型较高的后代材料。5、进一步对光合性状的遗传力估计,光合速率和可溶性蛋白含量两个指标的广义遗传力较大,分别为91.02%和75.34%,说明这两个性状的遗传力较高,环境对其影响较小;而其余性状的广义遗传力较低,表明这些性状受环境的影响较大。相关分析进一步表明,叶片净光合速率与叶片的SPAD值呈显著的正相关关系(r=0.9103),因此,在对玉米光合指标进行选择时,以SPAD值及PEPCase活性等性状作为辅助参考指标,有利于提高选择效率。
[Abstract]:Photosynthetic rate is an important index to evaluate the photosynthetic superiority of crops, which has always been attached importance to by researchers. The photosynthetic efficiency of crops directly affects the yield of photosynthesis and biological yield. Jilin Province is one of the dominant provinces in maize breeding and production in China. It is of great significance to explore the genetic laws of maize hybrids and their parents in order to broaden the genetic background of breeding materials and realize the mining and reuse of breeding materials. The leaf photosynthesis rate and related physiological characteristics of 8 maize inbred lines and 16 F1 hybrid combinations were studied in this study. The main conclusions were as follows: the Pn,SPAD value of leaf photosynthesis rate, soluble sugar, soluble protein and PEPCase activity of ear leaf of 8 inbred lines and their 16 crosses had a wide range of variation. The differences of photosynthetic physiological traits of inbred lines and hybrid combinations were significant (0.01P0.05) or extremely significant (P0.01), which indicated that the photosynthetic genetic basis of these breeding materials was more extensive. The result of cluster analysis of photosynthetic rate of eight parents showed that the inbred line Chang7-2J1401 belongs to the high photozygosity type (H type), PH6WCCnJ1146-J1204 belongs to the low photosynthetic rate type (L type), and the middle type (M type) is: A87NJ1207S122, which belongs to the low photosynthetic rate type (L type) of the inbred line Chang7-2NJ1401, which belongs to the high photozygosity type (H type) and belongs to the low photosynthetic rate type (L type). The genetic tendency of 5 physiological indexes related to photosynthesis in 16 F1 generations of 8 inbred lines was further analyzed. The proportion of H type or L type inbred lines as female parent of F 1 was 42.85, indicating that leaf photosynthesis was the highest. The rate of (Pn) was greatly affected by the inheritance of maternal traits. However, the inheritance of leaf soluble protein (SP), PEPCase activity, (PEP) and other physiological indexes related to photosynthesis was also influenced by maternal traits. Soluble sugar (SS) was significantly affected by male parent. The (GCA) variance of general combining ability and the special combining ability (SCA) of hybrid combinations were significant or extremely significant, which indicated that there were real differences among these effects. The additive effect of different parents on photosynthetic rate is different, and the parent J1146 is the largest. Secondly, PH6WC and J1204, which indicated that the three inbred lines were important parents for breeding the progenies with high photosynthetic rate. The phenotypic values of photosynthesis rate of the parents with higher GCA and their hybrid combinations were analyzed. The average value of F _ 1 hybrids with Chang 7-2 as female parent was less than that of 16 hybrid combinations. The average values of F _ 1 hybrids with male parent J1204 and J1401 were 20.70 渭 mol m-2 S-1 and 19.80 渭 mol m-2 S-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of 16 crosses, and the difference was significant, indicating that the inbred lines with high combining ability were used as male parents. The progeny line. 5 with higher phenotypic characters may be obtained. Further, the heritability of photosynthetic rate and soluble protein content was 91.02% and 75.34%, respectively, which indicated that the heritability of the two traits was higher. Environment had little effect on it, while the other traits had lower heritability, which indicated that these traits were greatly affected by environment. The correlation analysis further showed that there was a significant positive correlation between leaf net photosynthetic rate and leaf SPAD value (r = 0.9103). Therefore, SPAD value and PEPCase activity were used as auxiliary reference indexes in selecting photosynthetic index of maize. It is beneficial to improve the efficiency of selection.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S513

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