高清海“类哲学”语境下的中国哲学“民族自我”思想探究

发布时间：2018-01-05 11:28

本文关键词：高清海“类哲学”语境下的中国哲学“民族自我”思想探究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高清海先生是当代中国著名的哲学家和教育家。他搞哲学有战略眼光,舍弃枝节之论和无益的渊博,抓住根本,持之以恒地独立思考,做出独创性的成果。高清海老师对人与世界及其关系的探索,无不回向对人的自身本质的思考,因而他的哲学立场从“本体论观点”经“认识论反思”到“实践观点的思维方式”,再到“类哲学”,可视为从抽象到具体不断发展的同心圆。从二十世纪八十年代初,他以自由独立的人格精神、深刻的思想洞察力和巨大的理论勇气,强有力地变革了长期束缚着人们头脑的传统哲学观念,以“辩证法就是认识论”的纲领开启了教科书改革的序幕,变革了哲学观与世界观,把传统哲学教科书的系列基本观念从素朴直观层次带入反思层次,完成了中国哲学界的认识论转向,最终汇集为产生国际影响的《马克思主义哲学基础》上下册。认识论反思的立场,意味着已经开始自觉从人与世界、思维与存在的关系,也就是从人的自身本质去思考问题。在教科书改革与哲学观念变革中,高清海发现马克思主义哲学革命的实质在于“实践观点的思维方式”,从“人与世界否定性统一”的“实践观点”去看待人与世界及其全部关系,超越了抽象对立的“存在观点”与“意识观点”,从而把世界观、认识论、辩证法与历史观真正提升到马克思主义哲学的层次上。但是“实践观点”还只是抽象的活动,只有切入现实历史,才会对人的自身本质达到更具体深入的把握。进入九十年代,高清海老师从以往全部哲学与自己的哲学探索中,发现“人是哲学的奥妙”,哲学作为“理论形态的人类自我意识”所表达的不过是人对自身的观点,这构成了高清海老师的哲学观。以这一哲学理念深入探索了塑造个体主体的市场经济,理论地表征了人的存在方式及其自我意识的转变。通过对市场经济的批判性反思,根据马克思哲学的类本质思想与人的自由个性的全面发展的解放旨趣,及其对人类历史三形态的本质性洞察,融合了中国哲学天人合一的思想,创造性地提出“类哲学”的思想体系,表征了“建设有中国特色的社会主义”的时代精神。从“认识论反思”和“实践观点”到“类哲学”,高清海老师对人与世界的统一性及人的自身本质的思考,不仅更为自觉,而且也更加具体深入了。面对现代性困境,高清海老师深入具体人性论与人的自身本质之实现的思考,研究和挖掘中华民族哲学传统的精神特质及其当代价值,试图从中国思想传统吸收智慧,致力于“创造中华民族的思想自我”,以提供中华民族的未来发展所需要的自己的哲学理论,并在新的思想空间中探索一种更为深刻的生活样式与文化基因,为人类的现实选择提供新的可能道路,为人类文明敞开新的发展空间。论文共分三章:第一章探究了高清海老师关于中国个人主体发展的思想。通过论述市场经济对中国个人主体生成的作用和全球一体化对中华民族个人主体的塑造,来阐述中国个人主体的发展过程。高清海老师认为,促进生成普遍的独立个人是市场经济发展最为根本的意义所在。市场经济把人从“人的依附性”的“集群主体”转变为“以物的依赖性为基础的人的独立性”的个体主体,形成了世界历史的普遍社会联系、多方面的需求与全面的能力体系,等价交换的抽象同一性确立了人的独立、自由、平等的形式框架。这就为社会主义进一步超越市场经济的“物的依赖性”,实现人的真正的独立性与自由个性,为人的自身本质从抽象的个体主体性发展到具体深刻的类主体性准备了条件。第二章探究了高清海老师“类哲学”语境下中国哲学的“民族自我”问题。“类哲学”是一种力图超越西方概念形而上学的具体理性,“类”作为具体的普遍性,融自他、物我、主客于一体,“类主体”超越了个体主体的抽象性与形式性,在人的普遍性存在中实现人的整全的个性生命。“类关系”作为人与人、人与自然、人与自身本质的内在统一的一体性关系,“类本质”作为人与自然完成了的本质的统一、人与人完成了的本质的统一、人与自身本质完成了的本质的统一,构成了高清海老师“类哲学”的总纲。“类存在”在人与自然的关系中,表现为人作为宇宙生命的人格化身,把宇宙化为生命的活物即“类化的存在”的天人合一的类活动;在人与人的关系中,实现了自由人的联合体,每个人的自由个性与一切人的自由个性是相互包含的,完成了个人与社会的统一;在人与自我的关系中,追求人的自由个性的全面发展与自身本质的实现,成就人格与智慧,完成整全的个性生命。高清海“类哲学”力图在人的层面重建绝对性,克服存在与价值的分裂,实现自由与自然相统一的实质性自由,确立此岸世界的真理。“类哲学”作为吸收中国文化基因克服现代性抽象建制的努力,把中国文化的思想智慧融入马克思主义哲学的当代性话语中,既构成了建设有中国特色的社会主义的哲学基础,又成就了走向人类未来的当代中国哲学。第三章探究了中国当代原创性哲学与马克思主义哲学的内在统一关系。建设有中国特色的社会主义的伟大实践是当代中国的最大现实,马克思主义哲学处于中国的历史、现实与理论的交汇点上,构成了当代中国乃至人类思想的可能性、现实性与必然性的统一。高清海老师的“类哲学”从人的“类本性”这一角度去理解人的和社会的未来发展,不仅可以为共产主义提供人性的深层根据,而且能够为实现这一伟大的理想提供具体现实的途径与方法。可以说,当代中国的改革及其所带来的生活方式的变化刺激引导着哲学思考走向生活的深处。从这一意义说,创造“当代中国哲学”,实质就是要创造中华民族的“思想自我”。高清海老师的“类哲学”作为表征“建设有中国特色的社会主义”的时代精神的哲学典型,为构建人类命运的共同体贡献了中国马克思主义哲学的智慧。
[Abstract]:Mr. Gao Qinghai is a famous contemporary Chinese philosopher and educator. He engaged in philosophy of strategic vision, on the side and not abandon the profound grasp, independent thinking, persevere, make creative achievements. Exploration of the people and the world and the relationship between the HD sea teacher, thinking all to the nature of their own, so his philosophical position from "ontological view" by "epistemological reflection" to "practical view way of thinking", then to "philosophy", is from the abstract to the concrete development of the concentric circle. From the beginning of 1980s, with his free independent personality, profound insight and great courage in theory to change the traditional philosophy, strong concept of long-term bound people's minds, "dialectics is the epistemology" program opened a prelude to the reform of textbook, change the view of Philosophy With the view of the world, the basic concept of the traditional philosophy textbook series from simple intuitive level into the reflection level, the complete understanding of Chinese philosophy on steering, leading to international influence of Marx philosophy based on < > 2. Epistemological reflection position means that has begun to consciously from the human and the world, the relationship between thinking and there is, from the person's own nature to think about the problem. In the textbook reform and philosophical ideas, find the essence of Marx's philosophy of Sea HD revolution is "practical view way of thinking", to look at the man and the world and all the relationship from the people and the world of negative unity "and" view of practice "and beyond the abstract opposition" view "and" consciousness view "to the world outlook, epistemology, dialectics and historical view of real ascension to Marx philosophy level. But the "view of practice" is an abstract activity, only the reality of history, will be on the person's own nature to more in-depth grasp. In 90s, the teacher from the Gao philosophy and his philosophy exploration, found that "people are the wonders of philosophy", "philosophy as the theoretical form of human self consciousness the expression is only a man of their own point of view, this constitutes a Gao philosophy. To the teacher this philosophy explores the shaping of the individual market economy theory, characterize the transformation of the way of human existence and its self consciousness. Through the critical reflection of the market economy, according to the comprehensive liberation purport the development of the essence of Marx's philosophy thought and the freedom of personality, and the human history of the three forms of insight into the nature of philosophy, fusion of heaven China one thought, creative This kind of philosophy system, characterized by "construction socialism with Chinese" spirit of the times. From the "epistemological reflection" and "view of practice" to "philosophy", thinking of the teacher Gao the unity of the world and the nature of their own, not only more consciously, but also more in-depth. Facing the dilemma of modernity, thinking to realize their own nature of HD sea teacher into the concrete theory of human nature and human spirit, study and explore the traditional Chinese philosophy and its contemporary value, trying to absorb the wisdom from China thought tradition, is committed to the creation of the Chinese nation, the thoughts of self "provide the need for future development of the Chinese nation's own philosophical theory, and in the space of new ideas to explore a more life style and cultural gene profound, as to provide a new choice of human The road, open the new space for the development of human civilization. The thesis consists of three chapters: the first chapter explores on the development of China HD sea teacher individual thought. Through the discussion of market economy to China individual formation and global integration of the Chinese nation to create individual, to explain the development process of China individual subject. Gao teacher thought, promote the formation of universal personal independence is the development of the market economy is the most essential meaning. The market economy from the "human dependence" and "cluster subject" into "the dependence on material as the foundation of human independence" of the individual subject, the formation of the world history the general social contact, many aspects of the demand and the ability of the comprehensive system, the exchange of equal value abstract identity establishes people's independence, freedom, equality and formal framework. This is further beyond the socialist market The economic "material dependence", realize the real independence and freedom of personality, is one's own essence abstracted from individual subjectivity to the development of specific deep class subject to condition. The second chapter explores the definition of sea teacher "philosophy" in the context of Chinese philosophy of "national self" "philosophy" is a specific reason tries to transcend the western concept of metaphysics, "class" as the concrete universal, melting from him, I, and in one, "subject" beyond the abstraction and form of individual subject, exist in the realization of the whole personality in human life the universal. "Relationship" as man and man, man and nature, man and the nature of their own internal unity relations, "class nature" as the unity of man and nature was completed, and completed the unity of nature, the people and their own Accomplish the unity of nature, constitute the philosophy of "class" teacher Gao master. "Existence" in the relationship between man and nature, is the incarnation of the universe as a life personality, the universe is living "of the existence of" harmony between man and nature of the class activities; in the relationship between people and people, realize the unity of free men, each person's free individuality and freedom of all people is personality mutually inclusive, to complete the unification of individual and society; the relationship between man and self, the pursuit of the all-round development of the implementation of the free personality and its quality. The achievement of personality and wisdom, to complete the whole individual life. Gao philosophy of "class" in trying to rebuild absolute level, overcome the existence and value of the division, to achieve substantive freedom and the nature of the unity, the establishment of this world of truth. "Philosophy" as absorption Chinese culture modern abstract system to overcome, the contemporary discourse Chinese culture ideological wisdom into Marx's philosophy, which constitute the philosophical foundation of building China socialism, and achievements of the future of mankind to contemporary philosophy. The third chapter Chinese explores the intrinsic unity of contemporary philosophy and Marx Chinese originality Marxist philosophy. The great practice of building socialism with Chinese is the biggest reality of contemporary Chinese, Marx philosophy in the history of China, the intersection of theory and reality, constitute the possibility of contemporary China and human thought, unity of reality and necessity. The philosophy of "class teacher Gao Qinghai" from this a view of "class nature" to understand the future development of human and society, human nature can not only provide a deep foundation of communism, and And can provide ways and methods of concrete reality in order to realize the great ideal. It can be said that the deep reform of contemporary China and stimulate the change brought about by the way of life philosophy to life. In this sense, the creation of "contemporary Chinese philosophy", essence is to create the Chinese nation "thoughts of self". The teacher's "Sea HD philosophy" as a representation of "building socialism China" spirit of the times the typical philosophy of Marx philosophy, contributed China wisdom to build a human community of destiny.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B26

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