膜下滴灌马铃薯田间水热传输机制与模拟
发布时间：2019-03-26 09:39
【摘要】：西北地区光热资源丰富,有利于马铃薯的种植,但水资源极度匮乏。水热胁迫会影响马铃薯产量和品质。膜下滴灌可以为马铃薯生长提供适宜的水热环境从而节约用水,提高产量和品质。研究膜下滴灌马铃薯田间水热传输规律可以为膜下滴灌系统的设计和管理提供科学依据及指导。本文通过2014年和2015年在中国农业大学石羊河实验站的田间试验,研究不同薄膜覆盖(透明薄膜,TMP2;不覆膜,NMP2;黑色薄膜,BMP2)和不同滴灌湿润比(35%,TMP1;55%,TMP2;75%,TMP3)马铃薯田间水热传输规律及其对马铃薯生长的影响。利用HYDRUS-2D模拟不同滴灌湿润比土壤水热运移规律。构建膜下滴灌马铃薯田间热传输模型。所得研究成果如下:(1)揭示不同薄膜覆盖处理马铃薯田间热变化规律及其对马铃薯生长的影响。BMP2处理的田间净辐射要高于TMP2和NMP2处理。2014年和2015年,在幼苗期,BMP2处理垄顶薄膜表面温度的最大值比TMP2处理分别高3.0和3.9 ℃。随着马铃薯冠层的生长,各薄膜覆盖处理田间热环境变量的差异逐渐减小。BMP2处理的株高要大于TMP2处理,地上部分的热和辐射是影响马铃薯株高的主要因素。虽然BMP2处理的马铃薯产量与TMP2处理相当,但是在2014年和2015年BMP2处理的耗水比TMP2处理分别要高9%和8%。(2)揭示不同薄膜覆盖和滴灌湿润比处理土壤水分分布及其对马铃薯生长的影响。薄膜覆盖处理在0～10 cm深度处的土壤含水量高于不薄膜覆盖处理。随着马铃薯冠层覆盖度增大,不覆膜处理和薄膜覆盖处理的这种差异逐渐减小。BMP2处理垄顶的土壤水分变化幅度要大于TMP2处理。不覆膜处理的马铃薯根系要多于薄膜覆盖处理。TMP1处理的下层土壤含水量随着马铃薯生长而逐渐降低,其根系要多于TMP2和TMP3处理。2014年和2015年TMP1处理的马铃薯水分利用效率比TMP3处理分别高17%和25%。TMP1处理更有利于马铃薯种植。(3)利用HYDRUS-2D模拟不同滴灌湿润比土壤水热运移规律。使用三种方法模拟土壤水分运动:用土壤质地信息获得的土壤水力学参数进行模拟(SSTI);用土壤水分特征曲线获得的土壤水力学参数进行模拟(SSWRC);用反演模型获得的土壤水力学参数进行模拟(SInverse)。SInverse模拟效果最好,尤其在10cm深度处。土壤温度的模拟效果比较好,在10～50cm度(TMP2处理20cm深度除外),其均方根误差RMSE范围为1.0～2.5℃。(4)建立膜下滴灌马铃薯田间热传输模型,引入光合有效辐射透射率和冠层覆盖度考虑冠层生长和辐射传输过程。通过率定和验证,该模型可以模拟温度、土壤热通量、净辐射日变化及生育期变化规律。通过全局敏感性分析得TMP2和BMP2处理白天冠层温度的最敏感参数均为平均气孔阻力。
[Abstract]:The north-west area is rich in photothermal resources, which is beneficial to the cultivation of the potato, but the water resource is extremely scarce. Hydrothermal stress can affect that yield and quality of the potato. The drip irrigation under the membrane can provide a suitable hydrothermal environment for the growth of the potatoes so as to save water, improve the yield and the quality. The law of the field hydrothermal transfer of the drip irrigation potato under the research film can provide scientific basis and guidance for the design and management of the drip irrigation system under the membrane. According to the field experiment of Shiyang River experimental station in China Agricultural University in 2014 and 2015, the different film coverage (transparent film, TMP2, non-coating, NMP2, black film, BMP2) and the wet ratio of different drip irrigation (35%, TMP1,55%, TMP2, and 75%) were studied. The law of the hydrothermal transfer in the field of the potato and its effect on the growth of the potato. The thermal migration of soil water was simulated with HYDRUS-2D. The field heat transfer model of the drip irrigation potato under the construction of the film was constructed. The results of the study are as follows: (1) The effect of different film coverage on the field thermal variation of the potato and its effect on the growth of the potato is revealed. The net radiation in the field of BMP2 was higher than that of TMP2 and NMP2. In the period of 2014 and 2015, the maximum temperature of the surface of the ridging film was 3.0 and 3.9 鈩，
本文编号：2447420
[Abstract]:The north-west area is rich in photothermal resources, which is beneficial to the cultivation of the potato, but the water resource is extremely scarce. Hydrothermal stress can affect that yield and quality of the potato. The drip irrigation under the membrane can provide a suitable hydrothermal environment for the growth of the potatoes so as to save water, improve the yield and the quality. The law of the field hydrothermal transfer of the drip irrigation potato under the research film can provide scientific basis and guidance for the design and management of the drip irrigation system under the membrane. According to the field experiment of Shiyang River experimental station in China Agricultural University in 2014 and 2015, the different film coverage (transparent film, TMP2, non-coating, NMP2, black film, BMP2) and the wet ratio of different drip irrigation (35%, TMP1,55%, TMP2, and 75%) were studied. The law of the hydrothermal transfer in the field of the potato and its effect on the growth of the potato. The thermal migration of soil water was simulated with HYDRUS-2D. The field heat transfer model of the drip irrigation potato under the construction of the film was constructed. The results of the study are as follows: (1) The effect of different film coverage on the field thermal variation of the potato and its effect on the growth of the potato is revealed. The net radiation in the field of BMP2 was higher than that of TMP2 and NMP2. In the period of 2014 and 2015, the maximum temperature of the surface of the ridging film was 3.0 and 3.9 鈩，
本文编号：2447420
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