中文阅读中“上半部分优势效应”的眼动研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 20:41

本文关键词：中文阅读中“上半部分优势效应”的眼动研究　出处：《天津师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：阅读是人类日常生活中的一项基本且重要的认知活动,阅读过程是读者视觉加工过程和语言加工过程的整合,词汇识别是阅读理解及语言加工的基础,那么词汇的不同空间位置信息对词汇识别所起的作用是否相同?对于拼音文字的研究发现了词汇识别的“上半部分优势效应”,即根据空间位置分布,将单词平均切分为上下两部分,单词的上半部分比单词的下半部分对单词识别起到更重要的作用。而对于中文中的“上半部分优势效应”的研究较早期,研究方法较陈旧,对实验材料没有严格的控制,对于原因机制的探讨也不完善。本研究在前人研究基础上,采用精确的眼动记录法,深入分析探讨中文词汇加工中的“上半部分优势效应”的现象及原因,揭示中文阅读词汇加工不同位置信息提取的机制,完善中文阅读的词汇加工模型。本论文包括3项研究,4个分实验。研究一包含1个实验,采用完整、上半或下半部分呈现的简体字文本让被试进行阅读,验证分析前人得到的中文阅读中的“上半部分优势效应”。研究二包含2个实验,在研究一揭示现象的基础上分析原因,认为“正字法模糊性”是影响上半部分识别优势的实质因素,实验严格控制目标字的各种属性,操纵目标字的正字法模糊性程度(上下半均无模糊性、上下半均模糊、上半不模糊、下半不模糊)以及句中其他字的呈现形式(实验2中所有字均分半呈现，，实验3中仅目标字分半呈现,避免文本溢出效应),深入探讨“正字法模糊性”对“上半部分优势效应”的调节作用。研究三包含1个实验,采用边界范式,保证读者在自然阅读的情况下,进一步考察正字法模糊性调节作用及半字识别的加工机制。综合研究结果,结论如下：(1)中文阅读中存在稳定的“上半部分优势效应”,即上半部分相比下半部分更容易被识别加工。(2)“正字法模糊性”对“上半部分优势效应”有显著的调节作用,半字正字法模糊性越大,识别半字的时间越长。(3)根据中文阅读词汇加工模型,半字的加工发生在汉字识别层,没有正字法模糊性的半字信息仅能激活唯一的汉字,并抑制其他共享部件信息的汉字；而具有正字法模糊性的半字会激活全部共享半字信息的汉字,再进行选择识别并抑制已经被激活的汉字及共享部件信息的汉字,导致加工时间的延长。
[Abstract]:Reading is a basic and important cognitive activity in human daily life. Reading process is the integration of the reader's visual process and language processing process. Vocabulary recognition is the basis of reading comprehension and language processing. So the different spatial location information of vocabulary plays the same role in vocabulary recognition? For the study of phonetic characters, the "upper half advantage effect" of word recognition is found, that is, according to the spatial distribution, the words are divided into two parts. The first half of the word is more important than the second half of the word in the recognition of the word. There is no strict control on the experimental materials, and the discussion of the cause mechanism is not perfect. Based on the previous studies, this study adopts accurate eye movement recording method. This paper analyzes the phenomenon and reason of the "upper half advantage effect" in Chinese vocabulary processing, and reveals the mechanism of extracting different position information in Chinese reading vocabulary processing. This thesis consists of three studies and four experiments. Study one contains one experiment, which is composed of a complete, upper or lower part of the simplified text for the participants to read. Verification and analysis of the "upper half dominance effect" in Chinese reading. Study 2 contains two experiments, and analyzes the reasons on the basis of revealing the phenomenon. It is considered that "orthographic fuzziness" is the essential factor that affects the superiority of the upper part of recognition. The experiment strictly controls all kinds of attributes of the target word and controls the degree of ambiguity of the orthographic character of the target word (there is no fuzziness in the upper and lower half parts). The form of presentation of other words in the sentence (all the words in experiment 2 are equally divided and half presented, while in experiment 3 only the target word is presented in half and half to avoid the spillover effect of the text), the upper half is fuzzy, the upper half is not fuzzy, and the lower half is not fuzzy. This paper probes into the regulative effect of "orthographic fuzziness" on the "superior effect of the upper part". Study 3 contains an experiment, which adopts the boundary paradigm to ensure the reader to read naturally. Further study on the regulative effect of orthographic fuzziness and the processing mechanism of half-character recognition. The conclusion is as follows: 1) there is a stable "upper half dominant effect" in Chinese reading. That is, the upper half is easier to be recognized than the lower half of the processing.) "orthographic fuzziness" has a significant role in regulating the "superior effect of the upper half", and the greater the fuzziness of the half-character orthography. According to the Chinese reading vocabulary processing model, the half word processing takes place in the Chinese character recognition layer, and the half word information without orthographic ambiguity can only activate the unique Chinese character. And restrain other Chinese characters of sharing component information; And the Chinese character with the fuzziness of orthography will activate all the Chinese characters that share the information of half character, and then select and recognize and suppress the activated Chinese character and the Chinese character of shared component information, which leads to the prolongation of processing time.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842

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