现代汉语、越南语多项状语连用语序对比研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 08:45

  本文选题：汉语状语 + 越语状语　； 参考：《华东师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语和越南语(以下简称“越语”)都有一种比较特殊的语言现象,就是多项状语连用,这是两种语言最常见的语法结构之一。本文在中国、越南语言学家已有研究的基础上,对两者多项状语连用语序进行全面深入的对比研究。本文主要以句法结构、语义结构、语言类型学、认知语言学理论为基础,深入探讨两种语言多项状语连用语序的相同与差异之处。首先,从句法与语义角度,了解汉、越语状语的句法特征和语义类别。其次,根据位置分布和语义功能,把状语分为两大类：外围性状语和内在性状语。从功能上,再把内在性状语划分：限制性状语,方式性状语和描写性状语。接着,从句法结构、认知语言学的角度对两者多项各类状语连用的顺序进行对比研究,寻找两者的共性特征和个性差异。然后,讨论制约汉语和越语多项状语连用语序的基本原则；从语义指向方面讨论汉语和越语多项状语的语义指向。最后,本文在语言类型学与跨语言的视野下借用前人的研究成果,对汉语、越语、泰语、日语、韩语的多项状语连用语序进行对比寻找五种语言之间的共性和差异。全文共分十一章。第一章,主要讨论研究对象、研究意义、理论依据、语料来源,并且提出本文的技术路线与结构框架。然后,讨论现代汉语和越语多项状语连用语序的研究状况,最后肯定对汉语和越语的多项状语连用语序的研究对比至今仍未有,缺少深入细致的分析研究。第二章,主要讨论汉语和越语状语的定义、构成成分,从对两种语言状语的描写可以看出,汉语和越语状语的概念、构成成分及其分类基本上是相似的,根据汉语和越语状语的位置分布和语义功能划,把状语分为外围性状语和内在性状语两大类。外围性状语表现出的语义特征主要是：[关联]1状语、[关涉]状语、[评价]状语、[环境]状语、[时间]‘状语、[处所]状语。内在性状语分为限制性状语、方式性状语和描写性状语三大类。限制性状语表现出的语义特征主要是：[关联]1状语、[语气]状语、[时间]1状语、[频率]状语、[范围]状语、[程度]状语、[重复]状语、[否定]状语、[协同]’状语；方式性状语表现出的语义特征主要是：[比况]状语、[工具]状语、[材料]状语、[协同]1状语、[方所]状语、[对象]状语；描写性状语表现出的语义特征主要有[情状]状语和[摹状]状语。第三章,主要对汉语、越语多项外围性状语语序进行描写,归纳出最完整的汉语、越语多项外围性状语连用语序规律。汉语多项外围性状语的排列顺序为：[关联]’状语[关涉]状语[评价]状语[环境]状语[时间]’状语[处所]状语—S(句子)。越语外围性状语的排列顺序为：[关联]1状语[关涉]状语[评价]状语[环境]状语[时间]’状语[处所]状语[情势]状语—S(句子)—[关涉]状语[评价]状语[环境]状语[时间]1状语[处所]状语。据此可以看出两者的共性特征和个性差异。第四章,主要对汉语、越语多项限制性状语语序进行描写,归纳出最完整的汉语、越语多项限制性状语连用语序规律。汉语多项限制性状语的排列顺序为：[关联]1状语[语气]状语[时间]1状语[频率]状语[范围]状语[程度]状语[否定]状语[协同]1状语[重复]状语—谓语中心语。越语限制性状语的排列顺序为：[关联]1状语[语气]状语[时间]1状语[频率]状语[范围]状语[程度]状语[否定]状语[协同]’状语[重复]状语—谓语中心语—[程度]状语[协同]1状语[重复]状语。进而找出两者的共性特征和个性差异。第五章,主要对汉语、越语多项描写性状语语序进行描写,归纳出最完整的汉语、越语多项描写性状语连用语序规律。汉语多项描写性状语的排列顺序是：[情状]状语[摹状]状语—谓语中心语。越语描写性状语的排列顺序是：[描主]状语—谓语中心语—[描谓]状语。从而归纳出找出两者的共性特征和个性差异。第六章,主要对汉语、越语多项方式性状语语序进行描写,归纳出最完整的汉语、越语多项方式性状语连用语序规律。汉语多项方式性状语的排列顺序为：[比况]状语[工具／材料]状语[协同]1状语[方所]状语[对象]状语—谓语中心语。越语方式性状语的排列顺序为：[比况]状语[工具／材料]状语[方所]状语[对象]状语—谓语中心语—[协同]1状语[方所]状语[对象]状语[工具／材料]状语[比况]状语。从而归纳出找出两者的共性特征和个性差异。第七章,根据前面几章的研究成果,描写出汉语和越语多项各类状语连用的语序。汉语多项各类状语连用的优势语序为：[关联]1状语[关涉]状语[评价]状语[环境]状语时间]1状语[处所]状语—主语—[关联]1状语[语气]状语[时间]1状语[频率]状语[范围]状语[程度]状语[否定]状语[协同]1状语[重复]状语[情状]状语[比况]状语[工具／材料]状语[摹状]状语[协同]1状语[方所]状语[对象]状语—谓语中心语。越语多项各类状语连用的优势语序为：[关联]1状语[评价]状语—主语一[关联]1状语[语气]状语[时间]1状语[频率]状语[范围]状语[程度]状语[否定]状语[协同]’状语[重复]状语[描主]描写性状语—谓语中心语—[描谓]描写性状语[协同]1状语[方所]状语[对象]状语[工具／材料]状语[比况]状语[关涉]状语[环境]状语[时间]1状语[处所]状语。汉语和越语多项各类状语的排列顺序在位置上有很大不同,但是在语义上有共同点,汉族人与越南人在状语语序上都遵循相似的认知方式,越靠近谓语中心语的词语越说明谓语中心语的本质,越远离谓语中心语越表示谓语中心语的外延性,线性关系的远近反映了语义上关系的远近。第八章,主要讨论汉语和越语多项状语连用语序受到语音因素、语义接近原则、语义范围原则、空间范围原则、时间像似性原则、渐增性原则、凸显焦点原则、约定俗成原则、辖域控制原则、“背衬-物象”原则的制约和影响。第九章,主要讨论汉语和越语的多项状语的语义指向,汉、越语多项状语的语义指向分为三类：多项状语语义同指,多项状语语义异指；多项状语语义兼指。多项状语语义同指分为三小类：(1)指向主语,(2)指向谓语中心语,(3)指向宾语；多项状语语义异指分为四小类：(1)语义指向主语和谓语中心语,(2)语义指向主语和宾语,(3)语义指向谓语中心和宾语；多项状语语义兼指分为两类：(1)语义兼指主语和谓语中心语,(2)语义兼指谓语中心和宾语。可是,越语并没有状语语义指向宾语的现象,如果汉语中的状语语义指向宾语,那么在越语中这个现象会变成定中结构。第十章,从跨语言的角度讨论汉语、越语、泰语、汉语、日语的多项状语连用语序的异同,发现越语、泰语都是典型的SVO语言,两者的修饰语都在中心语之后,两者都是典型的向右分支语言。虽然汉语属于SVO语言,但是修饰语在中心语之前,汉语修饰成分的次序与SOY语言的日语和韩语比较相同,属于向左分支语言。日语和韩语都是典型的黏着语,两者的修饰语都在中心语之前,两者都属于向左分支语言。不管汉语、越语、泰语、日语、韩语是向左分支语言还是向右分支语言,不管它们多项状语连用语序的位置分布不相同,但是它们都具有语言的普遍共性,与谓语动词关系密切的状语成分一般应在于最靠近谓语动词的位置,与谓语动词关系不紧密的状语成分在距离上离谓语动词就远。第十一章,总结本文研究的主要成果。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese and Vietnamese (hereinafter referred to as "Yue Yue") have a special language phenomenon, which is one of the most common grammatical structures of the two languages. In this paper, on the basis of the research of the Vietnamese linguists in China and the Vietnamese linguists, the author makes a comprehensive and thorough comparative study of the word order of the two multinomial languages. On the basis of syntactic structure, semantic structure, linguistic typology and cognitive linguistics, the similarities and differences in the order of multiple adverbials in two languages are discussed in depth. First, the syntactic and semantic categories of Han and Vietnamese adverbials are understood from the syntactic and semantic angles. The adverbials are divided into two major categories according to their position distribution and semantic function. Classes: peripheral adverbials and intrinsic adverbials. From function, the internal adverbials are divided: restrictive adverbials, modal adverbials and descriptive adverbials. Then, from the syntactic structure and cognitive linguistics, the order of the multiple adverbials of the two kinds of adverbials are compared and studied in order to find the common characteristics and personality differences. Then, the discussion is discussed. The basic principles of Chinese and Vietnamese multiple adverbials are restricted, and the semantic orientation of the multiple adverbials in Chinese and Vietnamese is discussed from the semantic point of view. Finally, the article compares the previous research results in the perspective of language typology and cross language to compare the word order of Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, Japanese and Korean. The general and difference between the five languages. The full text is divided into eleven chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the research object, the significance, the theoretical basis, the source of the corpus, and puts forward the technical and structural framework of this article. Then, it discusses the research status of the language order of the modern Chinese and the multiple adverbials of the Vietnamese, and finally affirms the multiple forms of the Chinese and the Vietnamese. In the second chapter, the definition and composition of Chinese and Vietnamese adverbials are mainly discussed. From the description of two adverbials, the concept, composition and classification of the adverbials of Chinese and Vietnamese adverbials are basically similar, according to the adverbial Chinese and Vietnamese adverbials. Position distribution and semantic function are divided into two categories: peripheral and intrinsic adverbials. The semantic features of peripheral adverbials are: [associated]1 adverbials,] adverbials, [evaluation] adverbials, [Environmental] adverbials, [time] adverbials, and adverbials. The intrinsic adverbials are divided into restrictive adverbials, modal adverbials and descriptive characters. The three major categories of adverbials. The semantic features of restrictive adverbials are: [associated]1 adverbials, [mood] adverbials, [time]1 adverbials, frequency] adverbials, [range] adverbials, [degree] adverbials, [repetition] adverbials, [negative] adverbials, [synergistic] adverbials, and modal adverbials mainly: [ratio] adverbials, [tool] adverbiadverts, [material] Adverbials, [synergetic]1 adverbials, [square] adverbials, [object] adverbials; the semantic features of descriptive adverbials mainly include [love] adverbials and [description] adverbials. The third chapter mainly describes Chinese, the word order of a number of peripheral adverbials, the most complete Chinese, a number of peripheral adverbials in the language order law. A number of peripheral languages in the Chinese language. The order of the adverbials is: [related] adverbials [related] adverbials [evaluation] adverbials [Environmental] adverbials [] adverbials (places) adverbials - S (sentences). The order of the peripheral adverbials in the Vietnamese is: [related]1 adverbials [related] adverbials [Environmental] adverbials [time] adverbials [situation] adverbial adverbials - S (sentence) The adverbials [evaluation] adverbials [Environmental] adverbials [environment] adverbials (]1 adverbials) are adverbials. According to this, we can see the common features and personality differences of the two. The fourth chapter mainly describes the word order of Chinese and Vietnamese multiple restrictive adverbials, and sums up the most complete Chinese, the multiple restrictive adverbials in the Vietnamese language, and the Chinese multiple restrictive adverbials. The sequence is: [associated]1 adverbial] adverbials [time]1 adverbials [frequency] adverbials [extent] adverbials [degree] adverbials [negative] adverbials [CO adverbials] adverbials - predicate central language. The order of the restrictive adverbials in the Vietnamese language is: [associated]1 adverbials [mood] adverbials [time]1 adverbials [frequency rate] adverbials [extent] adverbials [degree] adverbials [negative] Adverbials [synergy] adverbials [repeat] adverbials - predicate central language - [degree] adverbials [synergistic adverbials with]1 adverbials]. Then find out the common features and personality differences. The fifth chapter mainly describes the word order of Chinese and Vietnamese multiple descriptive adverbials, sums up the most complete Chinese language, and the multiple descriptive adverbials in the Vietnamese language. The order of multiple descriptive adverbials in Chinese is: [love] adverbials [description] adverbials - predicate central language. The order of the descriptive adverbials of the Vietnamese is: [drawing subject] adverbials - predicate central language - [descriptive] adverbials. In this way, the generality and personality differences of the two are summed up. The sixth chapter is mainly to the Chinese and the multi modal adverbials of the Vietnamese. The word order is described and the most complete Chinese is summed up. The order of multiple modal adverbials in Chinese is the order of the adverbials. The order of the adverbials is [tool / material] adverbials [with the adverbials of]1 adverbials] [object] adverbials - the predicate central language. The order of the Vietnamese square adverbials is: [ratio] adverbial The adverbials [object] adverbials [object] adverbials - the central language of the adverbial [object] - [coordinate]1 adverbials] adverbials [object] adverbials [object] adverbials [tool / material] adverbials, thus generalize and find out the common features and individual differences of the two. The seventh chapter, according to the research results of the preceding chapters, describes a number of adverbials in Chinese and Vietnamese. The predominant word order of a number of adverbials in Chinese: [related]1 adverbials [related] adverbials [evaluation] adverbials [Environmental] adverbials in]1 adverbials - adverbials - [associated]1 adverbials [mood] adverbials [time]1 adverbials [frequency] adverbials [extent] adverbials [degree] adverbials [negative] adverbials [complex adverbials [repeat] adverbials [love] Adverbials [tool / material] adverbials [copy] adverbials [synergetic adverbial] adverbials [object] adverbials - predicate central language. The predominant word order of multiple adverbials in]1 is: [associated]1 adverbials [evaluation] adverbials - [associated]1 adverbials] adverbials [time]1 adverbials [frequency] adverbials [range] adverbials [degree] adverbials [ Negative adverbials [synergistic] adverbials [repetition] adverbials - descriptive adverbials - predicate central language - descriptive adverbials [collaborative]1 adverbials] adverbials [object] adverbials [tool / material] adverbials [related] adverbials [Environmental] adverbials [time]1 adverbials] adverbials. The order of various adverbials in Chinese and Vietnamese There are very different positions in the position, but there is a common point in the semantics. The Han and the Vietnamese follow the similar cognitive style in the adverbial word order, the closer the predicate central language is, the more the predicate central language is expressed, the more the predicate central language is denotative, the far and near relation of the linear relationship reflects the semantic upper pass. The eighth chapter is to discuss the language order of Chinese and Vietnamese multiple adverbials, the principle of semantic proximity, the principle of semantic scope, the principle of space scope, the principle of time iconicity, the principle of gradual increase, the principle of focus, the principle of convention, the principle of jurisdiction, the restriction and influence of the principle of "the backing - object". The ninth chapter, The semantic orientation of multiple adverbials in Chinese and Vietnamese is mainly discussed. The semantic direction of multiple adverbials in Chinese and Vietnamese is divided into three categories: multinomial adverbial semantic identical finger, multiple adverbial semantic different finger; multiple adverbial semantic conjunct finger. Multiple adverbial semantic same finger is divided into Mio: (1) pointing to subject, (2) pointing to predicate central language, (3) pointing object; Multinomial Semantic signals are divided into four small classes: (1) semantic pointing to subject and predicate central language, (2) semantic pointing to subject and object, (3) semantic pointing to the center and object of predicate; and multiple adverbials are divided into two categories: (1) semantic concurrently subject and predicate central, (2) meaning and predicate center and object. However, the Vietnamese has no adverbial semantic orientation. If the adverbial meaning in the Chinese language points to the object, the phenomenon will become a definite structure in the Vietnamese. The tenth chapter discusses the similarities and differences of the word order in Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, Chinese and Japanese from the perspective of cross language, and finds that the Vietnamese are the typical SVO language, and the modifiers of both are in the central language. After that, both are typical right branch languages. Although Chinese belongs to the SVO language, before the modifier is in the central language, the order of the Chinese modifier is the same as the Japanese and Korean in the SOY language. It belongs to the left branch language. Both Japanese and Korean are typical stickwords. The two modifiers are both in the central language and both belong to the direction before the central language. Left branch language. Whether Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, Japanese, and Korean are left branch language or right branch language, regardless of their multiple adverbials, they have different position distribution in word order, but they all have common common language. In the eleventh chapter, we summarize the main findings of this study.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H195
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本文编号：1777077