鸡蛋暗斑的形成机理探索研究
发布时间：2019-03-22 09:54
【摘要】：蛋壳暗斑主要为鸡蛋内容物中水分渗透并积聚在蛋壳形成。自然光照下蛋壳暗斑部分呈水印色,而在LED灯穿透下,暗斑部分透光率增强变成半透明色。暗斑广泛存在于不同品系蛋鸡群体中,并且极大影响鸡蛋美观,降低鸡蛋商业价值。国际上暗斑蛋的报道已经有90年的历史,并从不同角度进行了研究,但是其基本表现规律、遗传特性、结构差异和形成机理等并不清楚。本研究以矮小褐壳蛋鸡(DWL)和白来航蛋鸡(WLL)为试验材料,探究了暗斑性状的度量,基本表现规律和影响因素,暗斑对生产性能的影响并计算其遗传参数。结果表明:4级分级法可以较准确而高效地对暗斑分级,暗斑贯穿于蛋壳的整个矿化层,63周龄矮小暗斑的遗传力为0.22。选择56周龄矮小褐壳蛋鸡暗斑蛋(4级)和正常蛋(1级)测量蛋品质和失水变化,结果表明暗斑组蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度显著高于正常组(P0.05),蛋壳膜厚度显著低于正常组;两组鸡蛋4周内失重没有显著差异。对42周龄矮小褐壳蛋鸡和50周龄白来航蛋鸡蛋壳微观结构和蛋壳膜物理性质研究,在矮小褐壳蛋鸡上发现与上述相同结果,在白来航蛋鸡仅发现暗斑组蛋壳强度高于正常组;在矮小褐壳蛋鸡和白来航蛋鸡都发现暗斑组蛋壳膜最大拉伸力显著低于正常组,两个群体在蛋壳气孔数量、气泡孔数量和面积等蛋壳超微孔隙结构上没有显著差异。此外,暗斑组蛋壳膜氨基酸总含量(86.36%)、脯氨酸和赖氨酸含量显著低于正常组(86.36%)(P0.05)。为了定位与暗斑形成相关的基因,本试验使用Affymatrix公司开发的600K基因芯片对暗斑性状全基因组关联分析。从1200只500d白来航蛋鸡中选择96只连续3天产暗斑蛋的个体和96只连续产正常蛋的个体,质量控制、基因填充和群体分层校正后进行关联分析。结果找到与暗斑显著相关的 4 个 SNP 位点(rs318150079,rs15150251,rs313637053 和 rs316987262)和 170 个潜在显著位点,这些位点主要位于2号和19号染色体。通过连锁分析4个显著位点对应8个基因和3个QTL,170个潜在显著位点对应23个基因。结合前人研究成果和本试验结果,本试验认为蛋壳暗斑形成的根本原因是蛋壳膜韧性较差导致壳内水分透过蛋壳膜并积聚在蛋壳,较厚的蛋壳和较高的蛋壳强度加重了暗斑严重程度。综上所述,本研究衡量了暗斑蛋的度量方法,确定了暗斑存在的位置,首次计算了暗斑蛋的遗传力(0.22)等遗传参数;探究了暗斑与正常蛋蛋壳结构、蛋壳膜结构,组成成分等,并通过GWAS揭示了可能与暗斑形成有关的染色体区域。为进一步研究暗斑的形成机理和分子机制提供了基础。
[Abstract]:Egg shell dark spot is mainly egg content water infiltration and accumulation in the egg shell formation. The dark spots of eggshell were water-printed under natural light, but the translucent color of dark spots was enhanced by LED light penetration. Dark spots widely exist in different strains of laying hens, and greatly affect the beauty of eggs, reduce the commercial value of eggs. It has been reported in the world for 90 years, and has been studied from different angles. However, the basic rules of expression, genetic characteristics, structural differences and formation mechanism are not clear. In this study, (DWL) and (WLL) of low brown shell laying hens and white Laihang laying hens were used as experimental materials to explore the measurement of dark spot characters, basic performance rules and influencing factors, the effect of dark spots on production performance and the calculation of their genetic parameters. The results showed that the 4-level classification method could be used to classify the dark spots accurately and efficiently. The dark spots permeated the whole mineralized layer of the eggshell and the heritability of the low dark spots at 63 weeks old was 0.22. Dark spotted eggs (grade 4) and normal eggs (grade 1) of 56-week-old low brown shell layers were selected to measure the changes of egg quality and water loss. The results showed that the egg shell strength and shell thickness in the dark spot group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P0.05). The thickness of eggshell membrane was significantly lower than that of normal group. There was no significant difference in weight loss between the two groups within 4 weeks. The microstructure and membrane physical properties of 42-week-old brown-shell and 50-week-old white egg eggshell were studied. The same results were found on the low brown-shell layer. The intensity of egg shell in the dark spot group was higher than that in the normal group. It was found that the maximum extensibility of eggshell membrane in dark spot group was significantly lower than that in normal group. There was no significant difference in the number of stomata, the number and area of vesicular pores between the two populations. In addition, the total amino acid content of eggshell membrane (86.36%), proline and lysine content in dark spot group were significantly lower than those in normal group (86.36%) (P0.05). In order to locate genes associated with dark spot formation, a 600K gene chip developed by Affymatrix Company was used to analyze the whole genome association of dark spot traits. From 1200 white Laihang laying hens for 500 days, 96 individuals with dark macular eggs for 3 consecutive days and 96 individuals with continuous normal eggs were selected. The correlation analysis was carried out after quality control, gene filling and population stratification correction. Results four SNP loci (rs318150079,rs15150251,rs313637053 and rs316987262) and 170 potential salient loci were found, which were mainly located on chromosomes 2 and 19. Linkage analysis was carried out for 8 genes and 3 QTL,170 potential loci corresponding to 23 genes for 4 salient loci. According to the previous research results and the results of this experiment, the root cause of dark spot formation of eggshell is the poor toughness of eggshell membrane, which results in water passing through the eggshell membrane and accumulating in the eggshell. Thicker eggshells and higher eggshell strength aggravate the severity of dark spots. For the first time, the heritability (0.22) and other genetic parameters of dark macula eggs were calculated for the first time. The dark spot and normal egg shell structure, eggshell membrane structure, composition and so on were studied. The chromosome regions which might be related to dark spot formation were revealed by GWAS. It provides a basis for further study on the formation mechanism and molecular mechanism of dark spots.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S831
本文编号：2445491
[Abstract]:Egg shell dark spot is mainly egg content water infiltration and accumulation in the egg shell formation. The dark spots of eggshell were water-printed under natural light, but the translucent color of dark spots was enhanced by LED light penetration. Dark spots widely exist in different strains of laying hens, and greatly affect the beauty of eggs, reduce the commercial value of eggs. It has been reported in the world for 90 years, and has been studied from different angles. However, the basic rules of expression, genetic characteristics, structural differences and formation mechanism are not clear. In this study, (DWL) and (WLL) of low brown shell laying hens and white Laihang laying hens were used as experimental materials to explore the measurement of dark spot characters, basic performance rules and influencing factors, the effect of dark spots on production performance and the calculation of their genetic parameters. The results showed that the 4-level classification method could be used to classify the dark spots accurately and efficiently. The dark spots permeated the whole mineralized layer of the eggshell and the heritability of the low dark spots at 63 weeks old was 0.22. Dark spotted eggs (grade 4) and normal eggs (grade 1) of 56-week-old low brown shell layers were selected to measure the changes of egg quality and water loss. The results showed that the egg shell strength and shell thickness in the dark spot group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P0.05). The thickness of eggshell membrane was significantly lower than that of normal group. There was no significant difference in weight loss between the two groups within 4 weeks. The microstructure and membrane physical properties of 42-week-old brown-shell and 50-week-old white egg eggshell were studied. The same results were found on the low brown-shell layer. The intensity of egg shell in the dark spot group was higher than that in the normal group. It was found that the maximum extensibility of eggshell membrane in dark spot group was significantly lower than that in normal group. There was no significant difference in the number of stomata, the number and area of vesicular pores between the two populations. In addition, the total amino acid content of eggshell membrane (86.36%), proline and lysine content in dark spot group were significantly lower than those in normal group (86.36%) (P0.05). In order to locate genes associated with dark spot formation, a 600K gene chip developed by Affymatrix Company was used to analyze the whole genome association of dark spot traits. From 1200 white Laihang laying hens for 500 days, 96 individuals with dark macular eggs for 3 consecutive days and 96 individuals with continuous normal eggs were selected. The correlation analysis was carried out after quality control, gene filling and population stratification correction. Results four SNP loci (rs318150079,rs15150251,rs313637053 and rs316987262) and 170 potential salient loci were found, which were mainly located on chromosomes 2 and 19. Linkage analysis was carried out for 8 genes and 3 QTL,170 potential loci corresponding to 23 genes for 4 salient loci. According to the previous research results and the results of this experiment, the root cause of dark spot formation of eggshell is the poor toughness of eggshell membrane, which results in water passing through the eggshell membrane and accumulating in the eggshell. Thicker eggshells and higher eggshell strength aggravate the severity of dark spots. For the first time, the heritability (0.22) and other genetic parameters of dark macula eggs were calculated for the first time. The dark spot and normal egg shell structure, eggshell membrane structure, composition and so on were studied. The chromosome regions which might be related to dark spot formation were revealed by GWAS. It provides a basis for further study on the formation mechanism and molecular mechanism of dark spots.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S831
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