太白山林线树种太白红杉外生菌根群落研究
发布时间：2018-11-17 14:12
【摘要】：高山林线区是生态学家研究的重点区域,但是目前关于高山林线区的研究多数都关注于地上植物群落的动态变化,而对于地下微生物群落的研究仍然较少。太白红杉(Larix chinensis)是秦岭太白山地区高山森林系统的唯一林线建群树种,同时也是能够与外生菌根真菌形成典型共生结构的针叶树种之一,是研究高山林线树种外生菌根群落的理想对象。本研究以秦岭太白山林线树种太白红杉的不同分布带(树线分布带、林线分布带、太白红杉纯林带、太白红杉巴山冷杉混交林带和太白红杉林倒置带)外生菌根真菌群落作为研究对象,采用生态学梯度样带调查法和典型样地取样法相结合的采样方法,运用菌根形态与现代分子生物学相结合的鉴定方法,分析并研究太白红杉外生菌根真菌群落结构的种类组成;采用生物统计学分析方法,分析太白红杉外生菌根真菌群落在太白山不同分布带空间结构特征及变化规律;通过研究太白红杉外生菌根群落与环境分子之间的相关性,阐释影响太白山太白红杉外生菌根真菌群落的主要环境因子,从外生菌根角度部分解释了太白红杉在太白山地区的生态适应性机理,同时补充了国内关于高山林线树种外生菌根群落相关研究。本研究得到的主要结果如下:通过野外采样调查、形态型分类及分子鉴定相结合的方法,共鉴定出60个太白红杉外生菌根OTUs。担子菌是太白红杉外生菌根群落的主要组成类群,子囊菌次之。其中,太白山太白红杉外生菌根优势属主要有:Tomentella、Sebacina、Inocybe、Heyderia和Lactarius等。针对太白红杉不同分布带的外生菌根群落的多样性指数分析,结果表明太白红杉树线带与林线带的外生菌根群落多样性指数均略高于太白红杉郁闭林分布带,太白红杉树线带相对于其他分布带具有更多的指示种。采用群落聚类分析太白红杉外生菌根群落空间分布的差异性,结果发现外生菌根群落结构在非郁闭分布带与郁闭分布带具有显著差异性,在非郁闭的太白红杉树线带和林线带,Sebacina、Inocybe和Heyderia为外生菌根真菌群落中的优势属,而Heyderia、Lactarius和Russula则为郁闭林带的主要优势属,且Sebacina、Heyderia、Tomentella和Bisporella外生菌根真菌在太白红杉不同分布带分布之间具有显著的差异性。这些差异均表明外生菌根群落空间结构的改变主要源于群落中优势属真菌的相对丰度及频度的改变,并且太白红杉外生菌根群落空间结构变化并不是呈现断层式,而是具有一定的渐变特征,具体表现为两个连续分布带通常具有某些相同的优势属。外生菌根丰富度与宿主所处海拔和土壤的有机碳含量具有显著的相关性;外生菌根化率则与土壤pH和土壤全磷之间具有显著的相关性。在OTUs的层次上,大多数的外生菌根真菌与环境之间的相关性并不明显,其中仅有Clavulina sp.1和Heydeira sp.两种外生菌根真菌与多种环境因素均表现出显著相关,Inocybe sp.1仅与土壤pH值之间表现出显著相关,Thelephora caryophyllea与土壤全氮含量具有显著相关性。而在属的层次上,只有两种优势属与环境因素之间显示出显著的相关性,Heyderia与Bisporella外生菌根真菌与海拔、土壤pH和土壤全氮之间具有显著相关性。通过MANOVA对环境因素与太白红杉外生菌根群落之间的相关性检验,结果表明:宿主位置、海拔、土壤pH值、土壤有机碳和土壤全氮均是显著影响太白山太白红杉外生菌根群落的主要环境因素。其中,宿主位置在单独环境解释变量中占的比重最大,土壤理化性质次之。
[Abstract]:The high mountain line area is the key area of the study of ecologists, but most of the research on the high mountain line area is concerned with the dynamic change of the plant community on the ground, and the research on the underground microbial community is still less. Larix chinensis is the only forest line of the alpine forest system in the Taibai mountain area of the Qinling Mountains, and is also one of the species of conifer which can form a typical symbiosis structure with the external arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and is an ideal object for studying the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in the high mountain forest. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community with different distribution bands (tree line distribution belt, forest line distribution belt, Taibai redwood pure forest belt, Taibai red fir mixed forest belt and Taibai Redwood Forest inverted belt) were used as the research object in this study. By means of the method of the combination of the ecological gradient sample and the typical sampling method, the method of identification of the mycorrhizal and modern molecular biology was used to analyze and study the species composition of the community structure of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Taibai, and the biostatistical analysis method was used. in that study, the spatial structure and the rule of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community in the Taibai mountain were analyzed, and the main environmental factors of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community of the Taibai mountain were explained by studying the correlation between the arbuscular mycorrhizal community and the environmental molecule of the Taibai mountain. The mechanism of the ecological adaptability of Taibai-Sequoia in the region of Taibai Mountain is explained from the angle of the external arbuscular mycorrhiza, and the related research on the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in the high-mountain forest is supplemented. The main results of this study are as follows: A total of 60 Arbuscular mycorrhizal OUs are identified by means of field sampling investigation, morphological classification and molecular identification. Basidiomycetes are the main components of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in Taibai, and the second is the sub-sacchomycete. Among them, the dominant species of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Taibai Mountain are: Tomentella, Sebacina, Inocybe, Heyderia and Lactivarius. The diversity index of the external arbuscular mycorrhizal community of the different distribution bands of the Taibai red fir trees showed that the diversity index of the external arbuscular mycorrhizal community in the Taibai red fir tree line and the forest line belt was slightly higher than that of the Taibai red fir forest distribution belt, The Taibai red fir tree line has more indicator species with respect to the other distribution bands. The difference of the spatial distribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community was found in the community cluster analysis. The results showed that the structure of the extraterrestrial mycorrhizal community had a significant difference in the non-depressed distribution band and the closed distribution belt, and in the non-depressed Taibai red fir tree line and the forest line, Sebacina, Inocybe and Heyderia are the dominant species in the external arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community, while the Heyderia, Lactis and Russula are the main advantages of the forest belt, and there is a significant difference between the distribution of the different distribution bands of the Mycorrhizal fungi in Sebacina, Heyderia, Tomentella and Bisporella. These differences indicate that the change of the spatial structure of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community is mainly due to the change of the relative abundance and frequency of the dominant species in the community, and the spatial structure change of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in the Taibai Redwood is not a fault type, but has a certain gradual change characteristic, It is shown that two continuous bands usually have some of the same advantages. There was a significant correlation between the richness of the arbuscular mycorrhizal and the organic carbon content of the soil at the host, and there was a significant correlation between the soil pH and the total phosphorus in the soil. At the level of the OTUs, the correlation between most of the extrinsic mycorrhizal fungi and the environment is not significant, with only Clavulina sp. 1 and Heydeira sp. There was a significant correlation between the two external arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and many environmental factors. At the same level, there is a significant correlation between the two dominant genera and environmental factors, and there is a significant correlation between Heyderia and Bisporella's arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and altitude, soil pH and soil total nitrogen. The results showed that the host location, altitude, soil pH value, soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen were the main environmental factors that significantly affected the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in Taibai Mountain. Among them, the host location is the largest in the individual environmental interpretation variables, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are the second.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S791.226
本文编号：2338080
[Abstract]:The high mountain line area is the key area of the study of ecologists, but most of the research on the high mountain line area is concerned with the dynamic change of the plant community on the ground, and the research on the underground microbial community is still less. Larix chinensis is the only forest line of the alpine forest system in the Taibai mountain area of the Qinling Mountains, and is also one of the species of conifer which can form a typical symbiosis structure with the external arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and is an ideal object for studying the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in the high mountain forest. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community with different distribution bands (tree line distribution belt, forest line distribution belt, Taibai redwood pure forest belt, Taibai red fir mixed forest belt and Taibai Redwood Forest inverted belt) were used as the research object in this study. By means of the method of the combination of the ecological gradient sample and the typical sampling method, the method of identification of the mycorrhizal and modern molecular biology was used to analyze and study the species composition of the community structure of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Taibai, and the biostatistical analysis method was used. in that study, the spatial structure and the rule of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community in the Taibai mountain were analyzed, and the main environmental factors of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community of the Taibai mountain were explained by studying the correlation between the arbuscular mycorrhizal community and the environmental molecule of the Taibai mountain. The mechanism of the ecological adaptability of Taibai-Sequoia in the region of Taibai Mountain is explained from the angle of the external arbuscular mycorrhiza, and the related research on the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in the high-mountain forest is supplemented. The main results of this study are as follows: A total of 60 Arbuscular mycorrhizal OUs are identified by means of field sampling investigation, morphological classification and molecular identification. Basidiomycetes are the main components of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in Taibai, and the second is the sub-sacchomycete. Among them, the dominant species of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Taibai Mountain are: Tomentella, Sebacina, Inocybe, Heyderia and Lactivarius. The diversity index of the external arbuscular mycorrhizal community of the different distribution bands of the Taibai red fir trees showed that the diversity index of the external arbuscular mycorrhizal community in the Taibai red fir tree line and the forest line belt was slightly higher than that of the Taibai red fir forest distribution belt, The Taibai red fir tree line has more indicator species with respect to the other distribution bands. The difference of the spatial distribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community was found in the community cluster analysis. The results showed that the structure of the extraterrestrial mycorrhizal community had a significant difference in the non-depressed distribution band and the closed distribution belt, and in the non-depressed Taibai red fir tree line and the forest line, Sebacina, Inocybe and Heyderia are the dominant species in the external arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community, while the Heyderia, Lactis and Russula are the main advantages of the forest belt, and there is a significant difference between the distribution of the different distribution bands of the Mycorrhizal fungi in Sebacina, Heyderia, Tomentella and Bisporella. These differences indicate that the change of the spatial structure of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community is mainly due to the change of the relative abundance and frequency of the dominant species in the community, and the spatial structure change of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in the Taibai Redwood is not a fault type, but has a certain gradual change characteristic, It is shown that two continuous bands usually have some of the same advantages. There was a significant correlation between the richness of the arbuscular mycorrhizal and the organic carbon content of the soil at the host, and there was a significant correlation between the soil pH and the total phosphorus in the soil. At the level of the OTUs, the correlation between most of the extrinsic mycorrhizal fungi and the environment is not significant, with only Clavulina sp. 1 and Heydeira sp. There was a significant correlation between the two external arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and many environmental factors. At the same level, there is a significant correlation between the two dominant genera and environmental factors, and there is a significant correlation between Heyderia and Bisporella's arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and altitude, soil pH and soil total nitrogen. The results showed that the host location, altitude, soil pH value, soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen were the main environmental factors that significantly affected the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in Taibai Mountain. Among them, the host location is the largest in the individual environmental interpretation variables, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are the second.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S791.226
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