茶树宿根连作的负间接化感作用方式及其环境友好型修复机理
发布时间：2022-09-17 16:08
茶是世界热带和亚热带地区的经济灌木植物。中国是最大的茶叶生产国。然而,茶树在同一土壤中建立数年后,随着时间的推移,茶树的生长,品质和产量表现也会下降。因此,解决长期茶树宿根连作所导致的间接化感问题对茶叶行业至关重要。本研究以宿根连作20-30年根际土壤作为对象,并以宿根连作2-5年根际土壤和未种植过茶树的土壤作为对照,利用高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱（HPLC-ESI-MS）对茶树根系分泌物及其叶凋落物中的活性化感物质进行鉴定和定量分析;使用高通量测序技术测定根际土壤细菌群落的结构及其多样性动态变化;运用RT-PCR等技术对上述土壤细菌群落高通量测序结果进行验证;使用冗余分析（RDA）和室内互作测试分析研究微生物与土壤理化性质和化感物质之间的相关性。结果表明:（?）宿根连作2-5年新茶园根际土壤相比,连续宿根单一连作20-30年的茶园根际土壤表现出pH值降低和产生生长不良和叶片缺绿甚至枯死等连作障碍问题。此外,宿根单一连作茶园的茶叶质量明显低于新种植的茶园。在宿根单一连作体系中,随种植年限增加,新叶芽长度,第3片叶片叶绿素含量,净光合速率（Pn）,百芽重和干茶叶产量显著降低。据此,本研...
【文章页数】：113 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
LIST OF ABBRIVATIONS
摘要
Abstract
1 Introduction and review of literature
1.1 Problem statements
1.2 Previous study and the existing scientific issue
1.3 Causes of Consecutively monoculture problems
1.4 Disorder in soil physio-chemical properties
1.4.1 Ammonium ions (NH_4~+) disorder in consecutively monoculture teaplantations
1.4.2 Aluminum toxicity (Al~(+3)) in consecutively monoculture tea plantations
1.4.3 Soil heavy metal contaminations in consecutively monoculture teaplantations
1.5 Allelopathy
1.5.1 Direct Allelopathy/Autotoxicity mechanism in consecutively monoculturetea plantations
1.5.2 Indirect Allelopathy in consecutively monoculture plantations
1.6 Environment-friendly remediated mechanism study
1.7 Research purpose
1.8 Objectives of the study
2 Materials and methods
2.1 Test area overview
2.2 Sampling from different tea plantations of different ages
2.3 Experimental design for restoration study
2.4 Replanting of tea seedling in fresh and consecutive monoculture tea soil
2.5 Quality parameters analysis
2.5.1 Chromatographic conditions for theanine
2.5.2 The chromatographic conditions for caffeine
2.5.3 The chromatographic conditions for tea polyphenols
2.5.4 The total amount of free amino acids determination
2.6 Growth index and yield determination
2.7 Soil physio-chemical properties determination
2.8 Analysis of Acidity and Salt Content of Rhizosphere Soil
2.9 Analysis of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) in rhizosphere soils
2.9.1 Pharmaceutical reagents
2.9.2 Chromatographic conditions
2.9.3 Preparation of standards and their standard curve production
2.9.4 Preparation and determination of organic acids from rhizosphere soil
2.10 Determination of soil microbial biomass C(SMB-C)and P(SMB-P)
2.11 Analysis of soil enzymatic activities
2.12 Identification and quantification of allelochemicals from tea root exudates andleaves litters
2.12.1 Standards materials and their calibration curves
2.12.2 Allelochemicals determination from leaves litters and rhizoplane (rootexudates)
2.12.3 The chromatographic conditions for allelochemical determination
2.13 Root-associated bacterial communities structure, composition and diversityanalysis across different tea plantations of different ages
2.13.1 DNA Extraction and Purification
2.13.2 The metagenomic analysis of the root-associated bacterial communities. 232.13.3 High throughput sequences statistical and Bioinformatics Analysis
2.13.3 High throughput sequences statistical and Bioinformatics Analysis
2.14 Quantitative PCR analysis in situ of total bacteria in ratooning monoculture teasoil
2.15 Quantitative PCR analysis in situ of Pseudomonas population in ratooningmonoculture tea soil
2.16 Invitro-interactions of allelochemicals with selected model bacteria
2.16.1 Preparation of LB medium
2.16.2 Preparation of LB agar plates
2.16.3 Preparation of soil serial dilution
2.16.4 Sub-culturing of bacteria
2.16.5 Enrichment and preservation of bacteria
2.16.6 The influence of identified allelochemicals on the growth of selectedmodel microbes
2.16.7 Biotransformation of catechin and effect on soil pH
3 Results
3.1 The performance of tea plants in consecutively ratooned monoculture systems283.2 Soil physio-chemical properties determination
3.2 Soil physio-chemical properties determination
3.3 Analysis of rhizoplane exudates in consecutively monoculture tea plantation
3.4 Analysis of catechins from leaves litters in consecutive monoculture teaplantation
3.5 16S rRNA-based meta-genomic analysis of tea root-associated bacteria
3.6 Distinct and overlapping bacterial communities of root-associated bacterialcommunities across different tea plantations of different ages
3.7 Abundance of total bacteria, Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera by by Colonyforming units quantitative-PCR methods
3.8 Correlation of bacterial abundance with soil physio-chemical properties
3.9 Correlations of bacterial abundance with allelochemicals
3.10 Invitro interactions of different types of allelochemicals with model growthpromoting bacteria
3.11 Invitro interactions of different types of allelochemicals with model Catechinsdegrading bacteria
3.12 Biotransformation of catechins and their effect on pH
3.13 Available nutrient status in the tea rhizosphere soil under different fertilizers
3.14 Analysis of soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere of Tea under differentfertilizers
3.15 Acidity status of tea rhizosphere soil under different fertilizers treatments
3.16 Analysis of five low molecular weight organic acids in rhizosphere soil of teatreated with different fertilization
3.17 Soil microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus in tea rhizosphere soil underdifferent fertilizers
3.18 Alpha-Diversity and richness indices of soil bacterial community based underdifferent fertilizers
3.19 Shift in bacterial community structure and composition under differentfertilization
3.20 Relationship of acidity with abundance of bacterial phyla in rhizosphere soilunder different fertilizers
3.21 Relationship of soil enzymes and microbial biomass with abundance ofbacterial phyla in rhizosphere soil under different fertilizers
3.22 Relationship of available nutrients with abundance of bacterial phyla inrhizosphere soil under different fertilizers
3.23 Effects of different fertilization on the growth, net photosynthetic rate and thirdleaf's chlorophyll contents
3.24 Hundred-bud weight and yield of tea leaves under different fertilizers
3.25 Biochemical components of tea leave under different fertilizers
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion and future perspectives
6 Recommendations
7 References
8 Appendices
9 List of publications and achievements
10 Acknowledgements
DEDICATION
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Environmental Problems From Tea Cultivation in Japan and a Control Measure Using Calcium Cyanamide[J]. K.OH,T.KATO. Pedosphere. 2006(06)
[2]苏、浙、皖茶区茶园土壤pH状况及近十年来的变化[J]. 马立锋,石元值,阮建云. 土壤通报. 2000(05)
[3]熏蒸法测定土壤微生物量碳的改进[J]. 林启美,吴玉光,刘焕龙. 生态学杂志. 1999(02)
[4]茶园—土壤系统铝和氟的生物地球化学循环及其对土壤酸化的影响[J]. 丁瑞兴,黄骁. 土壤学报. 1991(03)
本文编号：3679543
【文章页数】：113 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
LIST OF ABBRIVATIONS
摘要
Abstract
1 Introduction and review of literature
1.1 Problem statements
1.2 Previous study and the existing scientific issue
1.3 Causes of Consecutively monoculture problems
1.4 Disorder in soil physio-chemical properties
1.4.1 Ammonium ions (NH_4~+) disorder in consecutively monoculture teaplantations
1.4.2 Aluminum toxicity (Al~(+3)) in consecutively monoculture tea plantations
1.4.3 Soil heavy metal contaminations in consecutively monoculture teaplantations
1.5 Allelopathy
1.5.1 Direct Allelopathy/Autotoxicity mechanism in consecutively monoculturetea plantations
1.5.2 Indirect Allelopathy in consecutively monoculture plantations
1.6 Environment-friendly remediated mechanism study
1.7 Research purpose
1.8 Objectives of the study
2 Materials and methods
2.1 Test area overview
2.2 Sampling from different tea plantations of different ages
2.3 Experimental design for restoration study
2.4 Replanting of tea seedling in fresh and consecutive monoculture tea soil
2.5 Quality parameters analysis
2.5.1 Chromatographic conditions for theanine
2.5.2 The chromatographic conditions for caffeine
2.5.3 The chromatographic conditions for tea polyphenols
2.5.4 The total amount of free amino acids determination
2.6 Growth index and yield determination
2.7 Soil physio-chemical properties determination
2.8 Analysis of Acidity and Salt Content of Rhizosphere Soil
2.9 Analysis of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) in rhizosphere soils
2.9.1 Pharmaceutical reagents
2.9.2 Chromatographic conditions
2.9.3 Preparation of standards and their standard curve production
2.9.4 Preparation and determination of organic acids from rhizosphere soil
2.10 Determination of soil microbial biomass C(SMB-C)and P(SMB-P)
2.11 Analysis of soil enzymatic activities
2.12 Identification and quantification of allelochemicals from tea root exudates andleaves litters
2.12.1 Standards materials and their calibration curves
2.12.2 Allelochemicals determination from leaves litters and rhizoplane (rootexudates)
2.12.3 The chromatographic conditions for allelochemical determination
2.13 Root-associated bacterial communities structure, composition and diversityanalysis across different tea plantations of different ages
2.13.1 DNA Extraction and Purification
2.13.2 The metagenomic analysis of the root-associated bacterial communities. 232.13.3 High throughput sequences statistical and Bioinformatics Analysis
2.13.3 High throughput sequences statistical and Bioinformatics Analysis
2.14 Quantitative PCR analysis in situ of total bacteria in ratooning monoculture teasoil
2.15 Quantitative PCR analysis in situ of Pseudomonas population in ratooningmonoculture tea soil
2.16 Invitro-interactions of allelochemicals with selected model bacteria
2.16.1 Preparation of LB medium
2.16.2 Preparation of LB agar plates
2.16.3 Preparation of soil serial dilution
2.16.4 Sub-culturing of bacteria
2.16.5 Enrichment and preservation of bacteria
2.16.6 The influence of identified allelochemicals on the growth of selectedmodel microbes
2.16.7 Biotransformation of catechin and effect on soil pH
3 Results
3.1 The performance of tea plants in consecutively ratooned monoculture systems283.2 Soil physio-chemical properties determination
3.2 Soil physio-chemical properties determination
3.3 Analysis of rhizoplane exudates in consecutively monoculture tea plantation
3.4 Analysis of catechins from leaves litters in consecutive monoculture teaplantation
3.5 16S rRNA-based meta-genomic analysis of tea root-associated bacteria
3.6 Distinct and overlapping bacterial communities of root-associated bacterialcommunities across different tea plantations of different ages
3.7 Abundance of total bacteria, Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera by by Colonyforming units quantitative-PCR methods
3.8 Correlation of bacterial abundance with soil physio-chemical properties
3.9 Correlations of bacterial abundance with allelochemicals
3.10 Invitro interactions of different types of allelochemicals with model growthpromoting bacteria
3.11 Invitro interactions of different types of allelochemicals with model Catechinsdegrading bacteria
3.12 Biotransformation of catechins and their effect on pH
3.13 Available nutrient status in the tea rhizosphere soil under different fertilizers
3.14 Analysis of soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere of Tea under differentfertilizers
3.15 Acidity status of tea rhizosphere soil under different fertilizers treatments
3.16 Analysis of five low molecular weight organic acids in rhizosphere soil of teatreated with different fertilization
3.17 Soil microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus in tea rhizosphere soil underdifferent fertilizers
3.18 Alpha-Diversity and richness indices of soil bacterial community based underdifferent fertilizers
3.19 Shift in bacterial community structure and composition under differentfertilization
3.20 Relationship of acidity with abundance of bacterial phyla in rhizosphere soilunder different fertilizers
3.21 Relationship of soil enzymes and microbial biomass with abundance ofbacterial phyla in rhizosphere soil under different fertilizers
3.22 Relationship of available nutrients with abundance of bacterial phyla inrhizosphere soil under different fertilizers
3.23 Effects of different fertilization on the growth, net photosynthetic rate and thirdleaf's chlorophyll contents
3.24 Hundred-bud weight and yield of tea leaves under different fertilizers
3.25 Biochemical components of tea leave under different fertilizers
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion and future perspectives
6 Recommendations
7 References
8 Appendices
9 List of publications and achievements
10 Acknowledgements
DEDICATION
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Environmental Problems From Tea Cultivation in Japan and a Control Measure Using Calcium Cyanamide[J]. K.OH,T.KATO. Pedosphere. 2006(06)
[2]苏、浙、皖茶区茶园土壤pH状况及近十年来的变化[J]. 马立锋,石元值,阮建云. 土壤通报. 2000(05)
[3]熏蒸法测定土壤微生物量碳的改进[J]. 林启美,吴玉光,刘焕龙. 生态学杂志. 1999(02)
[4]茶园—土壤系统铝和氟的生物地球化学循环及其对土壤酸化的影响[J]. 丁瑞兴,黄骁. 土壤学报. 1991(03)
本文编号：3679543
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shoufeilunwen/nykjbs/3679543.html
