场景旋转和观察者移动下的背景提示效应

发布时间：2018-06-03 20:05

本文选题：背景提示效应 + 内隐记忆　；参考：《天津师范大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：从不同视角观察同一场景时,眼睛看到的视像会有显著的差别。关于从某一视角学习到的场景知识能否迁移到新视角,目前有两种观点:一种观点主张空间记忆不能迁移到新视角;另一种观点主张空间记忆可以迁移到新视角。该争论的本质是,场景的记忆痕迹是学习视角的视觉图像,还是场景中的空间关系。基于外显记忆任务的研究发现,在不同的任务下这两种空间表征都可以被个体利用。然而,对于内隐记忆空间表征方式的研究还很有限,且已有的研究发现内隐记忆不能迁移到学习视角之外的新视角,只能以缺乏灵活性的视网膜图像进行表征。本研究通过背景提示效应范式,探讨内隐空间记忆的编码过程能否整合空间参照系的信息,从而习得场景中物体空间关系的高级表征。系统地操纵了二维旋转和三维旋转、场景内部与环境空间参照信息、视角变化方式等变量,通过三个研究共7项实验展开对该问题的探讨。研究一目的是探讨在提供不同水平空间参照信息的条件下,背景提示效应能否迁移到二维场景旋转后的新视角。使用二维人工材料组成搜索场景,设置了内部(字母方向)与环境(视觉边框)空间参照信息同时存在、只存在内部或环境空间参照信息的三种参照信息水平。实验1a在场景中提供了内部和环境两种空间参照信息,选取48名被试分为3组,分别在测试阶段经历0度、45度、60度的场景旋转,结果发现三组被试在学习阶段习得的背景提示效应都能迁移到新视角。实验1b采用眼动追踪技术,使用与实验1a中45度组相同的实验程序,结果发现场景旋转前后的眼跳次数、扫描模式比等眼动指标模式一致。实验2仅提供内部空间参照信息,选取32名被试分为2组,分别在测试阶段经历了真转、假转的实验条件,结果发现真转组的背景提示效应完全消失了。实验3仅提供环境空间参照线索,其他设置与实验2相同,结果发现真转组的背景提示效应得到了很大衰减。以上三个实验的结果共同说明,二维场景中的背景提示效应能够迁移到新异视角,提供充分的空间参照信息是效应迁移的必要条件。研究二的目的是探讨如果视角变化是由观察者移动带来的,内隐记忆能否自动地迁移到新异视角。将与研究一相同的场景材料投影到地面上,探讨场景旋转和观察者移动对背景提示效应视角迁移的影响。实验4在场景中提供了内部空间参照线索,选取64名被试分为4组,分别在测试阶段通过观察者不移动场景不旋转(O0So)、观察者移动场景不旋转(O+So)、观察者不移动场景旋转(O0S+)、观察者移动且场景旋转(O+S+)四种方式得到与学习阶段相同或不同的视觉图像,结果发现虽然被试看到的视觉图像都不同于学习阶段,但O+S0组的背景提示效应得到了保持,而O0S+组却消失了。实验5去除了场景中所有的空间参照信息,其他与实验4相同,结果发现在测试阶段O+S0组和O0S+组的背景提示效应都消失了。以上两个实验的结果共同说明,身体移动带来的信息能够使背景提示效应迁移到新异视角;同时,提供空间参照信息是实现迁移的必要条件。研究三的目的是探讨在视觉信息变化更复杂的三维场景中背景提示效应能否迁移到新视角。采用三维真实场景组成搜索场景,并排除了真实场景中的语义信息,探讨场景旋转和观察者移动对三维场景中背景提示效应视角迁移的影响。实验6在场景中提供了内部空间参照信息,选取32名被试分为2组,分别在测试阶段经历0度和45度的场景旋转,结果发现45度组的效应在测试阶段显著衰减。实验7选取64名被试,使用与实验6相同的材料、与实验4相同的范式,结果发现O+S0组的背景提示效应得到了保持,O0S+组的效应消失。以上2个实验的结果共同说明,在空间信息变化更为复杂的三维场景旋转中,背景提示效应也能依靠空间参照信息和观察者移动带来的信息实现空间更新。在本论文的实验条件下,可以得到以下结论:1.在二维和三维场景中,背景提示效应都可以迁移到场景旋转后的新视角。说明除了视网膜图像,背景提示效应的编码过程中也能加工空间关系的信息。2.背景提示效应的视角迁移需要借助空间参照信息来实现。不同类型的空间参照信息在这个过程中起到了不同的作用。3.观察者自身移动带来的空间信息也能使背景提示效应迁移到新视角,即出现了空间更新效应。这一过程也必须在空间参照信息的帮助下才能实现。
[Abstract]:Seeing the same scene from different perspectives, there are significant differences in the view of the eye. There are two views on whether the knowledge of the scene learned from a certain perspective can be moved to a new perspective: one view that spatial memory can not migrate to a new perspective; another view that space memory can be moved to a new perspective. The essence is that the memory trace of the scene is the visual image of the learning perspective or the spatial relationship in the scene. The research based on the explicit memory task finds that the two spatial representations can be used by the individual under different tasks. However, the research on the spatial representation of implicit memory is limited, and the existing research finds implicit notes. A new perspective, which can not be transferred to the learning perspective, can only be characterized by the lack of flexible retinal images. This study explores whether the encoding process of the implicit spatial memory can integrate the information of the spatial reference system through the background prompting effect paradigm, thus acquiring a high-level representation of the spatial relationship of the object in the scene. Rotation and three-dimensional rotation, internal and environmental space reference information, visual angle change, and other variables are discussed through three studies and 7 experiments. The purpose of this study is to discuss whether the background prompt effect can be moved to a new perspective after the rotation of the two-dimensional scene under the condition of providing different horizontal spatial reference information. The two dimensional artificial materials make up the search scene, set up the internal (letter direction) and the environment (visual frame) spatial reference information simultaneously, only there are three reference information levels of internal or environmental space reference information. Experimental 1A provides the internal and environmental two kinds of space reference information in the scene, and selected 48 subjects into 3 groups, respectively. In the trial stage, 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees of scene rotation, the results found that the three groups of subjects learned in the learning stage the background prompt effect can be moved to the new perspective. Experimental 1b using eye tracking technique, using the same experimental program as the experimental 1A 45 group, the results found the number of saccades before and after the scene rotation, scan pattern ratio and other eye movement index. The model is the same. Experiment 2 only provides internal spatial reference information, and 32 subjects are divided into 2 groups. The experimental conditions of true rotation and false rotation have been experienced in the test stage. The results found that the background effect of the true rotation group completely disappeared. Experiment 3 only provided the reference clues of the environment space, which was the same as the experiment 2, and found the background of the true rotation group. The results of the three experiments have been greatly attenuated. The results of the above experiments show that the background prompt effect in the two-dimensional scene can be migrated to the new perspective, and providing sufficient spatial reference information is the necessary condition for the effect migration. The purpose of study two is to explore whether the implicit memory is self memory if the change of perspective is caused by the movement of the observer. Move to a new perspective. Projection the same scene material to the ground, explore the effect of scene rotation and observer movement on the migration of the background prompt effect. Experiment 4 provides internal spatial reference clues in the scene, and selected 64 subjects to be divided into 4 groups, which do not move the scene by the observer at the test stage, respectively. O0So, the observer moves the scene without rotation (O+So), the observer does not move the scene rotation (O0S+), the observer moves and the scene rotates (O+S+) four ways to get the same or different visual images from the learning stage. The results show that although the visual images are different from the learning stage, the background effect of the O+S0 group is obtained. The O0S+ group disappeared. Experiment 5 went to all the spatial reference information in the scene, and the other was the same as that in the experiment 4. The results found that the background effect of the O+S0 group and the O0S+ group disappeared at the test stage. The results of the two experiments show that the information brought by the body movement can move the background effect to the new angle of view. At the same time, providing spatial reference information is a necessary condition for the realization of migration. The purpose of study three is to explore whether the background prompting effect in the more complex three-dimensional scene of visual information can be migrated to a new perspective. The search scene is composed of three-dimensional real scene, and the semantic information in the real scene is excluded, and the scene rotation and the observer are discussed. The effect of movement on the background prompting effect in three-dimensional scene. Experiment 6 provides internal spatial reference information in the scene. 32 subjects are divided into 2 groups, and the scene rotates at 0 and 45 degrees in the test stage. The results show that the effect of the 45 degree group attenuates at the test stage. Experiment 7 select 64 subjects, use and Experiment 6. The same material, with the same paradigm as experiment 4, found that the background effect of the O+S0 group was maintained and the effect of the O0S+ group disappeared. The results of the above 2 experiments showed that the background effect could also depend on the information of the space and the information brought by the observer in the more complex three-dimensional scene rotation of the spatial information. In the experimental conditions of this paper, we can get the following conclusions: 1. in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional scenes, the background prompting effect can be moved to the new perspective after the scene rotation. It shows that in addition to the retinal image, the background prompt effect in the encoding process can also process the spatial relationship information.2. background prompt effect. The shift needs to be implemented with the help of spatial reference information. Different types of spatial reference information play a different role in this process. The spatial information brought by the.3. observer's own movement can also move the background prompt effect to a new perspective, that is, the spatial update effect. This process must also be supported by the help of spatial reference information. It can be realized.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

【相似文献】