甘草倾斜移栽关键部件设计与试验研究

发布时间：2018-11-19 19:59

【摘要】：甘草不仅是一种重要的中草药,而且在食品工业中也有广泛的应用。随着甘草需求量的增加,野生甘草资源已不能满足市场需求,人工栽培甘草已成为解决甘草资源供需矛盾的有效途径。直播法因其幼苗成活率低、生长周期长、根系深,在收获时难以挖掘。研究表明,甘草种植可以采用育苗移栽方式,收获时不需挖深,易于机械化收获作业,甘草能健康生长,品质好,产量高。育苗移栽是人工栽培甘草理想的栽培模式,且甘草倾斜移栽在适应性、产量方面优于水平移栽。因此本文结合甘草根苗育苗移栽的农艺要求设计了甘草倾斜移栽机,主要研究内容如下:1、对国内外早地移栽机和移栽农艺进行调查研究的基础上,统计获得移栽用甘草根苗的尺寸参数,通过设计甘草根苗振动分离排序装置建立振动分苗排序的临界参数模型,经试验验证甘草根苗振动分离的可行性,为整机分苗方式的选取提供依据。2、进行了甘草根苗倾斜移栽关键工作部件——甘草根苗水平投苗倾斜移栽开沟器理论研究、设计与试验。本文基于开沟器土壤回流特性利用解析法设计建立开沟器结构参数、工作参数与倾斜V行断面沟倾斜角度、沟底长度之间的数学模型,通过正交试验确定倾斜V型断面沟倾斜角度的主要因素是开沟器土壤回流口角度,影响沟底长度的因素主次为开沟器作业深度、开沟器土壤回流口角度、开沟器翼板间距、土壤休止角、开沟器作业速度。所建数学模型理论和试验结果误差小于4%,该数学模型可用于实现特定要求的倾斜V型断面沟的开沟器的参数获取。通过投苗试验验证,开沟器作业速度为影响甘草根苗水平投苗移栽后甘草根苗倾斜角度的主要因素,通过建立甘草移栽后甘草根苗倾斜角度参数模型,获得开沟器水平投苗优化参数公式,通过EDEM离散元仿真软件进行优化仿真试验,确定开沟器水平投苗优化参数公式可用来进行开沟器优化参数获取。经试验验证,为保证移栽后甘草根苗的倾斜角度,应选择甘草滞后投苗系数η≥1即甘草根苗投苗滞后投苗距离偏差E≥0。3、分析了甘草根苗倾斜移栽机提升装置提升状态模型确定提升装置能够实现无自锁提升的初始状态。设计了甘草根苗辅助分苗、输苗、投苗装置,并进行各部件空间结构配置。在此基础上设计了甘草根苗倾斜移栽机,并进行了大田试验,4行甘草根苗倾斜移栽机作业质量良好,甘草根苗倾斜移栽后根苗株距满足甘草根苗移栽的农艺要求,且甘草根苗移栽株距、芽端深度误差均在5%以内,甘草根苗倾斜移栽机作业稳定性好。
[Abstract]:Licorice is not only an important Chinese herbal medicine, but also widely used in food industry. With the increasing demand of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, wild liquorice resources can not meet the market demand. Artificial cultivation of licorice has become an effective way to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Because of its low survival rate, long growth cycle and deep root system, direct seeding method is difficult to excavate at harvest time. The results show that Glycyrrhiza uralensis can grow healthily, have good quality and high yield with no need to dig deep at harvest, easy to mechanized harvesting. Seedling cultivation and transplanting is an ideal cultivation model for cultivated liquorice, and oblique transplanting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis is superior to horizontal transplanting in adaptability and yield. In this paper, the tilting transplanting machine of Glycyrrhiza uralensis was designed according to the agronomic requirements of seedling cultivation of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The main research contents are as follows: 1. On the basis of investigation and research on early transplanting machine and transplanting agronomy at home and abroad, The size parameters of transplanting Glycyrrhiza uralensis root seedlings were obtained by statistics. The critical parameter model of vibratory seedling sorting was established by designing the vibration separation and sorting device of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root seedlings. The feasibility of vibration separation of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root seedlings was verified by experiments. 2. Theoretical study, design and test of the tilting transplanting ditch opener of liquorice root seedling was carried out. 2. The key component of tilting transplanting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root seedling was studied theoretically. In this paper, based on the soil reflux characteristics of the trencher, the mathematical model of the structure parameters, the working parameters and the slope angle and the length of the trench bottom are established by using the analytical method. Through orthogonal test, the main factors of slope angle of inclined V-section trench are the angle of soil reflux mouth of trench opener, the main and secondary factors influencing the length of furrow bottom are the working depth of trench opener, the angle of soil reflux mouth of trench opener, and the spacing of flange plate of trench opener. Soil angle of repose, operating speed of trench opener. The error of theoretical and experimental results of the established mathematical model is less than 4. The mathematical model can be used to obtain the parameters of the trench opener with inclined V-shaped section trench with special requirements. It was proved by seedling feeding experiment that the working speed of trench opener was the main factor that affected the tilting angle of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root seedling after transplanting horizontal seedling of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and the model of tilting angle parameter of licorice root seedling after transplanting was established. The formula of optimal parameters for horizontal seeding of trench opener is obtained, and the optimization simulation test is carried out by EDEM discrete element simulation software. It is determined that the formula of optimal parameters of horizontal seedling casting of trench opener can be used to obtain optimal parameters of trench opener. In order to ensure the tilting angle of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root seedling after transplanting, we should choose 畏 鈮，

本文编号：2343279