网络宗教安全问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 00:01

本文选题：互联网 + 网络宗教　；参考：《中央民族大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代后期,互联网在中国兴起与快速发展,并在政治、经济、文化、社会等各领域得到人们广泛应用。各大传统宗教及新兴宗教也抓住机遇,充分利用互联网的快捷、便利、低成本等突出优势,推动宗教传播形式、宗教组织形式等方面发生变革,形成网络宗教。网络宗教具有双重作用,积极作用表现在推动了宗教的快速传播,便利了宗教组织及信众开展宗教活动,消极作用表现在非法的网络宗教活动对宗教自身安全、政治安全、社会安全、文化安全造成冲击。基于网络宗教的上述发展现状,本论文以马克思主义宗教观、国家安全观为指导,运用宗教学、传播学、政治学等相关理论知识,结合党和国家在宗教事务管理、互联网监管、新闻宣传等工作领域的方针与政策,分四个部分对网络宗教的安全问题展开研究。第一部分侧重现状描述。一是以互联网对宗教的双重作用作为切入点,通过龙泉寺等事例分析互联网对宗教发展的积极作用,以打着宗教旗号的网络诈骗、邪教通过互联网活动等事例分析了非法网络宗教活动造成的严重社会危害；二是论述了网络宗教发展的现状。当前宗教网络传播与发展的主要媒介包括宗教网站、博客空间、虚拟社区(论坛)、即时通讯群组、虚拟教堂等；网络宗教的传播内容十分广泛,具体包括宗教的教义和经典,宗教领域的新闻与资讯,开展宗教仪式等宗教活动,线下宗教活动的信息与通告,宗教知识、宗教活动的感悟与讨论,等等。三是分析了网络宗教发展的新特征,包括宗教信息传播的即时性、宗教组织及活动的虚拟化、宗教信息及活动的难以监管性。第二部分侧重理论探讨。结合当前网络宗教发展实际,运用相关理论,详尽阐释了网络宗教的安全问题,一是宗教自身安全的数字化解构,包括多元通融的宗教生态遭到冲击、各大宗教思想文化混沌传播、在线宗教身份的真伪难辨、虚拟宗教场所的良莠不齐；二是政治安全遭遇去中心化,表现为信息强权进一步冲击宗教主权、传播权力分散化下的传统宗教“把关人”作用弱化、网络动员杠杆作用实现宗教政治动员的“多数人小努力”、流动性支配下的主流意识形态分化；三是社会安全遭遇自由化冲击,表现为“网络多数人暴政”极大干扰了社会心理、舆论的“蝴蝶效应”增大涉宗教因素问题的社会风险概率、“网络意见领袖”强化宗教社会控制功能、“议题设置”主体多元化加大宗教社会冲突治理难度；四是文化安全遭遇强权化,表现为宗教文化价值负面作用放大、我国传统宗教文化的弱化、西方宗教文化网络霸权形成、我国宗教文化创新能力削弱。第三部分侧重原因分析。一是我国宗教发展面临的新挑战,包括我国互联网的快速发展、我国宗教格局的现实改变、世界范围内宗教极端主义和恐怖主义的兴起与扩散、敌对势力利用互联网开展宗教渗透问题较为突出等；二是我国宗教事务管理的存在问题,包括宗教事务管理互联网意识欠缺、宗教事务管理存在真空地带、宗教事务管理法制不完善、宗教事务管理队伍建设不足；三是我国互联网发展存在问题,包括监管理念存在误区、监管技术条件落后、监管法制不完善。第四部分侧重机制构建。该部分以维护我国国家安全和推动网络宗教的健康发展为出发点,立足于国内、国际两个层面,线上、线下两个领域,对我国网络宗教安全问题的防范与解决提出了相关对策与建议,一是提出了网络宗教工作的主要原则。包括坚持马克思主义宗教观与网络安全观相结合；坚持中国化方向,遵循宗教和宗教工作规律；坚持“导”字,牢牢掌握宗教工作主动权。二是提出要构建宗教的网络话语主导权。包括通过网络媒体讲好中国宗教故事；技术为先,提升信息安全保障能力；人才为重,打造高素质专业网络队伍；综合协调,建立多部门联动治理机制；制度保障,提升宗教治理法治化水平。三是要抵制打击互联网下的宗教渗透。包括重点抵制西方敌对势力的宗教渗透、合作打击网络恐怖主义与宗教极端主义、增强国际间宗教的对话与交流。四是化解现实宗教领域的实际问题。包括切实保障信教群众的合法权益、妥善处理宗教领域突发性事件、切实解决信教群众的民生问题。总之,对于网络宗教问题,我们要以中国化为大方向,以积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应为主要目标,兴其利除其弊,探索有效的治理路径与措施,使其在不威胁我国宗教自身安全、政治安全、社会安全、文化安全的基础上,不断推动网络宗教健康、有序发展。
[Abstract]:In the late 1990s, the Internet has springing up and developed rapidly in China, and has been widely used in political, economic, cultural and social fields. The great traditional religions and new religions also seize the opportunity to make full use of the advantages of the Internet, such as quick, convenient and low cost, and promote the form of religious communication and the form of religious organization. The network religion has dual functions. The active role of network religion is to promote the rapid spread of religion, facilitate the religious organizations and the believers to carry out religious activities. The negative role is manifested in the impact of illegal network religious activities on the security of religion itself, political security, social security and cultural security. With the guidance of the Marx doctrine of religion and the view of national security, this thesis uses the theories of religion, communication, politics and other relevant theoretical knowledge, combining the principles and policies of the party and the state in the field of religious affairs management, Internet supervision, news and propaganda, and divides the security of network religion into four parts. The first part focuses on the description of the status quo. First, it takes the double role of the Internet as a breakthrough point to analyze the positive role of the Internet on the development of religion through the Longquan temple, and analyzes the serious social danger caused by the illegal network religious activities by the Internet fraud with the religious flag and the Internet activities. Two is the present situation of the development of network religion. The main media of the spread and development of the current religious network include religious websites, blog spaces, virtual communities (forums), instant communication groups, virtual churches, etc.; the dissemination of network religions is very extensive, including religious teachings and classics, news and information in the religious field. Religious activities such as religious ceremonies, religious activities, information and notices of religious activities under line, religious knowledge, understanding and discussion of religious activities, and so on. Three, the new characteristics of the development of network religion are analyzed, including the immediacy of the dissemination of religious information, the virtualization of religious organizations and activities, and the difficult supervision of religious information and activities. The second part focuses on the reason. On the basis of the reality of the current network religion development and the relevant theories, it explains the security problems of the network religion in detail. One is the digital deconstruction of the religion's own security, including the impact of the religious ecology of the pluralistic harmony, the chaotic spread of the religious ideology and culture of the major religions, the authenticity of the online religious identity, and the good and the bad of the virtual religious places. The two is that the political security encountered to be centralization, manifested as the further impact of the power of information on religious sovereignty, the weakening of the traditional religious "gatekeepers" under the decentralization of decentralization, the "small efforts of the majority of the people" to mobilize the leverage of the network and the mainstream ideology under the mobility support; and the three is the social security. The "network majority tyranny" has greatly interfered with the social psychology. The "Butterfly Effect" of the public opinion increases the probability of social risk involving religious factors. "The network opinion leader" strengthens the function of religious social control, and the subject of "topic setting" increases the difficulty of the governance of religious social conflicts; four The third part focuses on the new challenges of our country's religious development, including the rapid development of our country's Internet, including the rapid development of our country's Internet, including our country's Internet. The realities of the religious pattern, the rise and spread of religious extremism and terrorism worldwide, the problem of the use of the Internet for religious infiltration by hostile forces, and so on; two, the existence of religious affairs management in China, including the lack of Internet awareness in the management of religious affairs, the existence of religious affairs management in a vacuum zone, and religion The legal system of the affairs management is not perfect, the construction of the contingent of religious affairs management is insufficient; three is the problem of the development of the Internet in our country, including the misunderstanding of the concept of supervision, the backward supervision technology and the imperfect supervision of the legal system. The fourth part focuses on the construction of the mechanism. This part is based on the maintenance of the national security of our country and the promotion of the healthy development of the network religion. Point, based on the domestic, the international two levels, the line, the line under two fields, the prevention and solution of the network religious security problems of our country, put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions. First, the main principles of the network religious work are put forward, including the adherence to the Marx doctrine of religion and the concept of network security; adhere to the direction of China, follow religion and The law of religious work; adhere to the "guide" and firmly grasp the initiative of the religious work. Two is to put forward the leading right of the network discourse to build religion. It includes the good Chinese religious story through the network media; the technology is the first to improve the ability of information security; the talent is heavy, the high quality professional network team is created; the comprehensive coordination and the establishment of many departments. The door linkage governance mechanism; system guarantee to enhance the level of the rule of law of religious governance. Three is to resist the penetration of religion under the Internet, including the religious infiltration of the Western hostile forces, cooperation against cyber terrorism and religious extremism, and the enhancement of dialogue and communication between international religions. Four is to resolve the field of real religion. The actual problems, including the effective protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the believers, the proper handling of the unexpected events in the religious field, and the practical solution of the people's livelihood of the believers. In a word, we should take China into the major direction for the problem of network religion and actively guide the adaptation of religion to the socialist society as the main goal, and explore the advantages and disadvantages of the religion. The effective ways and measures of governance make it constantly promote the healthy and orderly development of the network religion on the basis of not threatening the security of religion itself, political security, social security and cultural security.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B91

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