自我相关信息对知觉选择的调控

发布时间：2018-02-10 09:07

本文关键词： 自我突显视觉选择注意整体优先自我连接学习 ERP fMRI　出处：《东北师范大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：已有大量研究表明个人重要信息调控高级认知加工过程,如面孔识别、记忆、思维等。本研究利用四个研究系统地测量了个人重要信息对知觉选择的调控作用及其神经机制。研究采用最近发展的自我连接学习范式,让中性几何图形与不同人(自我、朋友、陌生人)建立联系;图形-标签连接完成后,以复合图形(局部小图形组成整体大图形)作为实验刺激,被试完成整体/局部图形判断任务,通过评估个体对具有不同社会意义图形(目标vs.分心物水平)的感知差异,测量个人重要信息对注意选择的调控作用。研究一采用三个行为实验,分别利用集中注意或分散注意任务,系统地考察自我相关信息作为目标和作为分心物两种条件下,其对整体优先效应的调控。结果发现,与他人相关图形相比,自我相关图形作为分心物调控整体优先效应,这种效应一致地发生在整体和局部水平上,并且不受注意任务的影响。这些行为结果提示社会信息对认知的调控作用发生在早期视觉选择水平上。研究二采用两个行为实验,直接比较自我相关信息在两个不同注意任务下对整体优先效应的调控作用的差异（集中注意和分散注意作为被试间变量）。结果发现,当社会信息作为分心物出现的时候,自我相关信息对知觉选择的调控在分散注意任务大于集中注意任务条件。结果表明社会信息对注意策略的调控作用。研究三利用事件相关电位技术,结合自我相关信息在分散注意任务产生较大调控作用的实验结果，考察这种效应是否发生在知觉选择的早期阶段。结果发现,在分散注意任务中，，当社会信息作为分心物的时候,与前人研究一致：整体与局部水平的加工差异发生在P1和N1早成分上,而自我对整体/局部加工的调控发生主要发生在N1成分上。这表明自我相关信息对知觉选择的调控发生在视觉早期感知加工过程中。研究四采用功能性核磁共振(fMRI)方法记录在分散注意条件下,自我相关信息对知觉选择的调控时大脑活动的变化。结果发现,当自我信息作为分心物出现的时候,内侧前额叶（自我加工脑区）的激活大于朋友作为分心物的时候；朋友作为分心物出现的时候,加工整体与加工局部水平引起左侧顶内沟（注意加工脑区）活动的差异,而并未在自我作为分心物的条件下发现；自我作为目标出现的时候,比朋友作为目标的条件下引发右侧顶内沟更高的激活。结果表明,自我相关信息对知觉选择的调控受到自我相关的神经机制——内侧前额叶皮层以及对突显信息注意机制——双侧顶内沟的调节。综上所述,研究采用四个研究七个实验分别从行为,脑电,以及fMRI三个方面考察自我相关信息对知觉选择的调控作用。结果表明自我相关信息能够对知觉选择起到调控的作用。并且自我相关信息对知觉选择的调控在集中与分散两种注意方式上类似,但是在分散注意中影响程度更大。这一调控过程发生在初级感知阶段,并且受到自我网络和注意网络的双重调节。
[Abstract]:There have been many studies show that important information regulation of individual high-level cognitive processes, such as face recognition, memory, thinking and so on. Four research system to measure the important personal information on the regulation effect and the neural mechanism of perceptual choice. The study by the recent development of self connected learning paradigm, to neutral geometry and different (self, friends, strangers) to establish contact; graphic label attached, with composite graphics (local pattern composed of the overall graphics) as experimental stimuli, subjects completed the overall / local graphics judgment task, through the evaluation of individuals with different social significance of graphics (vs. target distractor level) the differences in perception, measurement personal information that is important to pay attention to the regulation of choice.
A study by three behavioral experiments were used to focus on tasks or distracted, systematic study of self relevant information as the target and distractor as two kinds of conditions, the regulation of the global precedence effect. Results showed that, compared with other related graphics, self related graphics as distractors the overall regulation of the precedence effect, this the same effect occurs in the global and local levels, and will not be influenced by attention tasks. These results suggest that regulation of social behavior information on cognition may occur in the early stage of visual selection level.
Study two used two experiments, differences between the direct comparison of regulation of self relevant information on the overall effect of priority in two different tasks under the attention (focused attention and divided attention as between subjects variables). The results showed that when the information society appears as a distraction, self relevant information on the regulation of perceptual choice in the distraction task than attention task conditions. The results show that social information on attention regulation strategy.
Study three using event-related potentials, combined with the results of self relevant information have a greater role in the task of distraction, examine whether this effect occurs in the early stage of perceptual selection. The results showed that in the distraction task, when social information as distractors, consistent with previous studies: processing differences between global and local the level of P1 and N1 occurred in the early component, and the self regulation of the global / local processing has occurred mainly in N1 components. This indicates that self relevant information on the regulation of perceptual selection occurred in the early stage of visual perception in the process.
Study four used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) method for recording in the distraction conditions, changes of self relevant information on the regulation of the perception of brain activity. The results showed that when the self information appears as a distraction, the medial prefrontal cortex (self processing brain) activation is greater than a friend as a distraction when the time; friends appear as distractor, processing and processing the overall local level caused by the left intraparietal sulcus (attention processing brain regions) the differences in activity but not in self as distractor conditions found; self as target appears, than friends as a target under the condition of activation triggered by the right intraparietal sulcus is higher. The results show that the self relevant information, the medial prefrontal cortex and the salient information attention mechanism -- bilateral intraparietal sulcus on the regulation of perceptual selection by self related neural mechanisms Section. To sum up, all of the four of seven experiments respectively from the behavior, EEG, and fMRI on the three self relevant information on the regulation of perceptual selection. The results show that the self relevant information to the regulatory function of perceptual choice. And self related information on the perception of choice in the regulation of concentration and dispersion two attention on similar, but in the distraction of a greater degree. In the regulation process occurs in the primary stage of perception, and by self dual regulation network and attention network.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.2

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